U.S. patent number 3,870,916 [Application Number 05/444,256] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-11 for x-ray tube.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kernforschungsanlage Julich, Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung. Invention is credited to Heinz-Gunther Haubold, Eckart Kussel, Peter Wombacher.
United States Patent |
3,870,916 |
Kussel , et al. |
March 11, 1975 |
X-RAY TUBE
Abstract
An x-ray tube with an anode which is located in a high vacuum
chamber contable to a vacuum pump and is passed through by cooling
fluid. The anode which comprises a peripheral mantle surface and
lateral surfaces which are approximately parallel to each other is
disengageably connected to a rotatable hollow shaft for rotation
therewith and has its peripheral mantle surface located within the
region of the electron beams emitted by the cathode. The x-ray tube
furthermore comprises a distributing member for distributing the
cooling fluid, which distributing member is arranged in the
interior of and coaxially with the rotatable anode. The peripheral
mantle surface is formed by the central peripheral portion of a
ring which has a U-shaped cross section and the legs of which are
detachably connected to the lateral surfaces of the anode, O-rings
being provided for sealing purposes between the legs of the ring
and the lateral surfaces of the anode.
Inventors: |
Kussel; Eckart (Duren,
DT), Haubold; Heinz-Gunther (Julich, DT),
Wombacher; Peter (Julich, DT) |
Assignee: |
Kernforschungsanlage Julich,
Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung (Julich,
DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5872620 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/444,256 |
Filed: |
February 20, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Feb 21, 1973 [DT] |
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2308509 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
378/130;
313/32 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01J
35/106 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01J
35/10 (20060101); H01J 35/00 (20060101); H01j
035/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;313/32,60 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kominski; John
Assistant Examiner: Hostetter; Darwin R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Becker; Walter
Claims
What we claim is:
1. An X-ray tube which includes: a high vacuum chamber connectable
to a vacuum pump, a rotation-symmetric rotatable anode having a
hollow space therein and being rotatably arranged in said high
vacuum chamber, a rotatable hollow shaft disengageably connected to
said anode for rotating the same, conduit means associated with
said hollow shaft and communicating with the hollow space of said
anode for respectively conveying cooling fluid to and from said
anode, a rotatable distributing member arranged within said hollow
space of said anode and coaxially therewith and being rotatably
connected to said anode including lateral wall means and ring means
of a U-shaped cross section the central portion of which forms the
peripheral mantle surface of said anode and the legs of which have
said lateral wall means detachably connected thereto, sealing means
interposed between said legs and said lateral wall means, and a
cathode arranged relative to said anode so that said mantle surface
of said anode is within the region of the electron beams emitted by
said cathode.
2. An X-ray tube according to claim 1, in which at least that
portion of said anode which is formed by said ring means is made of
a suitable highly pure vacuum cast material.
3. An X-ray tube according to claim 1, in which at least that
portion of said anode which is formed by said ring means is made of
highly pure vacuum cast electrolyte copper.
4. An X-ray tube according to claim 1, in which said distributing
member includes a rotation-symmetric body and a plurality of
elements connected to said rotation symmetric body and having
lateral surfaces inclined from their inner circumference to their
outer circumference in such a manner that the distance between the
lateral surfaces of said distributing member and the inner surfaces
of the lateral walls of said rotatable anode decreases in radial
outward direction of said distributing member in such a way that
when considering the radially increasing outer circumference a
substantially uniform speed profile of the cooling fluid flowing in
and out of said anode in the vicinity of its axis of rotation is
obtained, and fin means arranged on the outer lateral surfaces of
said distributing member, the outer circumference of said
distributing member being formed by at least one inclined edge each
between each two adjacent fin means with each of said edges
ascending in the direction or rotation of said anode in such a way
that at the areas of greatest dimensions of said distributing
member the latter is only slightly spaced from the inner mantle
surface of said anode.
5. An X-ray tube according to claim 3, in which said elements are
flat surface parts with radially extending surfaces engaging each
other.
6. An X-ray tube according to claim 3, in which each of said
elements has two surfaces which are parallel to each other at the
same distance from the axis of rotation of the distributing member,
and in which said two surfaces of each of said elements engage
corresponding surfaces of the respective adjacent elements.
7. An X-ray tube according to claim 3, in which the outer
circumference of the distributing member has a rather slight
distance from the inner surface of the outer peripheral wall of
said rotatable anode.
Description
The present invention relates to an x-ray tube with an anode which
is passed through by cooling water and while being detachably
connected to a driven hollow shaft is rotatably journalled. This
anode is arranged in an evacuated chamber which is connected to a
vacuum pump. The anode is rotation symmetric and has two parallel
or nearly parallel lateral surfaces and a mantel while extending
through the housing of the x-ray tube. The mantle surface of said
anode is located within the region of the electron beams emitted by
the cathode while for controlling the cooling means a distributor
body is arranged within the rotatable anode coaxially
therewith.
X-ray tubes are known in which for purposes of reducing the heating
up thereof, the anode is designed as a driven body of rotation so
that continuously other areas of the anode are exposed to the
impacting electron beam. With a heretofore known x-ray tube having
a rotatable anode for increasing the speed of the cooling means
introduced for cooling the rotatable anode, a cooling means
distributor was arranged within the rotatable anode. This cooling
means distributor was so arranged within the anode that the driven
anode rotated about the stationary cooling means distributor. Since
as far as possible thin walled structural elements have to be
employed for the rotatable anode, there was encountered the
drawback that the necessary mechanical stability was not
sufficiently assured when the x-ray tube was subjected to high
stresses. In order to assure a safe mounting of the anode at high
rotational speeds of the anode as they occur with x-ray tubes
having a high thermal loadability, it was suggested with this
heretofore known x-ray tube to provide one bearing each for the
cooling water distributor on the hollow shaft and also on that
lateral surface of the rotatable anode which faces away from the
hollow shaft. As a result thereof, deformations of the mantle
surface occurred in view of the forces which were generated by the
unsymmetric water inflow and sometimes also in view of unbalances
and were exerted upon the relatively thin cylinder wall of the
anode. The rotation of the rotatable anode therefore was
non-uniform. Undesired movements of the focal spot of the electron
beam occurred. This in turn occasionally brought about the
destruction of the anode. Furthermore, with one embodiment of
heretofore known x-ray tubes having rotatable anodes it was
necessary to mount the mantle surface of the rotatable anode in the
form of a ring connected at the edges to the lateral surfaces,
because only in this way it was possible to insert the cooling
water distributor into the rotatable anode.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an x-ray tube
with high output in which in spite of the uniform cooling of the
rotatable anode a proper operation will be assured.
It is another object of this invention to provide an x-ray tube as
set forth in the preceding paragraph in which, in order to permit
the respective required characteristic radiation, the parts
determining the same can be exchanged in a simple manner.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will appear
more clearly from the following specification in connection with
the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 represents a longitudinal section through an x-ray tube
according to the invention while the radiation protective mantle
has been removed.
FIG. 2 illustrates on a larger scale than that of FIG. 1 a top view
and cross section vertical to the axis through the rotatable anode
of the x-ray tube of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a side view and a cross section taken parallel to the
axis through the rotatable anode of the x-ray tube of FIG. 1.
The x-ray tube according to the invention is characterized
primarily in that the rotatable anode 5 comprises a ring which has
a U-shaped cross sectional profile and has an intermediate web
which forms the mantle surface 3 of the rotatable anode 5 and
comprises lateral surfaces which are detachably connected to the
lateral webs of the U-shaped ring while for purposes of effecting a
seal between the webs of the U-shaped ring and the lateral surfaces
of the anode, O-rings are provided. Expediently, at leat the
ring-shaped part of the wall of the anode consists of highly pure
vacuum cast electrolyte copper or of another suitable highly pure
vacuum cast metal. In order to permit the simple installation of
the distributor body in the rotatable anode for the cooling means
with high degrees of efficiency, an advantageous design of the
x-ray tube according to the invention consists in that the axial
symmetrically designed distributor body is composed of a plurality
of parts which are connected to a rotation symmetric body that is
arranged coaxially with regard to the axis of the rotatable anode.
These parts are at their radial surface and/or two surfaces guided
parallel to each other and equally spaced from the axis of the
distributor body while contacting each other. The lateral surfaces
of said parts have from the inside to the outer circumference such
an inclination that the intermediate space formed by the lateral
surfaces of the distributor body and the inner surfaces of the
lateral walls of the rotatable anode decreases from the inside to
the outside in such a way that when considering that the outer
circumference increases in radial direction, a uniform speed
profile forms of the cooling means which flows in and out in the
vicinity of the axis. On the lateral surfaces of the distributor
body there are arranged radially extending ribs while the outer
circumference of the distributor body is formed by one or more
inclined planes which are arranged between each two ribs and ascend
in the direction of rotation of the rotatable anode in such a way
that at those areas where the distributor body has its greatest
dimensions, only a very slight distance from the inner surface of
the cylindrical mantle of the rotatable anode exists.
Experience has shown that an x-ray tube with the features of the
present invention, which was operated at a rotational speed of the
anode of 3,000 rpm and with the diameter of the rotatable anode
amounting to 25 cm while the ring of U-shaped cross section of the
rotatable anode consisted of highly pure vacuum cast electrolyte
copper, was able to produce an electric output of 100 kw while the
vacuum amounting to 10.sup..sup.-5 torr.
Referring now to the drawings in detail, the electron beam emitted
by the cathode 2 through the passage provided in the housing 1
impacts in a focal spot upon the mantle surface 3 of a rotatable
anode 5 arranged at one end of a hollow shaft 4. The rotatable
anode preferably comprises highly pure vacuum cast electrolyte
copper. However, if the need should occur, the rotatable anode also
may consist of a material of another suitable highly pure vacuum
cast material. The driven hollow shaft is driven by means of the
drive 6. The cooling water inflow 7 and the cooling water return
flow 8 for cooling the rotatable anode 5 are arranged within the
hollow shaft 4.
As will be evident from the drawing, the rotatable anode is formed
by a ring of U-shaped cross sectional profile and by two lateral
surfaces arranged perpendicularly with regard to the axis of the
hollow shaft, one of said lateral surfaces being connected to the
hollow shaft 4. The ring is detachably connected to the detachable
surfaces of the rotatable anode 5 for instance by screw
connections. The intermediate web of the ring simultaneously forms
the mantle surface of the rotatable anode 5. For sealing purposes,
O-rings 9 are provided between the lateral webs of the ring and the
lateral surfaces of the anode 5.
As will be evident from FIGs. 2 and 3, the distributor body is
axially symmetrically designed and is composed of a plurality of
parts 11 which engage each other at their radial surfaces. For
purposes of facilitating the insertion of the parts 11 into the
rotatable anode 5, one of the parts 12 which form the distributor
body as well as the parts 11 adjacent to the part 12 comprise two
surfaces which are parallely guided toward each other and are
equally spaced from the axis of the distributing body. The parts 11
of the distributor body and the parts 12 are, as will be evident
from the drawing, detachably connected to a rotation symmetric body
for instance by means of screw connections, said rotation symmetric
body being coaxial with regard to the axis of the rotatable anode
5. The lateral surfaces of the parts 11 and of the part 12 of the
distributor body are so inclined that the intermediate space
defined by the outer surfaces of the distributor body and the inner
surface of the lateral walls of the rotatable anode 5 decreases
from the inside toward the outside in such a way that the cooling
liquid which in the vicinity of the axis flows in and out and is
intended for the rotatable anode 5 has a uniform speed profile when
considering the outer circumference of the distributor body which
outer circumference increases in radial direction. The lateral
surfaces of the distributor body are furthermore provided with
radially extending fins 13. The outer circumference of the
distributor body is, as evident from the drawing, formed by
inclined planes 14 provided between each two fins 13. The inclined
planes 14 ascend in the direction of rotation of the rotatable
anode. The spacing of the inner surface of the cylindrical mantle 3
of the rotatable anode 5 from the outer curcumference of the
distributor body is rather small. Due to the fact that the
intermediate space between the inner surface of the mantle 3 of the
rotatable anode 5 and that surface of the distributor body which
faces said inner surface of the mantle 3 is particularly small at
those areas where the distributor body in radial direction has the
greatest dimensions, it will be appreciated in view of the thus
obtained turbulent flow, that a very effective cooling of that part
of the rotatable anode 5 will be obtained which is most strongly
exposed to thermal stresses. This brings about a considerable
increase in the degree of efficiency of the x-ray tube according to
the invention.
It is, of course, to be understood that the present invention is,
by no means, limited to the particular showing in the drawings but
also comprises any modifications within the scope of the appended
claims.
* * * * *