U.S. patent number 3,872,277 [Application Number 05/387,244] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-18 for switch in half-wave rectifier circuit.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Matsushita Electric Industrial., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Tokihide Niu.
United States Patent |
3,872,277 |
Niu |
March 18, 1975 |
SWITCH IN HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT
Abstract
An electronic oven is provided in which the interruption of an
output is controlled by interrupting the current passing in a
magnetron of a high voltage circuit.
Inventors: |
Niu; Tokihide (Takatsuki,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Matsushita Electric Industrial.,
Ltd. (Osaka, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
26421509 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/387,244 |
Filed: |
August 10, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Aug 11, 1972 [JA] |
|
|
47-80513 |
Aug 12, 1972 [JA] |
|
|
47-80953 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/715; 219/718;
219/721 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
6/666 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05B
6/66 (20060101); H05B 6/68 (20060101); H05b
009/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/10.55 ;331/86
;317/21,47 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reynolds; Bruce A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stevens, Davis, Miller &
Mosher
Claims
1. In an electronic oven, a circuit comprising:
a. a transformer having primary and secondary windings, said
primary winding being coupled to a power source,
b. a magnetron including a heater, a cathode and an anode, said
anode being connected to a first terminal of the secondary winding
of said transformer,
c. a capacitor connected between a second terminal of said
secondary winding and the cathode of said magnetron,
d. a rectifier having an anode and a cathode,
e. a high voltage-control switch connected in series with said
rectifier, said series-connected high voltage-control switch and
rectifier being connected across the cathode and anode of said
magnetron, the polarity of said rectifier being such that current
is conducted from the connection of said series-connected circuit
to the cathode of said magnetron to the connection of said circuit
to the anode of said magnetron, and
f. means operating said high voltage-control switch to open said
rectifier circuit during a first predetermined time interval and
close said rectifier circuit during a second predetermined time
interval while said electronic oven is being used for cooking, said
magnetron oscillating when said voltage-control switch is closed
and not oscillating when said
2. A circuit defined by claim 1 wherein said high voltage-control
switch is
3. The circuit defined by claim 1 wherein said transformer is
provided with a second secondary winding and the heater of said
magnetron is coupled
4. In an electronic oven, a circuit comprising:
a. a transformer having primary and secondary windings, said
primary winding being coupled to a power source,
b. a magnetron including a heater, a cathode and an anode, said
anode being connected to a first terminal of the secondary winding
of said transformer,
c. a capacitor having one end connected to a second terminal of the
secondary winding of said transformer,
d. a rectifier having an anode and a cathode, the anode of said
rectifier being connected to the other end of said capacitor and
the cathode of said rectifier being connected to the anode of said
magnetron,
e. a high voltage-control switch connected between the
capacitor-rectifier junction and the cathode of said magnetron,
and
f. means operating said high voltage-control switch to connect said
rectifier across the cathode and anode of said magnetron during a
first predetermined time interval and disconnect said rectifier
during a second predetermined time interval while said electronic
oven is being used for cooking, said magnetron oscillating when
said voltage-control switch is
5. The circuit defined by claim 4 wherein said transformer is
provided with a second secondary winding and the heater of said
magnetron is coupled across said second secondary winding.
Description
The present invention relates to an electronic oven which is
adapted to prevent detrimental effects of a magnetron on other
electric equipment during operation of said magnetron.
Cooking systems, such as electronic ovens, in which are utilized
induction heating by microwave, have the advantageous feature that
foodstuffs can be heated quickly in a short period of time, but on
the other hand, had the disadvantage that the heating was so rapid
that the interior of the foodstuffs become scorched before the
surfaces thereof were sufficiently heated or frozen foodstuffs were
heated locally during thawing of said frozen foodstuffs and uneven
thawing resulted. In order to obviate such disadvantage, in
conventional electronic ovens has been employed a method in which
the microwave output of the magnetron is reduced according to the
type of the foodstuff to be processed, but this method impairs the
meritorious feature, i.e., quick heating of foodstuffs, which is
the primary purpose of electronic ovens. There has also been
employed a method in which the output of the magnetron is
interrupted intermittently by an intermittently operative switch or
a control switch, such as a semiconductor switching element,
provided on the primary side (low voltage side) of a high voltage
transformer through which high voltage is supplied to the
magnetron, as described, for example, in Japanese Patent
Publication No. 16955/68 (Publication Date July 17, 1968) and its
Japanese Patent Application No. 44781/65 (Application Date July 23,
1965). In electronic ovens employing this method, the magnetron is
actuated when a voltage higher than the output voltage of the
magnetron is impressed on the secondary side (high voltage side) of
the transformer through the control switch, but at the operation of
the switch both the exciting surge current and load surge current
of the transformer (occasionally amounting to almost 10 times the
normal current) passes in the magnetron. Therefore, a switch of
high current capacity has been required in consideration of the
operational reliability of the switch and also voltage drops have
occurred at the location of the wiring where the current capacity
is small due to the surge current, imposing detrimental effects on
the other electric equipment. Furthermore, in thawing frozen
foodstuffs, when radiation energy is applied to the frozen
foodstuff continuously from the magnetron as the ice and water
dielectric loss changes, the thawed part (water) is locally heated
with the result that uneven heating occurs. In order to avoid the
uneven heating, there has been employed a method in which the
oscillation and stoppage of the magnetron are repeated frequently
and the oscillation of the magnetron is stopped temporarily until
the foodstuff to be thawed is heated substantially uniformly by
heat conduction. Such method, however, aggravates the
above-described problem of surge current, and calls for an
additional transformer solely for a heater to heat the cathode of
the magnetron since the cathode of the magnetron must be kept
heated for effecting oscillation of the magnetron.
The output control system for electronic ovens according to the
present invention aims to eliminate such conventional
disadvantages, to reduce the surge current occurring at the start
of oscillation of the magnetron, and particularly to enhance the
reliability of the magnetron in its repeated operations of
oscillation and stoppage and thereby to minimize the influence on
other electric equipment.
According to the present invention, a high voltage-control switch
is provided in the high voltage circuit, whereby the surge current
is reduced and the useful life of the high voltage-control switch
is prolonged with high operational reliability, and positive
oscillation and stoppage of the magnetron can be obtained. Further,
it becomes possible to incorporate the transformer for the heater
to heat the cathode of the magnetron in the main transformer.
Therefore, the system of the invention as compared with the
conventional one comprising an additional transformer is simple in
construction and can be provided at a low cost, and is of great
industrial advantage.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention
will be apparent form the following description takes in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1 and 2 show the circuit diagram of embodiments of the
electronic oven according to the present invention
respectively;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are the waveform diagrams during oscillation and
stoppage of the magnetron when the electronic ovens of FIGS. 1 and
2 are in use; and
FIG. 5 shows the waveforms of the currents passing in various
portions of the high voltage circuit of the electronic oven.
The construction of the electronic oven according to the invention
will be described by way of example hereunder with reference to the
drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings respectively show
embodiments of the electronic oven of the invention. In the
embodiment of FIG. 1, a high voltage-control switch is inserted in
a half-wave doubled voltage rectification circuit in the high
voltage circuit of the electronic oven. In FIG. 1, terminals a-a'
are connected to an A.C. power source and, when a power switch 1 is
closed, the normal voltage is applied to the primary side (b-b') of
a transformer 2. The secondary side of the transformer 2 is
provided with terminals c-c' for generating the normal voltage
necessary for energizing a heater for heating the cathode electrode
of a magnetron 3 (said terminals c-c' being connected to a
magnetron cathode heater circuit), and terminals d-d' for supplying
the normal voltage to a half-wave doubled voltage rectification
circuit to generate a high voltage necessary for causing
oscillation of the magnetron 3. The terminal d' is connected to the
anode electrode of the magnetron 3 and maintained at ground
potential.
On the other hand, the terminal d is connected to a terminal e' of
a capacitor 4 and the other terminal e of said capacitor 4 is
connected to both a terminal f' of a rectifier 5 and the magnetron
cathode heater circuit. The other terminal f of the rectifier 5 is
connected to a terminal g' of a high voltage-control switch 6 and
the other terminal g of said switch 6 is connected to the anode of
the magnetron 3.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the high voltage-control switch is
inserted in the magnetron circuit in the high voltage circuit of
the electronic oven. In FIG. 2, the terminals a-a' are connected to
the A.C. power source and, when the power switch 1 is closed, the
normal voltage is applied to the primary side (b-b') of the
transfromer 2. The secondary side of the transformer 2 is provided
with terminals c-c' for generating the normal voltage necessary for
energizing the heater for heating the cathode electrode of the
magnetron 3 (said terminals c-c' being connected to a magnetron
cathode heater circuit), and the terminals d-d' for supplying the
normal voltage to the half-wave doubled voltage rectification
circuit to generate the high voltage necessary for causing
oscillation of the magnetron 3. The terminal d' is connected to the
anode electrode of the magnetron 3 and maintained at ground
potential.
On the other hand, the other terminal d is connected to the
terminal e' of the capacitor 4 and the other terminal e of said
capacitor 4 is connected to the terminal g' of the high
voltage-control switch 6 and a terminal f of a diode 5. The other
terminal g of the high voltage-control switch 6 is connected to the
magnetron cathode heater circuit and the other terminal of the
diode 5 is connected to the anode of the magnetron 3.
For the high voltage-control switch 6 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a
vacuum switch is suitably used and a vacuum switch of the reed
switch type is particularly effectively used since it can be
constructed in a small size. The reed switch type vacuum switch is
highly resistive to voltage and highly reliable in a vacuum (higher
than 10.sup.-.sup.3 mmHg) and a contact separation of about 0.3 -
1.0 mm is sufficient at a voltage (several KV) for the intermittent
oscillation and stopping operation of the magnetron, so that the
switch becomes small in size. Further, the contact surfaces lie in
vacuum and, therefore, are always clean providing for stable
contact. Furthermore, the operation of the reed switch type vacuum
switch does not call for a large iron core (plunger, yoke) as does
an electromagnetic relay having contacts exposed in the atmosphere
and, therefore, it operates with extremely low noise and a simple
driving solenoid is sufficient for its operation. It can be
operated by a permanent magnet. Thus, the use of the reed switch
type vacuum switch is advantageous in rendering the entire system
simple, small in size and highly reliable.
As an example, the operation of the high voltage-control switch 6
by a driving solenoid will be described. In this case, the switch 6
operates when a contact 8 operative in response to a signal from a
timer 7 is closed and an exciting current passes in a driving
solenoid 10 connected to a rectified power source 9. The waveform
of the signal from the timer 7 is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is
the case when the magnetron oscillates continuously for a period
t.sub.O and FIG. 4 is the case when the magnetron oscillates for a
period t.sub.1 and stops for a period t.sub.2 repeatedly.
The operation of the electronic oven according to the invention
will be described hereunder: First of all, the source current (A.C.
current) is supplied by closing the power switch 1 and the normal
voltages are impressed on terminals c-c' and d-d' of the
transformer 2, whereby the magnetron cathode heater is energized.
Thereafter the respective portions of the electronic oven operate
as follows:
Namely, in FIG. 1, when the high voltage-control switch 6 is in its
open position, a voltage equal to the voltage across d-d' is
impressed across the cathode and anode of the magnetron 3. The
voltage across d-d' is set at a value at which the magnetron 3 does
not operate. The voltage supplied from the terminals d-d' is
rectified by the rectifier 5 and the voltage across g-g' of the
high voltage-control switch 6 is equal to the voltage impressed on
the terminal f' of the rectifier 5 when said voltage is positive
relative to g, and is zero when said voltage is negative. When the
high voltage-control switch 6 is closed in the non-oscillating
state of the magnetron stated above, the current passes in the
circuit of d-e'-capacitor-e-f'-rectifier 5-f-g'-switch 6-g-d' and
the capacitor 4 is changed to the normal voltage by the rectifying
action of the rectifier 5. Therefore, the voltage across d-d' and
the voltage charged across the capacitor 4 are overlapped and
impressed across the cathode and anode of the magnetron 3, and said
magnetron 3 starts oscillating when the voltage across d-d' is
regulated so that said overlapping voltage will become higher than
the oscillating voltage of the magnetron 3. The system operates in
the normal state through the prosess described above, and the
current passes in the rectifier 5 to charge the capacitor 4 when
the A.C. voltage at d becomes positive relative to d'. In this
case, the voltage across the cathode and anode of the magnetron 3
is substantially zero. On the contrary, when the A.C. voltage at d
becomes negative relative to d', the voltage across d-d' and the
charging voltage of the capacitor 4 overlapping therewith are
impressed across the cathode and anode of the magnetron 3, with the
result that said magnetron 3 starts oscillating and the current
passes therein. In this case, the current passing through the
rectifier is substantially equal to zero.
In FIG. 2, the normal voltage across d-d' is impressed on the
circuit of d-e'-capacitor 4-e-f'-rectifier 5-f-d' (in the closed
state of the high pressure resisting switch 6) and a voltage as
determined by the circuit is charged in the capacitor 4 by the
rectifying action of the rectifier 5. Therefore, the voltage across
d-d' and the voltage charged in the capacitor 4 are overlapped and
impressed across f'-f of the rectifier. The voltage across d-d' is
set such that the voltage across the terminals of the rectifier
will become high enough to cause oscillation of the magnetron 3.
When the high voltage-control switch 6 is closed in the
above-described state in which the high voltage-control switch 6 is
open and the magnetron 3 is in the non-oscillating state, the
voltage which has been impressed across f'-f of the rectifier 5 is
impressed across the cathode and anode of the magnetron 3. Since
this voltage is higher than the oscillating voltage of the
magnetron 3, said magnetron starts oscillating and the current
passes therein. When the system has reached the normal state
through the process described above and the A.C. voltage at d has
become positive relative to d', the current passes in the rectifier
s to charge the capacitor 4 and, in this case, the voltage across
the cathode and anode of the magnetron 3 is substantially equal to
zero. Conversely, when the A.C. voltage at d has become negative
relative to d', the voltage across d-d' and the charging voltage of
the capacitor 4 are impressed across the cathode and anode of the
magnetron in overlapping relation, with the result that the
magnetron 3 starts oscillating and the current passes therein. In
this case, the current passing through the rectifier is
substantially equal to zero.
The above-described conditions of FIGS. 1 and 2 will be further
described with reference to FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, (a) indicates the
waveform of the current passing in the circuit of h'-e4e'-d2d'-h;
(b) the waveform of the current passing in the circuit of
h'-f'5f-h; and (c) the waveform of the current passing in
h'-c'-3-h. In the period T.sub.0 (a fraction of the power source
frequency), T.sub.1 is the time in which the current passes through
the rectifier 5 and charges the capacitor 4, and T.sub.2 is the
time in which the current passes in the magnetron 3 causing it to
oscillate. The period T.sub.0 is repeated while the switch 6 is
held closed, and the electronic oven serves its purpose. The
current passed or interrupted by the high voltage-control switch 6
is a D.C. current in either embodiment of FIG. 1 or 2, so that one
of the contacts of the high voltage-control switch 6 always
constitutes a negative electrode and the other one of them a
positive contact during operation of said switch. Therefore, the
polar effect occurs in the wear and tear or transition of the
contacts of the switch during operation of the switch and, when
both of the positive and negative electrode contacts are made of
the same material, one of them is convexed and the other one of
them concaved. This phenomenon when occurring causes a degradation
of intercontact pressure resistance or fusion-bonding of the
contacts, which adversely affects the reliability and service life
of the switch. The use of different materials in combination for
the positive and negative electrode contacts of the high
voltage-control switch 6, e.g., silver or silver-nickel alloy for
the negative electrode contact and a refractory alloy, such as
tungsten, for the positive electrode contact, achieves a remarkable
effect in precluding the phenomenon described above and improving
the reliability and service life of the switch. When the high
pressure-resistant switch 6 is of a normally closed contact type,
continuous heating of the electronic oven is possible with the
driving solenoid 10 being held in a non-excited state, whereas when
said switch is of a normally open contact type, the driving
solenoid 10 needs to be excited for continuous heating operation of
the oven. Thus, the use of the normally closed contact type switch
is advantageous over the normally open contact type switch since
the driving solenoid 10 needs to be excited only as required, for
example, for thawing control.
The electronic oven of the construction shown, for example, in FIG.
1 or 2 is advantageous for the manner of use as shown in FIG. 4 in
which the oven is operated intermittently repeatedly. This is
because, if the repetitive operation is performed by a switch
(e.g., the switch 1) on the primary side (low voltage side) of the
transformer, as in the conventional electronic ovens, the exciting
surge current of the transformer 2 and the load surge current
thereof will pass in the transformer in overlapping relation and a
current nearly 10 times the normal current will be generated, as
stated previously, but in the electronic oven of the construction
shown in FIG. 1 or 2, the exciting surge current of the transformer
occurs only once at the outset of the repetitive operation shown in
FIG. 4 and the surge current occurring on the primary side of the
transformer 2 for the highly frequent repetitive operation can be
reduced. Consequently, the voltage drops at the portions of the
circuit where the power capacity is small can be prevented and the
detrimental effects on other electric equipment can be alleviated.
In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, the high voltage-control
switch can be inserted between d-e' or between h-d'. However, with
the switch inserted at the position shown, the current passes in
the high voltage-control switch 6 at the interruption of
oscillation of the magnetron only in the period T.sub.1 in FIG. 5,
in case of the embodiment of FIG. 1 and only in the period of
T.sub.2 in case of the embodiment of FIG. 2, and the time T.sub.2
is zero in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and the time T.sub.1 is zero in
the embodiment of FIG. 2. If the high voltage-control switch 6 is
inserted between d-e' or between h-d', the current will flow in the
circuit throughout the period T.sub.0 in FIG. 5, and in this case,
discharge such as an arc discharge will occur almost certainly
across the contacts of the switch when said switch is opened. In
the circuit arrangement of the invention, the current flows in the
high voltage-control switch only for the period T.sub.1 or T.sub.2
and the percentage of occurrence of discharge such as an arc across
the contacts of the switch 6 is T.sub.1 /T.sub.0 in case of the
embodiment of FIG. 1 and is T.sub.2 /T.sub.0 in case of the
embodiment of FIG. 2. When the switch 6 is opened in the period
T.sub.2 in FIG. 1 or in the period of T.sub.1 in FIG. 2, the
current can be interrupted without the occurrence of discharge and
the voltage impressed across the contacts of the switch is
substantially equal to zero, and thus the switch can be opened
positively. The low percentage of occurrence of discharge at the
opening of the switch 6 as stated above is advantageous in respect
of the wear and tear of the contacts of said switch and other
detrimental effects, and ensures positive opening operation of the
switch. It will be understood from the foregoing description that
according to the circuit arrangement of the invention comprising
the high voltage-control switch, it is possible to reduce the surge
current, to prolong the service life of the switch and the
interruption of oscillation of the magnetron can be achieved
positively with high reliability. It is also possible to
incorporate the magnetron cathode heating transformer in the main
transformer 2 and thereby to simplify the construction and reduce
the cost of electronic oven as compared with the conventional ovens
having an additional transformer for the magnetron cathode
heater.
The same effects as obtainable from the arrangement of FIG. 1 can
be obtained by inserting the high voltage-control switch between
h'-f' and substantially the same effects as obtainable from the
arrangement of FIG. 2 can be obtained by inserting said switch
between h and the anode of the magnetron 3.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, when the high voltage-resistant switch
6 is closed, the capacitor 4 has already been charged and the surge
current occurring on the low voltage side is substantially equal to
the current in the normal operation. Namely, the effect of reducing
the surge current occurring on the low voltage side is more
remarkable.
* * * * *