U.S. patent number 3,873,225 [Application Number 05/286,323] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-25 for paving stones.
Invention is credited to Karna Jakobsen, Otto Maurus Jakobsen.
United States Patent |
3,873,225 |
Jakobsen , et al. |
March 25, 1975 |
PAVING STONES
Abstract
A set of paving stones comprising two types of stones, one type
having upwardly tapering side faces and the other type having
downwardly tapering side faces, and one type being provided with
protrusions at least at some of its side faces, while the other
type is provided with corresponding grooves in its side faces.
Inventors: |
Jakobsen; Karna (Silkeborg,
DK), Jakobsen; Otto Maurus (Silkeborg,
DK) |
Family
ID: |
23098085 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/286,323 |
Filed: |
September 5, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
404/41; 52/604;
52/591.1; D25/113 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01C
5/00 (20130101); E01C 2201/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E01C
5/00 (20060101); E01c 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;404/34,39,40,41,73
;52/589,590,595,598,604,605,608 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
563,863 |
|
Oct 1932 |
|
DD |
|
6,513,546 |
|
Apr 1966 |
|
NL |
|
43,978 |
|
Sep 1910 |
|
OE |
|
37,306 |
|
Mar 1925 |
|
DK |
|
164,663 |
|
Nov 1949 |
|
OE |
|
Primary Examiner: Frazier; Roy D.
Assistant Examiner: Holko; Thomas J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Craig & Antonelli
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A paving stone arrangement comprising: a first and second type
of stone, said stones of both types having top surfaces of
substantially similar configuration, each stone of said first type
having a plurality of side surfaces tapering exclusively inwardly
and downwardly from the top surface thereof, at least one of said
side surfaces of each stone of said first type being shaped with a
substantially vertically extending groove, said substantially
vertically extending groove having a depth which is largest
adjacent the bottom surface of the stone and which is gradually
reduced toward the top surface of the stone leaving the top surface
of the stone unbroken, each stone of said second type having a
plurality of side surfaces tapering exclusively outwardly and
downwardly from said top surface thereof, at least one of said side
surfaces of each stone of said second type being provided with a
substantially vertically extending tongue-like projection received
in one of said grooves of a neighboring stone of said first type,
said tongue-like projections having a maximum protrusion at a base
surface disposed adjacent the bottom surface of the stones of said
second type and gradually diminishing toward the top surface of the
stones leaving said top surface unbroken.
2. A paving stone arrangement according to claim 1, wherein at
least two of said side surfaces of each stone of said first type
and each stone of said second type are respectively provided with a
substantially vertically extending groove and a substantially
vertically extending tongue-like projection.
3. A paving stone arrangement according to claim 2, wherein each of
the stones of said first and second type have a top surface of an
elongated rectangular configuration each stone having on its
opposed longer side surfaces a plurality of at least one of grooves
and projections, respectively, with the remaining side surfaces
being smooth.
4. A paving stone arrangement according to claim 2, wherein each of
the stones of said first and second type have a top surface of a
hexagonal configuration, and wherein said tongue-like projections
on said second type of stone and said substantially vertically
extending groove on said first type of stone are formed on two
pairs of diametrically opposite sides of each stone.
5. A paving stone arrangement according to claim 2, wherein a
curbstone is provided having a side length longer than that of the
individual stones, said curbstone being provided with at least one
of projections and grooves receivable with at least one of grooves
and projections, respectively, of the individual stones.
Description
The present invention relates to a set of paving stones in which at
least some of the side faces of the stones are provided with
interlocking projections and depressions. Flagstones are known, the
opposite longitudinally extending sides of which follow a broken
line in such a way that one side of one store forms a projection
that fits into a depression in the opposite side of an adjacent
stone, whereby the stones are to some extent locked against mutual
longitudinal displacement. However, this locking is not quite
effective, because the interlocking faces will normally extend
obliquely to the considered longitudinal direction or direction of
displacement so that the stones may be forced apart by the
displacement.
It has been proposed to form the stone sides with alternate key
shaped projections and grooves so arranged that the projections of
one stone will engage in the grooves of an adjacent stone. In this
way the locking effect is improved, but on the other hand the
stones are difficult to produce and to lay. In the molding process
the mold must be able to release the stones, i.e. the side faces
must be slightly slanting so that the projection of one stone will
slant oppositely to or away from the bottom of the groove of the
adjacent stone, which has an adverse effect on the locking
properties.
The primary purpose of the invention is to provide a set of paving
stones which can be laid together with a good locking effect and
are easy to produce. According to the invention this purpose is
attained thereby that the set comprises two types of stones, the
projections being provided on one type of stones and the grooves
being provided in the other type of stones. This enables the stones
of one type to be produced with its sides tapering upwardly and the
stones of the other type with its sides tapering downwardly, which
also applies to the outer faces of the projections and the bottom
faces of the grooves, respectively, so that these faces
consequently can have the same inclination (or in any case be
inclined in the same direction) as the adjacent side of the stone.
This means that both types of stones are easy to produce with such
a tapering that they can be released from the molds without
difficulties and that nevertheless the stones can be placed
together with their side faces as well as the faces of their
projections and grooves positioned close together throughout their
vertical extension, whereby an extremely stable interlocking of the
stones is obtainable.
The invention offers the substantial advantage that the stones can
be laid close together merely by a vertical downward movement
against the support surface, the upwardly tapered stones being
first placed so that spaces having the shape of the downwardly
tapered stones are left between them, whereupon said latter stones
are fitted in said spaces.
A further advantage of the invention is due to the fact that the
downwardly tapered stones may be lifted up after the entire
pavement has been laid, because they do not have to be laterally
displaced in order to release the interlocking engagement with the
surrounding stones. When the downwardly tapered stones around an
upwardly tapered stone have been removed the latter may also be
lifted up, i.e. it is possible despite the effective interlocking
in a horizontal plane to break the pavement at any desired location
for the purpose of making repairs or changes.
The invention will be explained in a more detailed manner in the
following with reference to the drawing, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic bottom view of a pavement carried out with an
embodiment of the set of stones according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of some stones in a preferred
embodiment of the stone set,
FIG. 2a is a schematic top view of the paving stones shown in FIG.
2,
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a kerbstone belonging to the stone
set shown in FIG. 2,
FIGS. 4, 5, 5a and 6 are views similar to FIGS. 1-3, but showing
stones according to the invention comprising hexagonal stones,
FIGS. 7 and 8 are perspective views of interfitting stones
according to another embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 9 is a vertical section illustrating the method of laying
stones shown both in FIG. 1 and in FIGS. 8 and 9, and
FIG. 10 is a plane view showing a section of a pavement arranged in
a curved pattern.
The pavement shown in FIG. 1 is made of square stones laid in rows
consisting of alternate individual stones 2 and 4 of which the
stones 2 are provided with a projection 6 at the middle of each of
its four sides and chamfered corners 2' whereas the stones 4 are
provided with corresponding grooves 8 for receiving the projections
6. As will appear the stones can be placed so that each stone is in
engagement with all of the four surrounding stones by means of the
projections 4 and the grooves 8.
In the preferred embodiment of the stones shown in FIGS. 2, 2a the
projections 6 are wedge shaped in such a manner that they are not
visible at the upper surface of the stones while they project
substantially adjacent the lower surface of the stones. These
stones have been molded with upwardly and inwardly slanting sides
so that the projections 6 cause no problems as to the release from
the molds. Similarly the grooves 8 in the stones 4 are so wedge
shaped that they do not break the upper surface of the stones. The
stones 4 have been molded with the sides slanting inwardly and
downwardly so that molding technique does not limit the depth of
the grooves 8 at the bottom end thereof.
As shown in FIG. 2 partly by broken lines one can lay two diagonal
rows of stones 2 arranged with abutting corners so that between the
stones cavities are formed corresponding to the shape of the stones
4. Thereupon the stones 4 can be laid in said cavities whereby the
grooves 8 will be guided down along the projections 6. The laying
of the stones is facilitated by the fact that they have smaller
area at the underside than that left open at the upper side of the
four surrounding stones 2.
At its sides or ends the stone pavement can be terminated by a row
of curbstones 10 each having a length of several times the side
length of the stones. Said curbstones which are shown in FIG. 1 may
on the side facing the pavement be formed exactly corresponding to
the adjacent row of stones, but in that case joining of the
curbstones will require a horizontal movement in order that the
projections 6 of the stones shall engage into the corresponding
grooves in the curbstones. In order to make possible a vertical
laying the curbstones are preferably provided with grooves 12 which
break the upper surfaces of the curbstones so that not only the
stones 4, but also the stones 2 can be seated by a purely vertical
lowering movement. The curbstones may be provided with an upwardly
projecting portion 14 which forms a transitional member, e.g. to a
sidewalk.
In FIG. 4 a pavement corresponding to FIG. 1 is shown carried out
with hexagonal stones of which those designated 16 are provided
with corresponding grooves 22, cf. also FIGS. 5, 5a. It will appear
that in this arrangement wherein the grooves and the projections
are formed only on four sides of the stones, i.e. on two pairs of
diametrically opposite sides, a complete interlocking of the stones
is obtained, it being not even possible to pull the stone rows
apart. The conditions with regard to the tapered shape of the
stones and the method of laying the stones are similar to the
conditions described above. The same applies to the curbstones 24
shown in FIG. 6 which, however, need not be provided with grooves
if as shown in FIG. 4 it can terminate a stone row exclusively
consisting of stones 20 having grooves 22. Alternatively the
curbstone may be provided merely with throughgoing grooves or with
both grooves and projections according to where it is to form an
edge termination.
In FIGS. 7 and 8 an embodiment of two elongated interfitting stones
30 and 32 of a set is shown having a plurality of spaced
projections 34 and grooves 36, respectively, on the long sides
only. This embodiment enables the stones to be laid in a bond
pattern formed by staggered stones. As shown, the projections as
well as the grooves are provided instaggered relationship along the
two opposed stone sides whereby the bond pattern may be laid
without specific attention to the orientation of the stones.
FIG. 9 illustrates the preferred method of laying the stones 30 and
32, in which the upwardly tapered stones 30 are first laid in
parallel rows so spaced as to allow the downwardly tapered stones
32 to be laid between them in interfitting relationship. FIG. 9 is
representative also as a sectional view along the line IX--IX in
FIG. 1 with the stones 30 and 32 corresponding to the stones 2 and
4, respectively.
An illustrative example of a curved bond pattern is shown in FIG.
10. This pattern can be produced by means of stones such as 30 and
32 in combination with different types of wedge shaped stones, such
as those designated 40, 42, 44 and 46, all having the same radial
side length as the stones 30 and 32 and placed in radial rows in
which they have the same wedge angle, e.g. 15.degree. in some rows
and 7 1/2.degree. in other rows, these latter rows generally being
designated 48. The short end face of the innermost wedge stone has
the same length as the end faces of the rectangular stones 30 and
32, and the length of the longest end face of the outermost wedge
stone is twice that of said short end face.
Most of the rectangular stones in FIG. 10 marked with an X are male
stones as shown in FIG. 7 i.e. stones provided with protrusions 34,
whilst the rectangular stones marked with an O placed adjacent to a
row of X-stones are female stones i.e. stones having grooves 36 as
shown in FIG. 8, as are all of the wedge shaped stones. In this
manner it is possible to obtain an effective interlocking of the
stones in the curved system, though at some places it is
unavoidable that two female stones are laid together. If desired,
however, it is possible to lock two female stones together by means
of loose locking blocks placed between the adjacent grooves 36 of
said stones, as shown in dotted lines at 50 in FIG. 8.
The invention is not restricted to the particular embodiment shown
in the drawings. Thus, for example, the stones may have more
complex fundamental shapes than those shown, and it would even be
possible to let the upwardly tapered stones be provided with the
grooves (comparable to the spaces between the protrusions 34 in
FIG. 7) and the downwardly tapered stones with the protrusions, in
which case the front side of the protrusions should taper
downwardly and the bottom side of the grooves taper upwardly.
The wedge shaped protrusions and grooves need not extend entirely
up to the upper surface of the stones; they may terminate at a
stepped portion e.g. midways on the stone sides, as shown in dotted
lines at 52 in FIG. 9, and their front sides and bottom sides
respectively, may then have the same inclination as the adjacent
stone side. Besides, of course, in all cases also the lateral sides
of the protrusions and the grooves may taper upwardly or downwardly
according to the type of the stone, as shown in dotted lines at 54
in FIG. 8.
* * * * *