U.S. patent number 3,872,825 [Application Number 05/385,936] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-25 for particle concentration detector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Xerox Corporation. Invention is credited to James R. Davidson.
United States Patent |
3,872,825 |
Davidson |
March 25, 1975 |
Particle concentration detector
Abstract
An apparatus in which a concentration of toner particles in a
mix of carrier granules and toner particles is detected permitting
the regulation thereof. A voltage gradient is impressed upon a
reflecting surface and a beam of light rays illuminates a portion
of the surface having a pre-selected potential thereon. The
intensity of the light rays reflected from the illuminated portion
is sensed and an electrical output signal generated. This
electrical output signal is a measure of the toner particles
deposited on the illuminated portion which indicates the
concentration of toner particles within the mix. The foregoing
abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in
the specification, nor is it intended to be limiting as to the
scope of the invention in any way.
Inventors: |
Davidson; James R. (Rochester,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Xerox Corporation (Stamford,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23523500 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/385,936 |
Filed: |
August 6, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
118/691; 356/445;
399/62 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/0855 (20130101); G03G 15/5041 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/08 (20060101); G03g 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;118/4,7,9,10,637
;117/17.5 ;355/3DD |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stein; Mervin
Assistant Examiner: Millstein; Leo
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Ralabate; J. J. Fleischer; H.
Green; C. A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus regulating toner particle concentration within a
mix of toner particles and carrier granules employed in a
development system arranged to deposit toner particles on an
image-bearing member, including:
reflecting means disposed to attract toner particles thereto from
the carrier granules of the mix;
means for biasing electrically said reflecting means to produce a
voltage pattern having a greater potential in a first region of
said reflecting means than in a second region thereof;
means for generating of a beam of light rays, said reflecting means
being in a light receiving relationship with the beam of light rays
so that a third region thereof having a preselected potential
intermediate the potential of the first region and second region is
illuminated by the beam of light rays; and
means for detecting the intensity of the light rays reflected from
said reflecting means, said detecting means producing an electrical
output signal indicative of the intensity of light ray reflected
from said reflecting means.
2. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, further including means,
responsive to the electrical output signal from said detecting
means, for dispensing toner particles into the mix of the
development system to maintain the concentration thereof at
substantially about the desired level.
3. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said reflecting
means includes:
insulating support means;
a pair of conductive layers mounted on said support means, one of
said pair of conductive layers being positioned in the first region
of said reflecting means and the other of said pair of conductive
layers being located in the second region thereof; and
a resistance layer mounted on said support means connecting
electrically said pair of conductive layers with one another.
4. An apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein said electrical
biasing means includes:
a first voltage source electrically coupled to said one of said
pair of conductive layers disposed in the first region of said
reflecting means; and
a second voltage source electrically coupled to said other of said
pair of conductive layers disposed in the second region of said
reflecting means, said second voltage source generating a greater
potential than the potential generated by said first voltage source
to create a current flow from said other of said pair of conductive
layers to said one of said pair of conductive layers forming a
potential pattern decreasing from the second region to the first
region of said reflecting means.
5. An apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the development
system includes magnetic means for depositing toner particles on
the image-bearing member, said magnetic means being electrically
biased to substantially the same potential as the potential
generated by said first voltage source.
6. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein:
said generating means includes a light source; and
said detecting means includes a photosensor positioned to receive
the light rays reflected from said reflecting means.
7. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said reflecting
means is mounted on the image-bearing member.
8. An electrophotographic printing machine of the type having a
photoconductive member, and a development system employing a mix of
carrier granules and toner particles, the toner particles being
adapted to be deposited on an electrostatic latent image recorded
on the photoconductive member, wherein the improvement
includes:
reflecting means disposed to attract toner particles thereto from
the carrier granules of the mix;
means for biasing electrically said reflecting means to produce a
voltage pattern having a greater potential in a first region of
said reflecting means than in a second region thereof;
means for generating a beam of light ray, said reflecting means
being in a light-receiving relationship with the beam of light rays
so that a third region thereof having a pre-selected potential
intermediate the potential of the first region and second region is
illuminated by the beam of light rays; and
means for detecting the intensity of the light rays reflected from
said reflecting means, said detecting means producing an electrical
output signal indicative of the intensity of light rays reflected
from said reflecting means.
9. A printing machine as recited in claim 8, further including
means, responsive to the electrical output signal from said
detecting means, for dispensing toner particles into the mix of the
development system to maintain the concentration thereof
substantially at the desired level.
10. A printing machine as recited in claim 8, wherein said
reflecting means includes:
insulating support means;
a pair of conductive layers mounted on said support means, one of
said pair of conductive layers being positioned in the first region
of said reflecting means and the other of said pair of conductive
layers being located in the second region thereof; and
a resistance layer mounted on said support means connecting
electrically said pair of conductive layers with one another.
11. A printing machine as recited in claim 10, wherein said
electrical biasing means includes:
a first voltage source electrically coupled to said one of said
pair of conductive layers positioned in the first region of said
reflecting means; and
a second voltage source electrically coupled to said other of said
pair of conductive layers disposed in the second region of said
reflecting means, said second voltage source generating a greater
potential than the potential generated by sid first voltage source
to create a current flow from said other of said pair of conductive
layers to said one of said pair of conductive layers forming a
potential pattern decreasing from the second region to the first
region of said reflecting means.
12. A printing machine as recited in claim 11, wherein the
development system includes magnetic means for depositing toner
particles on the electrostatic latent image recorded on the
photoconductive member, said magnetic means being electrically
biased to substantially the same potential as the potential
generated by said first voltage source.
13. A printing machine as recited in claim 8, wherein:
said generating means includes a light source; and
said detecting means includes a photosensor positioned to receive
the light rays reflected from said reflecting means.
14. A printing machine as recited in claim 8, wherein said
reflecting means is mounted on the photoconductive member.
15. An electrophotographic printing machine of the type having a
photoconductive member, and a development system employing a mix of
carrier granules and toner particles, the toner particles being
adapted to be deposited on an electrostatic latent image recorded
on the photoconductive member, wherein the improvement
includes:
means for forming on the photoconductive member a voltage gradient
having the potential in a first region greater than the potential
in a second region so as to attract toner particles thereto from
the carrier granules of the mix;
means for generating a beam of light rays, the voltage gradient
formed on the photoconductive member being in a light-receiving
relationship with the beam of light rays after toner particles are
deposited thereon so that a portion thereof having a pre-selected
potential intermediate the potential in the first region and the
potential in the second region is illuminated by the beam of light
rays; and
means for detecting the intensity of the light rays reflected from
the voltage gradient formed on the photoconductive member, said
detecting means producing an electrical output signal indicative of
the intensity of light rays reflected from the illuminated portion
of the voltage gradient formed on the photoconductive member.
16. A printing machine as recited in claim 15, further including
means, responsive to the electrical output signal from said
detecting means, for dispensing toner particles into the mix of the
development system to maintain the concentration thereof at
substantially about the desired level.
17. A printing machine as recited in claim 16, wherein the
development system includes magnetic means for depositing toner
particles on the voltage gradient formed on the photoconductive
member, said magnetic means being electrically biased to
substantially the same potential as the potential of the central
region of the voltage gradient formed on the photoconductive
member.
18. A printing machine as recited in claim 17, wherein:
said generating means includes a light source; and
said detecting means includes a photosensor positioned to receive
the light rays reflected from the sample electrostatic latent image
recorded on the photoconductive member.
19. A printing machine having a rotary journaled photoconductive
member as recited in claim 18, wherein said recording means
produces a sample electrostatic latent image having a voltage
gradient wherein the potential of the voltage gradient decreases in
the direction of rotation of the photoconductive member.
20. A printing machine as recited in claim 19, further including
means, responsive to the electrical output signal from said
detecting means, for dispensing toner particles into the mix of the
development system to maintain the concentration thereof at
substantially about the desired level.
21. A printing machine as recited in claim 20, wherein the
development system includes magnetic means for depositing toner
particles on the sample electrostatic latent image recorded on the
photoconductive member.
22. A printing machine as recited in claim 21, wherein:
said generating means includes a light source; and
said detecting means includes a photosensor positioned to receive
the light rays reflected from the sample electrostatic latent image
recorded on the photoconductive member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to a multi-color
electrophotographic printing machine, and more particularly
concerns an apparatus for regulating the concentration of toner
particles within a developer mix of carrier granules and toner
particles employed in the development system thereof.
The concentration of toner particles within the developer mix
directly affects the quality of reproduction created by the
multi-color electrophotographic printing machine. Toner particle
concentration relates directly to the characteristics of the
developed image. For example, the density and color balance of the
image may be affected by the concentration of toner particles
within the developer mix.
Various types of systems have been developed which add toner
particles to the developer mix. However, the majority of these
systems do not monitor the concentration of toner particles within
the mix. Recently, systems have been developed which detect the
concentration of toner particles within the mix and provide
additional toner particles thereto as required. Most of the
foregoing types of systems are directed to black and white printing
machines rather than multi-color printing machines.
A typical system utilized in a black and white printing machine is
disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 3,399,652 issued to Gawron in 1958.
Gawron describes a rotating disc positioned in a developer mix. The
disc is electrically biased to attract toner particles from the
mix. A light beam is reflected from the surface of the disc onto a
photoelectric unit. The intensity of the light rays striking the
photoelectric unit is an indication of the density of toner
particles deposited on the disc, which, in turn, corresponds to the
toner particle concentration within the developer mix.
Another system employed in a black and white electrophotographic
printing machine is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,094,049 issued to
Snelling in 1963. Snelling describes a plate having a conductive
film with a pattern inscribed thereon. The pattern is electrically
biased to attract toner particles thereto simulating an image being
developed. Light rays are transmitted through or reflected from the
toner particles to indicate the density of toner deposited thereon.
The density of toner particles adhering to the plate corresponds to
the concentration of toner particles within the developer mix.
However, the Snelling patent is directed primarily to edge
development and does not address the problem of extending this
technique to electroded or magnetic brush development wherein the
entire solid area is developed.
One system adapted for use in a multi-color electrophotographic
printing machine is described in co-pending application Ser. No.
213,056, filed in 1971, U.S. Pat. No. 3,754,821. As disclosed
therein, the apparatus includes a transparent electrode mounted on
the photoconductive member and adapted to attract electrostatically
toner particles thereto. A light source generates a beam of light
rays which are transmitted from the interior of the photoconductive
drum through the transparent electrode onto a photosensor. The
photosensor develops an electrical signal indicative of the density
of toner particles adhering to the transparent electrode. In the
foregoing system, light rays pass through the transparent electrode
rather than being reflected therefrom.
The problem of detecting toner particle concentration within a
development system having solid area capability is appreciably more
difficult than one wherein the system has only edge development
capability. In a solid area system, the light rays reflected from a
surface having toner particles deposited thereon may be totally cut
off by toner particles which are slightly separated from each
other. Thus, the deposition of additional toner particles will have
no effect in the light rays reflected therefrom. A detection system
of this type is highly sensitive to a low degree development as
compared to no development. However, it possesses little ability to
differentiate between varying higher degrees of development. This
type of system is effective for detecting edge development but has
little ability to determine toner concentration in solid area
development. In solid areas, the regulating apparatus may need to
distinguish between a density of 0.8 and one of 0.9. The intensity
of the light rays reflected from a toner powder image having a 0.8
density and a toner powder image having a 0.9 density would be
substantially identical, and the system may be incapable of
detecting a difference therebetween.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to
improve the apparatus used to regulate toner particle concentration
within a developer mix employed in a development system having
solid area capability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly stated, and in accordance with the present invention, there
is provided an apparatus for regulating the concentration of toner
particles in a mix of carrier granules and toner particles.
Pursuant to the present invention, reflecting means is disposed to
attract toner particles thereto from the carrier granules of the
mix. Means are provided for biasing electrically the reflecting
means to produce thereon a voltage pattern having a greater
potential in a first region than in a second region thereon.
Generating means produce a beam of light rays. The reflecting means
is in a light-receiving relationship so that a third region thereof
having a potential intermediate the potential of the first region
and second region is illuminated by the beam of light rays.
Detecting means measure the intensity of the light rays reflected
from the reflecting means. The detecting means produce an
electrical output signal indicative of the density of toner
particles deposited on the illuminated portion of the reflecting
means.
Further in accordance with the present invention, an alternate
embodiment thereof utilizes means for recording a sample
electrostatic latent image on a photoconductive member of an
electrophotographic printing machine. A voltage gradient is
impressed on the sample electrostatic latent image such that the
potential thereof decreases from a first potential to a second
potential. As previously described, generating means produce a beam
of light rays. The light rays illuminate a portion of the sample
electrostatic latent image having a pre-selected potential
intermediate the first and second potential. The intensity of the
light rays reflected from the illuminated portion of the sample
electrostatic latent image is detected. An electrical output signal
is generated indicative of the density of toner particles deposited
on the illuminated portion of the sample electrostatic latent
image.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon
reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a multi-color
electrophotographic printing machine having the features of the
present invention therein;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the regulating apparatus of
the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the reflecting means employed in
the FIG. 2 regulatory apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary plan view of the reflecting means and
electrical biasing employed in the FIG. 2 regulating apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the development system used in
the FIG. 1 printing machine; and
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the modification required in the
FIG. 1 printing machine to produce a sample electrostatic latent
image.
While the present invention will be described in connection with a
preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that it is not
intended to limit the invention to that embodiment. On the
contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications
and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of
the invention as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With continued reference to the drawings wherein like reference
numerals have been used throughout to indicate like elements, FIG.
1 depicts a multi-color electrophotographic printing machine in
which the present invention may be incorporated. The various
components of the multi-color printing machine are illustrated
schematically in FIG. 1. Although the regulating apparatus of the
present invention is particularly well adapted for use in this type
of an electrophotographic printing machine, it should become
evident from the following discussion that it is equally
well-suited for use in a wide variety of electrostatographic
printing machines, and is not necessarily limited in its use to the
particular embodiment shown herein.
Turning now to FIG. 1, the electrophotographic printing maching
depicted therein employs an image-bearing member comprising a drum
10 having a photoconductive surface 12 secured to the exterior
circumferential surface thereof. Drum 10 is mounted rotatably of
the machine frame and driven at a substantially constant angular
velocity, in the direction of arrow 14, by a drive motor (not
shown). One type of suitable photoconductive material is disclosed
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,655,377 issued to Sechak in 1972. A series of
processing stations are disposed about the periphery of drum 10
such that as it rotates in the direction of arrow 14,
photoconductive surface 12 passes sequentially therethrough. The
drive motor rotates drum 10 at a predetermined speed relative to
the other operating mechanisms of the printing machine. A timing
disc mounted in the region of one end of the shaft of drum 10
cooperates with the machine logic to synchronize the various
operations with the rotation of drum 10. In this manner, the proper
sequence of events is produced at the respective processing
stations.
First, drum 10 rotates photoconductive surface 12 through charging
station A. At charging station A, a corona generating device,
indicated generally at 16, extends longitudinally in a transverse
direction across photoconductive surface 12. The corona-generating
device 16 produces a spray of ions for charging photoconductive
surface 12 to a substantially uniform potential. U.S. Pat. No.
2,778,946 issued to Mayo in 1957 describes a suitable corona
generating device of the type which may be utilized herein.
Thereafter, drum 10 rotates the charged photoconductive surface to
exposure station B. At exposure station B, a color-filtered light
image of original document 18 is projected onto charged
photoconductive surface 12. Exposure station B includes a moving
lens system, generally designated by the reference numeral 20, and
a color filter mechanism indicated generally as 22. As shown in
FIG. 1, original document 18, such as a sheet of paper, book or the
like, is placed face down upon transparent viewing platen 24. Lamp
assembly 26, lens system 18 and filter mechanism 20 are moved in a
timed relation with drum 10 to scan successive longitudinally
extending incremental areas of original document 18 disposed upon
platen 24. In this manner, a flowing light image of original
document 18 is projected onto charged photoconductive surface 12.
During exposure, filter mechanism 22 interposes selected color
filters into the optical light path of lens 20. The filter operates
on the light rays passing through lens 20 to record an
electrostatic latent image on photoconductive surface 12
corresponding to a pre-selected spectral region of the
electromagnetic wave spectrum, hereinafter referred to as a single
color electrostatic latent image. A suitable moving lens system is
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,062,108 issued to Mayo in 1962.
After the single color electrostatic latent image is recorded on
photoconductive surface 12, drum 10 rotates to development station
C. Development station C includes three individual developer units
generally indicated by the reference numerals 28, 30, and 32,
respectively. The developer units are all of a type referred to in
the art as "magnetic brush developer units." In a magnetic brush
developer unit, a magnetizable developer mix having carrier
granules and toner particles is continually brought through a
directional flux field to form a brush of developer material. The
developer mix is continually moving to provide fresh developer mix
to the brush. Preferably, the magnetic brush system comprises a
magnetic member with a mass of developer mix adhered thereto by
magnetic attraction. The developer mix includes carrier granules
having toner particles clinging thereto by triboelectric
attraction. This chain-like arrangement of developer mix simulates
the fibers of a brush. Development is achieved by bringing the
brush of developer mix into contact with the electrostatic latent
image recorded on photoconductive surface 12. Each of the developer
units 28, 30, and 32, respectively, apply toner particles to the
electrostatic latent image recorded on photoconductive surface 12
which is adapted to absorb light within a pre-selected spectral
region of the electromagnetic wave spectrum corresponding to the
wavelength of light transmitted through filter 22. For example, a
latent image formed by passing the light image through a green
filter will record the red and blue portions of the spectrum as
areas of relatively high charge density on photoconductive surface
12, while the green light waves will pass through the filter and
cause the charge density on photoconductive surface 12 to be
reduced to a voltage level ineffective for development. The charged
areas are then made visible by applying green absorbing "magenta"
toner particles to the latent image recorded on photoconductive
surface 12. Similarly, a blue separation is developed with blue
absorbing "yellow" toner particles, while the red separation is
developed with red absorbing "cyan" toner particles. The
development system will be further described with reference to FIG.
5.
Pursuant to the present invention, additional toner particles are
added to the respective developer mixes when the concentration
thereof is reduced beneath a specified level. The toner particle
concentration is determined by the regulating apparatus of the
present invention, indicated generally at 34. Regulating apparatus
34 includes reflecting means, indicated generally at 36, mounted on
photoconductive surface 12 of drum 10 in the non-image area
thereof. Generating means or light source 38, illuminates a portion
of reflecting means 36. The light rays reflected from reflecting
means 36 are detected by detecting means or photosensor 40. As the
electrostatic latent image recorded on photoconductive surface 12
is developed, toner particles are deposited on reflecting means 36.
The intensity of the light rays reflected from reflecting means 36
in the illuminated area is indicative of the density of toner
particles deposited thereon. Photosensor 40 is positioned in a
light receiving relationship with the light rays reflected from
reflecting means 36. In this way, the density of toner particles
deposited on reflecting means 36 is sensed by photosensor 40 and
the electrical output therefrom corresponds thereto. It should be
noted that the density of the toner particles deposited on
reflecting means 36 is indicative of the concentration of toner
particles within the developer mix. The detailed structural
configuration of regulating apparatus 34 will be described
hereinafter in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 2 through 4,
inclusive.
Continuing now with the description of the various processing
stations employed in the multi-color electrophotographic printing
machine of FIG. 1, after development, drum 10 rotates
photoconductive surface 12 to transfer station D. At transfer
station D, the toner powder image adhering electrostatically to
photoconductive surface 12 is transferred to a sheet of support
material 42. Final support material 42 may be, amongst others,
plain paper or a sheet of polysulfone thermoplastic material. A
transfer roll, shown generally at 44, secures support material 42
releasably thereto for movement therewith in a recirculating path.
Transfer roll 44 rotates in the direction of arrow 40, in
synchronism with drum 10 (in this case at substantially the same
angular velocity). Transfer roll 44 is biased electrically to a
potential having sufficient magnitude and the proper polarity to
attract electrostatically toner particles from the latent image
recorded on photoconductive surface 12 to support material 42. A
suitable electrically biased transfer roll is described in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,612,677 issued to Langdon et al. in 1971. Transfer roll
44 includes a recess therein arranged to prevent contact with the
toner particles deposited on reflecting means 36. Thus, the toner
particles deposited thereon are not disturbed by the transfer
process and represent a true indication of the toner particle
concentration within the developer mix.
After a plurality of toner powder images have been transferred from
photoconductive surface 12 to support material 42, support material
42 is separated from the surface of transfer roll 44 and advanced
to a fusing station (not shown). At the fusing station, the toner
powder image is permanently affixed to support material 42. One
type of suitable fuser is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,498,592
issued to Moser, et al. in 1970. After the fusing process, support
material 42 is advanced by a plurality of endless belt conveyors
(not shown) to a catch tray (not shown) for subsequent removal
therefrom by the machine operator.
Although a preponderance of toner particles are transferred to
support material 42, invariably some residual toner particles
remain on photoconductive surface 12 after the transfer of the
toner powder image to support material 42. These residual toner
particles are removed from photoconductive surface 12 as it passes
through cleaning station E. At cleaning station E, the residual
toner particles are initially brought under the influence of
cleaning corona generating device (not shown) adapted to neutralize
the remaining electrostatic charge on photoconductive surface 12
and the residual toner particles. Thereafter, the neutralized toner
particles are cleaned from photoconductive surface 12 by a rotating
fibrous brush 48. Brush 48 is positioned in contact with
photoconductive surface 12. One type of suitable brush cleaning
device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,590,412 issued to Gerbasi in
1971.
It is believed that the foregoing description is sufficient for
purposes of the present application to illustrate the general
operation of the multi-color electrophotographic printing machine
embodying the teachings of the present invention therein.
Referring now to the specific subject matter of the present
invention, FIG. 2 illustrates in a plan view the detailed
construction of regulating apparatus 34. As hereinbefore indicated,
regulating apparatus 34 includes reflecting means 36, light source
38 and photosensor 40. In addition, each of the developer units 28,
30, and 32, respectively, have a corresponding toner particle
storage container associated therewith. As shown in FIG. 2, light
source 38 produces a beam of light rays which are reflected from
reflecting means 36 to photosensor 40. Reflecting means 36 is
located on a non-image portion of photoconductive surface 12. As
reflecting means 36 passes through the development zone, toner
particles are attracted thereto. Light source 38 illuminates a
portion of reflecting means 36, reflecting means 36 having a
voltage gradient thereacross.
Turning now to the specific structural configuration of reflecting
means 36, reflecting means 36 includes a plurality of conductive
layers 50, 52, and 54, respectively. Conductive layers 50, 52, and
54 are spaced from one another and electrically coupled to one
another by resistance layers 56 and 58. The entire assembly is
secured to insulating layer 60. Resistance layer 56 and 58 are
reflective and adapted to reflect the light rays from light source
38 to photosensor 40.
As shown in FIG. 3, conductive layers 50 and 52 are disposed in the
marginal regions of reflecting means 36 while conductive layer 54
is disposed in the central portion thereof. By way of example,
insulating support means 60 may be an epoxy coated glass member.
Conductive layers 52, 54, and 56 may be aluminum evaporated onto
insulating support 60. Resistance layer 56 and 58 are an
electrically resistant coating secured to insulating layer 60.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown the electrical biasing
circuitry for reflecting means 36. As shown therein a high voltage
source 62 is connected to conductive layers 50 and 52. A low
voltage source 64 is connected to conductive layer 54. In
operation, voltage source 64 may be adjusted to apply the same
voltage to conductive layer 54 as is applied to the magnetic brush
development system. For example, the developer bias may be about
500 volts. Under these circumstances power supply 64 would be
similarly adjusted to about 500 volts. Contrawise high voltage
source of power supply 62 would be adjusted to a substantially
higher value, for example, about 900 volts. In this manner, a
current flow is developed in resistance layers 56 and 58 to produce
a voltage gradient decreasing inwardly from conductive layers 50
and 52 to conductive layer 54. Light source 38 is adapted to
illuminate a selected region of resistance layer 56 or resistance
layer 58 having a selected voltage value. By way of example, light
source 38 may illuminate a region of resistance layer 56 having a
voltage of about 750 volts. Toner particles will be attracted from
the magnetic brush system to the regions of resistance layers 56
and 58 having a potential greater than the magnetic brush
potential. However, the amount of toner concentration of toner
particles within the developer mix will determine the amount of
toner particles attracted thereto. Thus, for example, if few toner
particles are attracted to the region being illuminated by light
source 36 i.e., the portion of resistance layer 56 having a
potential of about 750 volts, toner concentration within the
developer mix is too low and additional toner particles have to be
added thereto from the toner particle storage container. However,
if relatively many toner particles are deposited on the illuminated
area, toner particle concentration within the developer mix is
satisfactory and no toner particles need be added to the developer
mix. Thus, the circuit arrangement in conjunction with the
reflecting means 36 is an ON/OFF type of controller, wherein the
deposition of toner particles on the illuminated region prevents
the addition of toner particles to the developer mix. Contrawise,
the absence of toner particles from the illuminated region
indicates that toner particles must be added to the developer mix.
It is evident that the biasing voltage applied to reflecting means
36 may be suitably adjusted merely by adjusting the respective
power supplies 62 and 64. In this manner, a variable voltage
gradient may be produced on resistance layers 56 and 58 to produce
the desired voltage pattern. In operation, it is preferred that the
system operate such that when toner particles are deposited on the
illuminated portion of the reflecting means, no additional toner
particles are required in the development mix; whereas when no
toner particles are deposited in the illuminated portion,
additional toner particles are required in the developer mix.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown developer units 28, 30, and
32 respectively in detail. Power supply 65 regulates the electrical
potential applied to the respective developer rolls 68, 70, and 72.
As hereinbefore described, power supply 64 (FIG. 4) electrically
biasing resistance element 54 is adjustable so as to substantially
match the electrical biasing potential applied to developer rolls
68, 70, and 72 by power supply 65. If desired, power supply 64 and
power supply 65 may be a common power supply rather than two
separate powers supplies. Each of the developer units 28, 30, and
32 are substantially identical, therefore, only development unit 28
will be briefly described hereinafter. The developer mix is carried
from the sump of developer unit 28 by a paddle wheel (not shown) to
a transport roll (not shown) and then to developer roll 68 which is
positioned closely adjacent to photoconductive surface 12 of drum
10. Developer roll 68 includes a non-magnetic tubular member,
preferably made from aluminum having an irregular or roughened
exterior surface. The tubular member is journaled for rotation by
suitable means such as ball bearing mounts. A shaft made preferably
of steel is concentrically mounted within the tubular member and
serves as a fixed mounting for magnets. The magnets are barium
ferrite in the form of angular rings and arranged with five poles
on about a 284.degree. arc about the steel shaft. The developer mix
is brought into contact with the developer roll which in turn moves
it into contact with the electrostatic latent image recorded on
photoconductive surface 12 and recording means 36. Toner particles
are attracted to recording means 36 from the carrier granules
attached magnetically to developer roll 68.
Each of the developer units 28, 30, and 32, respectively, have a
corresponding toner particles storage container associated
therewith. The toner particle storage container has a supply of
toner particles having discrete colors to form a reservoir thereof
for the appropriate developer unit. By way of example, the toner
particle storage container for developer unit 28 has cyan toner
particles, that of developer unit 30, magenta toner particles, and
that of developer unit 32 yellow toner particles. Each of the toner
particle storage containers include perforations therein adapted to
meter therefrom a specified quantity of the selected toner
particles to the corresponding developer unit. A suitable
oscillator motor vibrates the appropriate toner particle storage
container to dispense toner particles therefrom. The toner
particles pass through the perforations in the container to the
corresponding developer unit. Regulating apparatus 34 actuates the
oscillator motor to control the dispensing of toner particles from
each of the toner particle storage containers to the respective
developer unit.
By way of example, suitable logic circuitry processes the
electrical output signal from photosensor 40. The logic circuitry,
preferably, includes a suitable discriminator circuit arranged to
compare a reference with the electrical output signal from
photosensor 40. The discriminator circuit may utilize a silicon
control switch which turns on and effectively locks in after an
electrical output signal having a magnitude greater than the
reference is obtained. The signal from the discriminator circuit
changes the state of the flip-flop to develop an output signal
therefrom. The output signal from the flip-flop, in conjunction
with an output signal from the appropriate developer unit actuates
an AND gate which, in turn, transmits a control signal to the
oscillator motor of the toner particle storage container housing
the toner particles corresponding to the developer unit generating
the output signal to the AND gate. The control signal also resets
the flip-flop. This type of logic circuitry is on/off. Thus, when
the intensity of the light rays reflected from the illuminated
portion of reflecting means 36 is diminished due to toner particles
being deposited thereon, electrical output signal from photosensor
40 is reduced. When the electrical output signal from photosensor
40 is reduced beneath the preselected reference, the oscillator
motor of the appropriate toner particle storage housing is
de-energized preventing the dispensing of toner particles
therefrom. Contrawise, when no toner particles are deposited on the
illuminated region of reflecting means 36, the intensity of the
light rays reflected therefrom is not diminished and the electrical
output signal from photosensor 40 is greater than the reference.
Under these circumstances, the appropriate oscillator motor of the
respective toner particle storage container is energized dispensing
toner particles therefrom into the developer mix. Thus, the toner
particle concentration within each of the respective developer
mixes may be adjusted independently and relative to one
another.
An alternate embodiment to the previously discussed apparatus
utilizes a sample electrostatic latent image recorded on
photoconductive surface 12. The sample electrostatic latent image
has a voltage gradient thereon rather than on reflecting means 36
hereinbefore described. FIG. 6 illustrates a modification to the
multicolor electrophotographic printing machine described in FIG. 1
which enables a sample electrostatic latent image to be recorded on
photoconductive surface 12. As shown in FIG. 6, a disc 66 having a
plurality of variable density samples (in this case three) disposed
thereon is mounted rotatably beneath transparent platen 24. Disc 66
is mounted rotatably in the printing machine and is positioned
beneath transparent platen 24 within the half angle of the optical
system. Before Lamps 26 begin to scan, they are actuated to
illuminate one of the variable density samples. In this manner, a
sample electrostatic latent image is recorded on photoconductive
surface 12 as drum 10 rotates. Lamps 26 are stationary and the
appropriate filter is positioned in filter 22 forming a sample
electrostatic latent image on photoconductive surface 12 which is a
discharged strip having the desired potential gradient thereon.
Preferably, disc 66 includes three equally spaced variable density
samples located about the periphery thereof. Sample 68 is a
variable density sample for a green separation, sample 70 is a
variable density sample for red separation and sample 72 is a
variable density sample for the blue separation. Each of the
variable samples has a color gradient thereacross so that the
intensity of the light reflected therefrom varies across the
variable density sample. Thus, the intensity of the light
irradiating charged photoconductive surface 12 will vary to
discharge photoconductive surface 12 in accordance therewith.
Preferably, the voltage gradient produced on photoconductive
surface 12 decreases in the direction of rotation of drum 10 as
indicated by arrow 14. Thus, toner particles are attracted to the
areas of the sample electrostatic latent image having a greater
charge than the magnetic brush developer bias. Once again, toner
particles are attracted to the sample electrostatic latent image
forming a toner powder gradient thereon. As drum 10 rotates, light
source 38 illuminates the developed sample electrostatic latent
image. The intensity of the light rays reflected therefrom is
continually detected by photosensor 40. The electrical output
signal from photosensor 40 is compared with the reference. Hence,
the electrical output signal from photosensor 40 increases as a
function of time. The time interval required for the electrical
output signal from photosensor 40 to exceed a selected reference is
monitored. If this time interval exceeds a pre-selected time
reference, toner particles are not added to the developer unit,
whereas if the time interval is less than the pre-selected time
reference, toner particles are added to the developer unit.
In recapitulation, a regulating apparatus has been disclosed
wherein a reflecting means having a voltage gradient thereon is
mounted on a photoconductive surface to attract toner particles
thereto. Moreover, an alternate embodiment utilizes a sample
electrostatic latent image having a voltage gradient thereon. In
both of the foregoing instances, the density of the toner particles
attracted thereto is dependent upon the voltage of either the
reflecting means or the sample electrostatic latent image. A light
source illuminates the reflecting means or sample electrostatic
latent image and the intensity of the light rays reflected
therefrom is detected by a photosensor. Suitable circuitry is
associated with the photosensor to develop an electrical output
signal arranged to energize the appropriate toner particle storage
container to dispense toner particles therefrom. The toner
particles replenish the depleted supply thereof in the respective
developer mix. In this way, the toner particle concentration within
the developer mix is maintained substantially constant to insure
that the density and color balance off the multicolor reproduction
is substantially optimized.
It is, therefore, evident that there has been provided, in
accordance with the present invention an apparatus for regulating
the concentration of toner particles within a developer mix
employed in a development system of a multi-color
electrophotographic printing machine that fully satisfies the
objects, aims, and advantages set forth above. While this invention
has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments
thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and
variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all alternatives,
modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad
scope of the appended claims.
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