U.S. patent number 3,870,439 [Application Number 05/321,757] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-11 for high pressure pump fluid end.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Aero Inc.. Invention is credited to John B. Goss, John E. Stachowiak.
United States Patent |
3,870,439 |
Stachowiak , et al. |
March 11, 1975 |
High pressure pump fluid end
Abstract
A new and improved fluid end for a high pressure pump, wherein
the valves are assembled with a valve seat unit to form a readily
removable and replaceable valve cartridge, and wherein the packing
around the pump plunger is also readily accessible for replacement
or repacking without requiring special tools. Peak pressures
developed by the pump plunger, particularly during cavitation, are
transmitted to the valve seat unit and the pump plunger packing
rather than the much more expensive pump manifold so that if
failure occurs due to such high pressures, the failure is in the
readily replaceable and less expensive valve seat and pump
packing.
Inventors: |
Stachowiak; John E. (Houston,
TX), Goss; John B. (Houston, TX) |
Assignee: |
American Aero Inc. (Houston,
TX)
|
Family
ID: |
23251903 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/321,757 |
Filed: |
January 8, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
417/454 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04B
53/164 (20130101); F04B 53/00 (20130101); F04B
53/1025 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04B
53/10 (20060101); F04B 53/16 (20060101); F04B
53/00 (20060101); F04b 021/00 (); F04b
039/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;417/454,63,571,569,539
;137/454.4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
272,265 |
|
Jun 1927 |
|
GB |
|
104,592 |
|
Sep 1939 |
|
SW |
|
Primary Examiner: Freeh; William L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: DeVerter, II; Paul L.
Claims
We claim:
1. A high pressure pump fluid end, comprising,
a manifold block having both an inlet suction manifold and an
outlet discharge manifold located therein,
a pump cylinder mounted adjacent and perpendicular to said manifold
block and having a plunger opening therein,
connector means releasably connecting said pump cylinder to said
manifold block,
a pump plunger operably mounted in said pump cylinder for
reciprocation in said opening,
said manifold block including a recessed valve cartridge cavity
having communication with said inlet manifold, said outlet manifold
and said plunger opening, said cavity being located at the
interface between the block and the plunger opening, and being
larger than the plunger opening and encompassing said plunger
opening,
an integral replaceable generally oval valve cartridge disposed in
said valve cartridge cavity and having a first valve means therein
for permitting fluid flow from said inlet manifold into said
plunger opening upon movement of said pump plunger in a direction
away from said manifold block, and a second valve means therein for
permitting fluid flow from said plunger opening to said outlet
discharge manifold upon movement of said pump plunger in a
direction towards said manifold block,
said first and second valve means comprising wing guided valves
situated wholly within the cartridge, mounted side by side and
parallel to the axis of the pump plunger,
said cartridge positioned between the plunger opening and said
manifold block, and extending outwardly beyond the depth of the
cavity, and
an oval seal mounted in a groove in the cartridge and encircling
said plunger opening for sealing between said pump cylinder and
said valve cartridge whereby fluid pumped by said pump plunger is
caused to exert peak fluid pressure directly on said cartridge and
peak fluid pressure is isolated from said manifold block.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first and second valve
means include spherically shaped valve seats and elements.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 including,
a second circular seal means between the cartridge and said block
sealing about the inlet suction manifold, and
third seal circular means between the cartridge and the block
sealing about the outlet discharge manifold.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 including a tell-tale leak detector
hole extending through said manifold block to said cartridge
between the manifold block and pump cylinder for allowing fluid to
leak externally of said manifold block from said hole when one of
said seal members is allowing fluid to leak.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of this invention is high pressure pumps, fluid end.
In high pressure pumps heretofore known and in common use today,
they have been so constructed that disassembly, repair and
replacement have been difficult and expensive. Repairs in the field
have been a particular problem because of the need for special
tools and the difficulties of disassembly and reassembly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and improved fluid end for a
high pressure pump, wherein a valve cartridge having the valve
seats and valves is subjected to peak pressures developed by the
plunger, especially during cavitation, rather than the pump
manifold, whereby the less expensive and easily replaceable parts
of the pump are the ones subject to failure at such peak
pressures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the fluid end of a high pressure
pump, showing the improvements of this invention; and
FIG. 2 is a partial view taken on line 2--2 of FIG. 1, illustrating
further details of the pump fluid end of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the drawings, the numeral 10 refers generally to the pump
manifold block which is disposed adjacent to a pump cylinder 12.
The cylinder 12 has a stuffing box 14 therewith through which a
conventional pump plunger or piston 16 moves in response to a power
supplied through a typical cross head 17, a portion of which is
illustrated, and which is connected to a conventional power source
in the known manner for reciprocating the plunger 16. As will be
explained more in detail, the present invention includes a valve
cartridge 30 which is disposed with the manifold 10, but which is
removable thereform as a unit so that all of the valve components
and valve seats may be removed readily from the rest of the parts
to effect repairs and/or replacements. Also, the stuffing box 14 is
readily removable for access to the packing 15 therewith so that
such packing can be replaced or repaired.
Considering the invention more in detail, the manifold block 10 is
mounted in a fixed position and has a section inlet opening or
manifold 10a therethrough for the supply of fluid being pumped.
Also, the manifold block 10 has an outlet discharge manifold or
opening 10b for the discharge of fluid being pumped with the
plunger 16, as will be more evident hereinafter. The inlet opening
10a connects with a valve cartridge recess or cavity 10c by means
of one or more openings 10d. Similarly, the outlet manifold 10b
connects with such cavity 10c by an opening 10e.
The manifold block 10 is positioned adjacent the pump cylinder 12,
with a gasket 22 of any suitable gasket material therebetween to
prevent fluid from escaping. The manifold block 10 has a plurality
of bolt holes 10f, each of which is adapted to receive a bolt 23
having a conventional bolt head 23a with wrench flats thereon so
that the bolts 23 may be rotated with a conventional wrench. Each
bolt 23 has a threaded inner end 23b which is adapted to be
releasably threaded into internally threaded openings 12a in the
cylinder 12, which correspond in number and in location to the
openings 10f in the block 10. Thus, by unthreading the bolts 23 so
as to disengage the threads 23b from the threaded openings 12a, the
cylinder 12 is released from its secured position with the block 10
and may be pulled away from the block 10, as will be more evident
hereinafter.
A valve cartridge 30 is disposed within the valve cartridge recess
10c of the manifold block 10 and it includes at least two valves 33
and 35. The valve 33 is mounted in a valve passage 30a for movement
therein and it seats upon an annular valve seat 30b which
preferably has a spherical shape in cross-section to conform with a
corresponding surface on the valve 33 for effective closing of
fluid flow through the passage 30a when the valve 33 is in the
seated position.
The valve 33 may be made in numerous ways, but as illustrated in
the drawings, it includes a valve body 33a, with a plurality of
valve guide ribs 33b disposed therewith and extending into the
opening 30a. Such ribs 33b are preferably arranged in the form of a
cross and they permit fluid flow therebetween so that when the
valve body 33 is unseated from the seat 30b, fluid may flow past
the valve 33.
The valve 33 has a valve stem 33c which receives a spring 36
disposed between the body 33a and a surface 12b of a cylinder
recess 12c. The spring 36 is a relatively light spring and acts to
keep the valve 33 seated when the fluid pressures are essentially
balanced across the valve 33 and it prevents the opening of the
valve 33 until a predetermined pressure is developed to unseat the
valve 33.
The valve 35 is constructed in almost an identical manner to the
valve 33, although it is slightly smaller in diameter and it
includes a valve body 35a which is adapted to seat on an annular
valve seat 30c in a valve opening 30d of the valve cartridge 30.
The valve 35 has longitudinally extending guide ribs 35b (FIGS. 1
and 2), which, like the ribs 33b are preferably arranged in the
form of a cross and which keep the valve 35 aligned during its
reciprocating movement to and from its open and closed
positions.
The valve 35 also has a spring guide stem 35c around which is
positioned a spring 38 which serves to seat the valve 35 until a
predetermined pressure urging it to an unseated position is acting
on the valve 35.
It is to be noted that the valve 33 permits fluid flow from the
suction inlet manifold 10a to the cylinder recess 12c and the
plunger opening 12d within the cylinder 12 in which the plunger 16
reciprocates. During such flow, the valve 35 is retained in the
seated or closed position. When the reverse occurs, and the plunger
16 moves towards the block 10, fluid is permitted to flow from the
plunger opening 12d and the recess 12c to the outlet manifold 10b
by opening the valve 35 and the valve 33 remains closed to prevent
fluid from flowing out through the inlet opening 10a. Thus, each of
the valves 33 and 35 is a oneway valve controlling the flow in the
opposite direction.
A fluid seal is maintained between the valve cartridge 30 and the
cylinder 12 by a seal 41, which may be brass, a rubber O-ring, or
any suitable sealing material. Fluid seals 42 and 43 which also may
be brass, rubber O-rings or suitable sealing members are provided
for sealing engagement between the valve cartridge 30 and the wall
of the valve cartridge recess 10c in the manifold block 10. Such
seals 41-43 may be readily replaced as will be more evident
hereinafter when the valve cartridge 30 is exposed and is removed
for replacement and/or repair. Such seals 41-43 may all be formed
of brass or any other suitable sealing material.
The packing 15 in the stuffing box 14 is preferably of the
conventional chevron type and it has a lantern ring 15a between the
sections of the chevron packing in the known manner. Such lantern
ring 15a may be formed of brass or other suitable material. Also
adapter rings 15b and 15c at each end of the chevron packings 15
are preferably utilized for confining the packing 15 and such rings
15b and 15c are likewise formed of brass or other suitable
material. The packing 15 is thus confined in sealing engagement
with the external polished surface of the plunger rod 16 and such
sealing engagement is further enhanced by a spring or other
resilient means 45 which is confined in engagement with the ring
15c and a shoulder 12e in the cylinder 12.
Grease is injected into the lantern ring area by means of a grease
opening 14a and any conventional grease fitting 14b, as will be
well understood. The stuffing box 14 has external threads 14c which
are in threaded engagement with internal threads 12f in a
counterbore 12g of the pump cylinder 12. The entire stuffing box 14
may thus be readily removed from the cylinder 11 by unthreading the
threads 14c from the threads 12f. To lock the stuffing box 14 in
the cylinder 12 during operation, a locking bolt 50 is preferably
utilized and it extends through an opening 12h in the cylinder 12
and threads into a threaded section 12k and enters a shallow recess
14d in the stuffing box, whereby the stuffing box 14 is prevented
from rotating or being rotated until the locking bolt 50 is
unthreaded enough to come out of the recess 14d.
For the purpose of indicating to an operator when the seals around
the valve cartridge 30 are leaking fluid, it is desirable to have a
tell-tale hole 60 in the manifold block 10 extending to a point
between the seals 40 and 42 so that in the event fluid is leaking
therebetween, it will appear externally of the manifold block at
the exit opening 60a of the tell-tale hole 60. At that point, the
operator has an indication that the seals should be replaced before
the leakage becomes serious.
In the operation or use of the pump fluid end of this invention, a
plunger 16 is connected to a conventional cross head 17 as
indicated in FIG. 1 and such cross head 17 is connected to a
conventional prime mover or power source for reciprocating the
plunger 16 within the cylinder 12 in the known manner.
The suction manifold 10a is connected to a source of fluid to be
pumped in the known manner, and the outlet opening or manifold is
preferably connected to a pipe or receptacle which is receiving the
fluid being pumped.
When the pump plunger 16 moves away from the manifold 10, the
suction stroke occurs and the fluid is drawn in to the plunger
recess 12d by flowing through the open valve 33 from the suction or
inlet manifold 10a to the recess 12c and the plunger opening 12d.
At that time, the valve 35 is closed by the spring pressure of the
spring 38 and by the reduced pressure internally of the recess 12c
which is less than the fluid pressure on the other side of the
valve 35.
The plunger 16 is moved towards the manifold block 10 on the
pumping stroke so as to force the fluid through the valve 35 and
out of the discharge manifold 10b. At that time, the valve 33 is
closed. Thus, it will be seen that the fluid end pump illustrated
in FIGS. 1 and 2 operates in a conventional manner by drawing in
fluid on the suction stroke and discharging the fluid on the pump
or pressure stroke. In the event it becomes desirable or necessary
to replace or repair any part of the valve cartridge 30, or the
seals therewith, the entire valve cartridge 30 may be readily
exposed by unthreading the bolts 23 so as to disconnect the
cylinder 12 from the manifold 10. Then by operating the pump
plunger 16 so that it moves away from the manifold 10, it will
carry with it the cylinder 12 and expose the valve cartridge 30.
The valve cartridge 30 with its seals may be removed as a unit and
replaced in its entirety in the field with a spare valve cartridge
30 and the seals. On the other hand, if such spare is not readily
available, the worn parts can be repaired or replaced in part with
conventional equipment and then the repaired or replacement valve
cartridge 30 may be reinserted into the recess 10c and the cylinder
12 may be returned to its position adjacent the manifold block.
When the bolts 23 are then reconnected as shown in FIG. 1, the pump
is again ready for use. The disassembly and reassembly can thus be
accomplished by the use of a wrench of an ordinary size and type
capable of unthreading the bolts 23 so that no special tools are
required for such operation.
The packing 15 may also be easily replaced and any of the parts
therewith may be replaced or repaired at the same time. The entire
stuffing box 14 may be disconnected from the cylinder 12 by
releasing the locking action of the bolt 50 and then unthreading
the stuffing box 14 from the cylinder 12 which exposes the entire
bore of the stuffing box 14 so that the packing 15, the annular
rings 15b and 15c and the lantern ring 15a can all be removed and
replaced with new parts or repaired as necessary. The reassembly is
carried out in the reverse by simply threading the stuffing box 14
back to the position shown in FIG. 1 and then inserting the locking
bolt 50 to the locking position shown in FIG. 1. Again, no special
tools are required for such operations.
Should cavitation occur when pumping, the presence of the air with
the liquid results in a greater plunger velocity before impacting
with the liquid, and as a result, higher peak pressures in the
neighborhood of 20,000 p.s.i. and above are developed which have
heretofore been exerted directly on the pump manifold, but in the
present invention, the peak pressures are exerted on the valve
cartridge 20 and the pump packing 15, so that if such peak
pressures are high enough to cause failure, the failure occurs in
the relatively inexpensive parts, namely, the cartridge 30 and/or
the packing 15, rather than the very expensive manifold 10.
It should also be noted that the cylinder 12 and stuffing box 14
can be made in one-piece, in which case the packing 15 is replaced
by releasing the bolts 23 from the threads 12a to expose the
packing. A removable snap ring (not shown) would be used instead of
the shoulder 12e to enable the spring 45 and the packing 15 to be
removed for replacement.
The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention are
illustrative and explanatory thereof, and various changes in the
size, shape, and materials as well as in the details of the
illustrated construction may be made without departing from the
spirit of the invention.
* * * * *