U.S. patent number 3,873,071 [Application Number 05/384,737] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-25 for ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kabushiki Kaisha Tatebe Seishudo. Invention is credited to Noriyasu Tatebe.
United States Patent |
3,873,071 |
Tatebe |
March 25, 1975 |
Ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus
Abstract
An apparatus for physically cleaning objects by using ultrasonic
waves which employs a unique arrangement of a cleaning liquid tub
and a plurality of ultrasonic wave oscillators. The arrangement is
such that the cleaning tub comprises two oppositely inclined bottom
walls in generally V-shaped cross-section, and the ultrasonic wave
oscillators are installed on one of the inclined bottom walls of
the cleaning liquid tub having a relatively smaller area than the
conventional flat bottom construction. By virtue of this
arrangement, the ultrasonic waves can be radiated much more
effectively leaving less dead space than in the conventional
construction, thus resulting in such advantageous features as
remarkable improvement of the radiation effects of ultrasonic waves
on the object to be cleaned and effective reduction of the number
of ultrasonic wave oscillators without sacrificing the ultrasonic
wave cleaning effect.
Inventors: |
Tatebe; Noriyasu (Tokyo,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Kabushiki Kaisha Tatebe
Seishudo (Tokyo-to, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
23518546 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/384,737 |
Filed: |
August 1, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
366/113; 134/184;
366/136 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61H
35/00 (20130101); A47K 7/00 (20130101); B08B
3/12 (20130101); A61L 2/025 (20130101); A61H
2205/065 (20130101); A61H 23/0245 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61H
35/00 (20060101); A61L 2/02 (20060101); A47K
7/00 (20060101); A61L 2/025 (20060101); B08B
3/12 (20060101); A61H 23/02 (20060101); B01f
011/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;259/72,DIG.41,DIG.42
;261/DIG.48 ;134/1,111,184 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hornsby; Harvey C.
Assistant Examiner: Cantor; Alan
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus including an open-top
cleaning liquid tub having a bottom of V-shaped cross section,
including a pair of first and second oppositely inclined bottom
walls, and ultrasonic wave oscillating means on said first bottom
wall to radiate ultrasonic waves into a cleaning liquid contained
in said tub:
an improvement wherein said second bottom wall is less inclined
with respect to the horizontal than said first bottom wall so as to
extend obliquely upwardly over a greater length than said first
bottom wall, said ultrasonic wave oscillating means being oriented
to radiate the ultrasonic waves obliquely upwardly along and
parallel to said second bottom wall, said tub being fully open
upwardly at the upper edge of the bottom walls.
2. An ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
further comprising means for injecting said cleaning liquid into
said cleaning liquid tub.
3. An ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 2,
further comprising means for sucking said cleaning liquid from
within said cleaning liquid tub and recirculating said liquid to
said injecting means.
4. An ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 3
wherein said sucking means includes liquid pumping means.
5. An ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 3,
further comprising change-over means disposed in said sucking and
recirculating means to selectively direct said cleaning liquid to
said cleaning liquid tub through said pump and said injecting
means, or to a drain.
6. An ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 2
wherein said injecting means includes means for directing the
cleaning liquid in a direction generally parallel with said
inclined bottom wall.
7. An ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 1
further comprising an auxiliary liquid tub adjoining said cleaning
liquid tub, and weir means between said tubs for overflowing of
said cleaning liquid from said cleaning liquid tub into said
auxiliary tub.
8. An ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
further comprising filter means adapted to filter said cleaning
liquid flowing out of said cleaning liquid tub.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to an art in the field of
physical cleaning and particularly to an ultrasonic wave cleaning
apparatus. More particularly, this invention is concerned with an
ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus of laterally inclined radiation
type which is adaptable for a medical bacteria-free cleaning
treatment to objects such as doctors' hands and medical instruments
to be cleaned prior to a surgical operation.
It has been well known to use ultrasonic waves for removing oils
and other contaminants off from instruments. For such a purpose,
conventional ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus have employed an
ultrasonic wave radiation system in which a plurality of ultrasonic
wave oscillators are arranged horizontally along a flat horizontal
bottom of a cleaning liquid chamber of the apparatus. With such an
arrangement of the ultrasonic wave oscillators, unless such wave
oscillators are provided in quantity in proportion to the area of
the bottom of the cleaning liquid chamber, substantial effect of
ultrasonic cleaning cannot be obtained as desired, and therefore,
it has been necessary with such conventional arrangement to dispose
a plurality of ultrasonic wave oscillators with appropriate spaces
between each other extensively throughout the whole bottom area of
the chamber.
When it is desired to have an incresed effect of ultrasonic
cleaning in the design of such apparatus, it has been a practice to
increase the number of ultrasonic wave oscillators to be provided
along the bottom area of the chamber. In this respect, the cost of
such oscillators per one cleaning apparatus inevitably became
considerably large, which cost sometimes amounted to almost a third
of the total price of the apparatus, thus resulting in a costly
apparatus, and this fact was an obstacle to extensive use of such
apparatus.
In addition, when such an apparatus of the conventional arrangement
is used for a hand-cleaning or a therapeutical treatment, an
effective ultrasonic wave cleaning performance is obtained with
respect to skin surfaces such as of the fingers, etc., as the
cleaning liquid is caused to positively pass into the surfaces of
such objects in an extremely short period.
However, it has been experienced that there is no substantial
effect obtained specially in the nailback portions of the fingers
which are most likely to be contaminated by bacteria and so much so
that the nailback portions should essentially be cleaned
bacteria-free in this particular application. This is because the
radiation of ultrasonic waves tends to be diffused at random due to
the horizontal arrangement of the ultrasonic wave oscillators on
the bottom of liquid chamber, and consequently, no substantial
ultrasonic wave cleaning effect is obtained in the nailback
portions of the fingers which require a strongly concentrated
radiation of ultrasonic waves for striking and removing the
contaminants lodged therein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore a primary object of this invention to provide an
ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus which is free from the above
mentioned drawbacks and which ensures an enhanced and improved
ultrasonic wave radiation effect.
According to this invention, there is provided an ultrasonic wave
cleaning apparatus including a plurality of ultrasonic wave
oscillating means on the wall of a cleaning liquid tub adapted for
radiating ultrasonic waves into the body of cleaning liquid
contained in the tub, the cleaning apparatus incorporating the
improvement comprising a bottom wall inclinedly extending upwardly
toward one side of the cleaning liquid tub and a plurality of
ultrasonic wave oscillating means arranged on the other side of the
tub, the ultrasonic wave oscillating means being mounted to radiate
beams of ultrasonic waves in an obliquely upward direction
generally parallel with the inclined bottom wall.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by
way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing in
which like parts are designated by like reference numerals.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partly in vertical section,
showing the interior arrangement of an ultrasonic wave cleaning
apparatus of inclined radiation type according to this invention,
and
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the accompanying drawing, there is shown a
cleaning tub 2 which defines a cleaning liquid chamber W. The
cleaning tub 2 has a bottom of V-shaped cross section which
comprises a laterally inclined bottom wall 2a and another
oppositely inclined bottom wall 2b ; as seen in FIG. 1 wall 2b has
a greater inclination with respect to the horizontal as compared to
that of wall 2a. Wall 2a thus has a greater length than wall 2b .
The inclined bottom wall 2a extends obliquely upwardly from the
bottom corner towards one lateral side of a casing 3. In an opening
provided in the inclined bottom wall 2b , there are provided a
plurality of ultrasonic wave oscillators 4 each of which has a high
frequency coil 4b wound around an iron core 4a so as to produce
ultrasonic waves as specified. This arrangement is specifically
designed for keeping to a minimum a dead space or area where there
is no substantial effect of ultrasonic waves radiated from the
ultrasonic wave oscillators 4 with respect to a cleaning liquid
contained in the cleaning liquid chamber W.
These ultrasonic wave oscillators 4 are, for instance, bonded in
position on a base plate 6 by using a suitable adhesive, and the
marginal portion of the base plate 6 is secured fluidtightly on the
sides 7 of the opening in the inclined bottom wall 2b of the
cleaning tub 2 by a plurality of screws 8 with a suitable packing
(not shown) therebetween. An auxiliary liquid chamber 9 is provided
for receiving therein the cleaning liquid overflowing from the
liquid chamber W when an object to be treated is immersed into the
liquid in the liquid chamber W, the auxiliary chamber 9 being
separated by a partition or weir 10 from the cleaning liquid
chamber W.
At the bottom of the auxiliary chamber 9, there is provided a
cleaning liquid drain hole 11 having therein a filter 11a , the
drain hole communicating with a three-way valve 13 through a pipe
12. One delivery port of the three-way valve 13 is connected to the
suction side of a pump 15 through a pipe 14, while the other
delivery port of the three-way valve 13 is connected to a drain
cock 18 through pipes 16 and 17.
On the other hand, a drain pipe 19 opening at the bottom of the
cleaning tub 2 is communicatively connected with the abovementioned
pipe 17. The delivery side of the pump 15 is connected through a
pipe 21 to cleaning liquid discharging outlets 22 which are formed
in the base plate 6 of the ultrasonic wave oscillations 4. There is
further provided a high frequency generator 20 at the bottom of the
casing 3. In the above described arrangement of the ultrasonic wave
cleaning apparatus, the cleaning tub 2 is filled with the cleaning
liquid.
In operation, an object to be treated or cleaned is immersed in the
cleaning liquid in the chamber W and a radio frequency current from
the ultrasonic wave generator 20 is applied to the oscillating
coils 4b of the ultrasonic wave oscillators 4, whereby ultrasonic
waves are radiated from the oscillators 4 disposed on the obliquely
inclined bottom wall 2b of the cleaning tub 2 in a variety of
directions with respect to the inclined bottom wall 2a of the
cleaning tub 2 as indicated by phantom arrows in FIG. 1, such as
more or less obliquely upwardly, in parallel, or more or less
obliquely downwardly with respect to the inclined bottom wall 2a of
the cleaning tub 2.
Among these ultrasonic waves, portions or beams of ultrasonic waves
radiated in relatively downward radiating directions so as to
collide at certain varied angles with the bottom wall 2a will be
reflected so as to be redirected into the body of the cleaning
liquid in the cleaning tub 2 according to the angles of incidence
to the wall 2a. Consequently, there occur a variety of irregular
reflections of ultrasonic waves on the inclined bottom wall 2a, and
this results in relatively uniformly distributed radiations of the
ultrasonic waves throughout the cleaning tub 2.
As a consequence of the above described radiating operation, there
is obtained a generally upward radiating effect of ultrasonic waves
with respect to the cleaning liquid in the cleaning tub 2, so that
the cleaning liquid is as a whole exposed to such radiation of
ultrasonic waves from the bottom portion towards the upper portion
thereof, and there remains only a small portion of the liquid
existing at the upper right side of the cleaning tub 2 as viewed in
FIG. 1 that is not well subjected to the radiation of ultrasonic
waves, whereby the object immersed in the cleaning liquid is
subjected to generally uniform radiating effects of ultrasonic
waves throughout almost all of the portions thereof. The best
cleaning effect is obtained particularly on the part of the object
which faces the inclined bottom wall 2a.
When the three-way valve 13 is changed over so as to connect the
pipe 12 with the pipe 14, and a motor M is operated to drive the
pump 15, the cleaning liquid is sucked by the pump 15 from within
the auxiliary liquid chamber 9 through the pipe 12 and then
delivered via the pipe 21 and the discharging outlets 22 back into
the liquid chamber W. An extra quantity of the cleaning liquid in
the cleaning liquid chamber W overflows into the auxiliary liquid
chamber 9, and the liquid is thus repeatedly recycled to the liquid
chamber W.
Since jet streams of the cleaning liquid are ejected out of the
discharging outlets 22 located at the bottom portion of the tub 2,
there is produced a recirculation flow or convection of the
cleaning liquid within the cleaning tub 2. The jet streams of the
cleaning liquid cause dislodging of the contaminants on the
surfaces of the object being treated in the cleaning tub 2. When
the surfaces of the object thus made free from contaminants are
further exposed to the abovementioned effects of ultrasonic waves,
a remarkably improved cleaning effect can be obtained.
The contaminants removed from the surfaces of the object are then
directed into the auxiliary liquid chamber 9, being entrained by
the cleaning liquid, and are finally trapped by the filter 11a in
the drain hole 11. Consequently, the cleaning liquid to be recycled
to the tub 2 is made free from contaminants.
In the practice of the cleaning apparatus of this invention, a
preferred frequency range of ultrasonic waves was found to be
between 20 and 38 KHz, and a preferred output range of ultrasonic
waves between 0.1 and 0.2 Watt/cm.sup.2.
From the results of breeding experiments on the staphylobacillus
and staphylococcus in the nailback portions of the human fingers by
using the ultrasonic cleaning apparatus of the conventional
horizontal bottom arrangement, it was found that the number of
colonies (quantitative unit of bacteria) increased from 98 colonies
up to 186 colonies, which was a considerably adverse effect due to
the use of such ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus. In contrast,
when the ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus of laterally inclined
oscillator arrangement according to this invention was used,
experiments under identical conditions in terms of the same
staphylobacillus and staphylococcus in the nailback portions of the
fingers produced a remarkable result in that the number of colonies
decreased from 205 to 0 with a single cleaning operation.
In summary, the ultrasonic wave cleaning apparatus according to
this invention has the following advantageous features. First, the
time required for the cleaning operation can be made remarkably
shorter than by the conventional arrangement, so much so that the
service life of the apparatus can be substantially prolonged.
Second, equal cleaning effect can be attained by applying only
about one-third output of ultrasonic waves in comparison with the
conventional arrangement, thus resulting in considerable savings in
economy. In addition, a substantial reduction in the number of
ultrasonic wave oscillators is accordingly possible while
maintaining equal cleaning performance, thus considerably
contributing to a further wider application of the ultrasonic wave
cleaning apparatus.
While this invention has been described above with respect to only
an application thereof to a handcleaning operation for doctors
prior to a surgical operation, this does not mean in any way a
limitation of this invention, but on the contrary, this invention
can likewise be applied to many other uses such as, for instance,
for cleaning medical devices and instruments by commonly using
special medical fluids.
* * * * *