U.S. patent number 3,870,145 [Application Number 05/254,054] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-11 for treatment of fabrics in machine dryers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Economics Laboratory, Inc.. Invention is credited to William G. Mizuno.
United States Patent |
3,870,145 |
Mizuno |
March 11, 1975 |
Treatment of fabrics in machine dryers
Abstract
Fabrics are treated in machine drying apparatus to reduce static
electricity carried by the fabrics, soften the fabrics and improve
other fabric properties. A sponge impregnated with a heat
softenable solid or semi-solid fabric-conditioning agent is placed
within the dryer drum and the fabrics are tumbled in the dryer
thereby causing some of the fabric-conditioning agent to be
transferred to the fabric. When the dryer is heated, the heat of
the dryer helps the fabric-conditioning agent to soften and assists
in its distribution over the surface of fabric with which the
impregnated sponge is brought into tumbling contact.
Inventors: |
Mizuno; William G. (St. Paul,
MN) |
Assignee: |
Economics Laboratory, Inc. (St.
Paul, MN)
|
Family
ID: |
22962759 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/254,054 |
Filed: |
May 17, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
206/.5; 510/519;
510/516; 510/520; 34/60; 206/5; 206/524.3; 68/17R; 206/460;
427/242 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06C
29/00 (20130101); D06F 58/203 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D06C
29/00 (20060101); D06F 58/20 (20060101); B44d
001/46 (); B05c 011/12 (); E01b 029/04 (); F26b
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;206/.5,84,46PV ;239/57
;252/8.6 ;68/17R ;34/72,60 ;117/139.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dixson, Jr.; William T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An article of manufacture comprising:
a. an impregnated sponge having an average pore size of 0.05 to 4
millimeters which has been impregnated from its surface into its
interior with about 0.3 to about 0.7 gram, per cubic centimeter of
unimpregnated sponge, of a heatsoftenable fabric conditioning agent
comprising a quaternary ammonium salt, said fabric conditioning
agent having a softening point range of at least 10 C. .degree.
being softened within the range of 50.degree. to 90.degree.C.;
and
b. attaching means operably associated with said impregnated sponge
for attaching the impregnated sponge to a wall of a machine
dryer.
2. The product of claim 1 in which the sponge has an average pore
size of from 0.1 to 2 mm.
3. The product of claim 2, wherein said attaching means includes a
woven loop and hook fastener.
4. The product of claim 3 wherein the impregnated sponge is
contained within a cloth envelope, and said attaching means is
attached to said cloth envelope.
5. The product of claim 3 wherein the fabric conditioning agent
comprises dimethyl di (hydrogenated tallow) ammonium chloride.
6. The product of claim 1 wherein the sponge has a smaller pore
size along one surface of the sponge relative to the pore size
along the opposite surface of the sponge.
7. The product of claim 1 wherein the impregnated sponge is
contained within a dispenser, at least a portion of which is
permeable to the fabric conditioning agent under the conditions of
use.
8. An article of manufacture comprising:
a. an impregnated sponge having an average pore size of from 0.1 to
2 mm which has been impregnated from its surface to its interior
with about 0.3 to about 0.7 gram, per cubic centimeter of
unimpregnated sponge, of a heat-softenable, solid or semi-solid
fabric conditioning agent consisting essentially of stearyl
dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride admixed with dimethyl di
(hydrogenated tallow) ammonium chloride in a weight ratio of about
2:1 to about 4:1, said fabric conditioning agent having a softening
point range of at least 10 C. .degree. and being softened within
the range of 50.degree. to 90.degree.C; and
b. attaching means operably associated with said impregnated sponge
for attaching the impregnated sponge to a wall of a machine dryer,
said attaching means including a woven loop and hook fastener.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application describes an impregnated sponge which can be used
in the method and apparatus of copending patent application Ser.
No. 232,432 filed Mar. 7, 1972.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In laundering it is common to treat various types of fabrics such
as wool, cotton, silk, nylon, polyester, permanent-press, and the
like with chemicals which are fabric-conditioning or treating
agents to render the fabrics soft to the touch, to reduce tangling,
knotting or wrinkling, to render them free of static electricity,
to render them bacteria-resistant, to deodorize them, and to
otherwise condition them. For example, the proper use of fabric
conditioners permits dried clothes to be sorted and folded more
easily and quickly. These results are ordinarily achieved by
introducing an aqueous solution or dispersion of the
fabric-conditioning agent into the wash water during the washing
cycle of the laundry process or by introducing such an aqueous
solution or dispersion of fabric-conditioning agent into the rinse
water during the rinsing cycle of the laundry process. Experience
has shown that addition of the fabric-conditioning agents during
the rinse cycle of the laundry process is often significantly more
effective than addition of the fabric-conditioning agents during
the wash cycle. Since some clothes washing machines do not have
automatic fabric softener dispensers, a homemaker must be present
during the washing of fabrics to manually add the fabric
conditioner during the rinse cycle. This is an extra step,
inconvenient and, consequently, is often forgotten. Even when the
washing machine is equipped with an automatic dispenser, the use of
a fabric-conditioner is still a messy operation requiring measuring
of a liquid suspension, is wasteful and is ecologically undesirable
because a significant amount of the fabric conditioner is lost to
the drain. Moreover, the fabric softener is usually added to the
deep rinse where some soap or detergent and soil may still be
present, leading to redeposition problems and interaction between
the anionic detergent and cationic softeners (which are mutually
incompatible), with subsequent loss of efficiency.
As a result of combinations of the above factors, a survey has
shown that many homemakers use fabric softeners irregularly and on
the basis of "when I remember" or "when it is needed." This results
in irregular performance as evidenced by static electricity and
other fabric properties (e.g., softness).
The use of liquid fabric conditioning agents in machine dryers has
been suggested in the past, but the idea has not gained widespread
commercial acceptance probably as a result of such factors as the
need for complex dispensing equipment.
Recently, it was suggested in U.S. Pat. No. 3,442,692 that
chemicals which are fabric-conditioning agents might be applied to
fabrics by tumbling or co-mingling the fabrics in a laundry dryer
in contact with a fibrous substrate such as paper or cloth which
has been coated with a chemical which is a fabric-conditioning
agent. The chemical agent is presumably transferred to the fabrics
to be conditioned by the tumbling action of the fabric within the
dryer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is based on the discovery that desired fabric
properties (e.g., anti-static properties) can be obtained by
treating the fabric in a machine dryer with a very small amount of
a fabric-conditioning agent such as an anti-static agent, which
agent is present in a multi-use reusable form. Briefly, described,
the method of the present invention involves locating within the
dryer a sponge which has been impregnated with a heat softenable
material comprising a fabric conditioning agent such as an
anti-static agent. Optionally, this impregnated sponge can be
contained within a dispenser, a portion of which is permeable so
that the fabric-conditioner can be released through the dispenser
when the fabric conditioner is softened by the heat of the dryer.
For example, a small rectangular sponge (e.g.,5 cm .times. 10 cm
.times. 1 cm) can be impregnated with such a fabric conditioning
agent and then encased within a cloth envelope. This cloth envelope
can be removably mounted on a leading edge of one of the dryer
vanes, which vanes form a part of the dryer drum wall. The fabric
conditioning agent will have a softening or melting point within
the range of the dryer temperature. When the fabric to be treated
is tumbled within the heated dryer drum, the anti-static agent will
pass through the cloth envelope and transfer to the fabric.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front view of a machine dryer.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sponge which has been
impregnated with a heat softenable fabric conditioning agent.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an impregnated sponge encased
within a cloth dispenser.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Method of Treating Fabrics
The present method of treating fabrics in machine dryers can be
understood by referring to the following description when read in
conjunction with the drawings.
In FIG. 1 is shown a machine dryer generally designated by the
Numeral 1. The dryer 1 includes a heat source (not shown) which may
be electric, gas, or other. The dryer is provided with a rotating
drum 2 and an exhaust 3. Dryer 1 is further provided with an access
door 4 and a latch 5.
Rotating drum 2 of dryer 1 is typically provided with a plurality
of vanes 6 which extend inwardly from the cylindrical wall of drum
2 and which are generally parallel to the axis of rotation of drum
2. Although drum 2 might rotate in either direction, it has
arbitrarily been shown in FIG. 1 to rotate in a clockwise
direction. An impregnated sponge 7 is carried by one of the vanes
6. The purpose of impregnated sponge 7 is to distribute a
fabric-conditioning agent onto fabric 8 being tumbled within drum
2. As shown in FIG. 1, the impregnated sponge 7 is secured to a
leading edge of one of the vanes 6. However, if desired, several
impregnated sponges 7 can be attached to a single vane 6 or several
impregnated sponges 7 can be attached to different vanes 6.
Although an impregnated sponge 7 can be loosely tumbled with the
clothes or other fabric 8 (i.e., it does not need to be attached to
the drum), attaching the impregnated sponge 7 to the drum 2 avoids
the disadvantage of having to sort the impregnated sponge 7 from
the clothes 8 after each dryer load. Moreover, various placements
of the impregnated sponge 7 in drum 2 can be used to alter
dispensing rates or compensate for different dryer types, makes,
temperatures, drying cylces, and the like.
In operation, fabric 8 (usually damp and ready to be dried) is
placed within drum 2 and the fabric 8 (e.g., clothes) is tumbled
within the drum 2 by rotation of the drum 2. In this manner, the
fabric 8 is brought into repeated contact with a surface of
impregnated sponge 7. The heat from the dryer causes the
fabric-conditioning agent to soften and be transferred to the
fabric 8 by contact between the tumbling fabric 8 and the surface
of impregnated sponge 7.
It has been observed that some beneficial anti-static properties
can be obtained by merely tumbling dry clothes in an unheated
dryer. Presumably, fabric-conditioner which is on or near the outer
surface of the impregnated sponge 7 is transferred to the fabric
through abrading contact with the fabric.
The Impregnated Sponge
The details of construction of the impregnated sponge 7 of FIG. 1
are shown in more detail in FIG. 2. Although sponge 7 is
hereinafter described with reference to means for attaching it to a
dryer drum 2, it will be appreciated that the fastening means could
be omitted and the impregnated sponge 7 simply tumbled loosely
within drum 2. However, best results are obtained if the
impregnated sponge 7 is attached to some portion of the dryer drum
2, preferably a vane 6.
Impregnated sponge 7 can be prepared by melting one or more fabric
conditioning agents (e.g., a normally solid quaternary ammonium
chloride), optionally in admixture with various additives, carriers
or the like, and pouring or otherwise contacting a sponge with the
molten mixture. Usually, the amount of molten material will be
about 0.3 to 0.7 grams per cubic centimeter of un-impregnated
sponge, although more or less molten material may be used.
Impregnation of the sponge can be assisted by kneading or otherwise
manipulating the sponge to cause the molten fabric conditioning
agent to penetrate further into the interior of the sponge. The
sponge used in the practice of the present invention may be of
natural or synthetic origin (e.g., a polyurethane foam). Desirably,
the pore size of the sponge will be relatively fine, usually
averaging between about 0.05-4 millimeters (e.g., 0.1 to 2 mm) in
diameter as measured in the plane of a cut surface of the
sponge.
After a sponge has been saturated or otherwise impregnated with
molten fabric conditioning agent, the impregnated sponge 7 will be
allowed to cool to room temperature. It will then become relatively
firm or rigid. When properly impregnated, the cell structure of the
sponge surface may still be seen (i.e., the cells are not
over-filled with fabric conditioning agent).
As previously indicated, it is desirable for the impregnated sponge
7 to be pre-positioned within the drum 2 of dryer 1. Although a
variety of means may be used to fasten the impregnated sponge 7 to
the dryer, the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 is particularly
effective. As shown in FIG. 2, an impregnated sponge pad 7 is
backed with cloth or heavy paper 9. To this assembly is attached
(by sewing or adhesives) the hook half 10 of a hook and loop
fastener (e.g., Velcro). The loop half 11 of the hook and loop
fastener is attached to an adhesive strip 12, one surface of which
is protected with glazed backing paper 13.
When it is desired to install the impregnated sponge 7 in a clothes
dryer 1, the glazed backing paper 13 can be removed from adhesive
strip 12 and the adhesive strip firmly secured by pressing it
against the leading edge of a dryer vane 6. The impregnated sponge
pad 7 can then be selectively attached or removed at will by merely
pressing the hook half 10 of the hook and loop fastener into the
loop half 11 of the hook and loop fastener, or by pulling the hook
and loop halves of the fasteners apart.
For some purposes, it may be desirable to reduce the rate of
transfer of fabric conditioning agent from impregnated sponge 7 to
the clothes 8, particularly during the early cycles in which the
impregnated sponge 7 is used. Improved control over the dispensing
rate of the fabric conditioning agent can be obtained by covering
the impregnated sponge 7 with a permeable material. As shown in
FIG. 3, this can be accomplished by encasing the impregnated sponge
pad 7 within a cloth envelope 14. The side of the envelope not
shown can be provided with fastening means (such as shown in FIG.
2) for attaching the envelope-covered, impregnated sponge 7 to a
portion of the dryer drum 2.
Fabric-Conditioning Agents
The fabric-conditioning agents useful in the practice of the
present invention are those chemicals used for fabric-conditioning,
particularly anti-static agents, which either soften when heated to
the operating temperature of a laundry dryer or which can be made
to soften at such temperatures by proper compounding with other
chemicals. Liquid fabric-conditioning agents are not practical for
use in the present invention unless they can be formed into a
suitable gel or other heat softenable solid. Thus, the use of solid
and semi-solid fabric-conditioning agents (particularly those which
impart anti-static properties) is preferred over the use of liquid
agents which are formed into a heat softenable mass.
A particularly useful class of fabric-conditioning agents comprises
the quaternary ammonium salts. Desirably, such quaternary salts
will be the chlorides and will contain at least one and usually two
C.sub.12 -C.sub.24 fatty acid radicals (e.g., C.sub.18 radicals).
One preferred product is dimethyl di (hydrogenated tallow) ammonium
chloride, whether used alone or in a mixture with other chemicals.
If desired, two or more fabric-conditioning agents can be blended
together. Additives can be used to improve bar-forming
characteristics, modify the softening point of the bar and to
control the rate of migration or penetration of the agents from the
contact surface of impregnated sponge 7 or through the permeable
portion of a dispenser in which the sponge is located.
A particular useful mixture of fabric-conditioning agents is a
mixture of stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and dimethyl
di (hydrogenated tallow) ammonium chloride in a weight ratio of
2-4:1.
In formulating any bar containing a fabric conditioner, the bar
should have a melting or softening point within the operating
temperature range of the dryer. It is helpful if the bar has a
softening point that is broad (i.e., it melts or softens over a
wide range of temperatures) as contrasted to a sharply defined or
narrow melting point. For many machine dryers, bars having a
softening point range of at least 10 C. .degree., and preferably at
least 20 C. .degree. are preferred. At the present time, the
optimum softening point of the bar appears to be within the range
of 50.degree.-90.degree.C.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following
specific example. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and
percentages are by weight.
EXAMPLE I
A 3/8 inch thick polyurethane sponge, of relatively fine porosity
(0.3 to 1 mm cell size), backed with a heavy glazed paper was cut
into rectangular pieces 13/8 by 23/4 inch. Next, the hook half of a
Velcro fastener 3/4 by 2 inch was sewn onto the paper backed side
of each sponge pad, with the hooks facing away from the paper
back.
A powdered blend consisting of 25 percent dimethyl di (hydrogenated
tallow) ammonium chloride, 72 percent stearyl dimethyl benzyl
ammonium chloride and 3 percent coconut monoethanol amide was
carefully heated (to avoid discoloration) to
160.degree.-180.degree.C in a beaker and poured over the sponges.
At 160.degree.C, it was found necessary to squeeze or knead the
sponges with a glass rod to work the molten fabric conditioner into
the sponge interior. At 180.degree.C, the molten fabric conditioner
readily penetrated the sponges with very little squeezing action.
Approximately 15-20 grams of the molten mixture was impregnated
into each sponge, the exact weight being determined by weighing the
sponges before and after impregnating. Before impregnation, the
sponges with fastener, each weighed about 2.2 grams. The
impregnated sponges were allowed to cool to room temperature.
whereupon they hardened or set up as a firm bar. After impregnation
and cooling, the cell structure at the sponge surfaces could still
be seen.
To complete the assembly of each sponge, the mating loop half of
the Velcro fastener was positioned over the hook half (now attached
to the impregnated sponge) and the two halves were pressed
together. Next a piece of double faced adhesive tape 3/4 by 2 by
1/16 inch was placed over the back side of the loop half of the
Velcro fastener and pressed to form a bond, leaving the glazed
protective paper of the urethane adhesive tape in place to protect
the virgin side of the tape. For test purposes the impregnated
sponges were attached to a suitable interior clothes dryer surface
by first thoroughly cleaning the immediate area of the attachment.
Next the glazed protective paper was removed from the urethane
adhesive tape and the impregnated sponge was positioned and pressed
onto the desired location. To assure firmer adhesion of the loop
side of the Velcro fastener, the impregnated sponge was carefully
detached and the adhering loop side (which remained attached to the
clothes dryer surface) was firmly pressed into place by rubbing
briskly with the fingers. The impregnated sponge was reattached to
the drum by carefully aligning the mating halves of the Velcro
fastener and pressing firmly.
Two of the impregnated sponges were evaluated by running a 20 cycle
wash and dry test using a normal 7-8 pound load of clothes with
dryer settings of: (a) 120.degree.F; and (b) 160.degree.F.
respectively. The actual exit air temperature was recorded at both
settings with a recording thermometer and found to be about
130.degree. and 150.degree.F., respectively, for these two
settings. The use of fabric softener for each cycle was determined
by detaching and weighing the impregnated sponge pad after each dry
cycle and reattaching it for the next cycle.
The weight loss during the early cycles was somewhat higher than
for the later cycles during the 20 cycle runs. The rate of weight
loss may be controlled by varying the porosity, varying the sponge
cell strength, impregnating the sponge with less fabric
conditioner, altering the softening range of the fabric
conditioner, covering the impregnated sponge with a thin, fine,
poromeric or permeable membrane, by using a sponge with
poregradient such that the base will have relatively large pores
and the contact surface will have relatively fine pores, or by
other means.
The 20 cycle wash and dry tests summarized in Table I (120.degree.F
Dryer Setting) and in Table II (160.degree.F Dryer Setting)
demonstrate the advantages of the present invention. "Marking"
refers to the possible tendency of the fabric softener to be
transferred to portions of the fabric in such large amount as to
leave readily detectable, visable marks on the fabric.
TABLE I
__________________________________________________________________________
WEIGHT LOSS AND PERFORMANCE OF SPONGE IMPREGNATED ANTISTAT OF
EXAMPLE I DRYER SETTING 120.degree.F
__________________________________________________________________________
Number of Wash & Dry Weight of Weight Cycles Impregnated
loss/cycle Observation for Static, Completed Sponge gms Cling,
Marking, etc.
__________________________________________________________________________
0 14.3g -- -- 5 11.6 0.5g No static or clinging, tangling,
knotting, no marking for all cycles 10 10.9 0.14 No static or
clinging, tangling, knotting, no marking for all cycles 15 10.5
0.10 No static or clinging, tangling, knotting, no marking for all
cycles 20 10.1 0.10 No static or clinging, tangling, knotting no
marking for all cycles Average weight loss/cycle for 20 cycles: 0.2
gm.
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE II
__________________________________________________________________________
WEIGHT LOSS AND PERFORMANCE OF SPONGE IMPREGNATED ANTISTAT OF
EXAMPLE I DRYER SETTING 160.degree.F
__________________________________________________________________________
Number of Wash & Dry Weight of Weight Cycles Impregnated
loss/cycle Observation for Static, Completed Sponge gms Cling,
Marking, etc.
__________________________________________________________________________
0 19.7 -- -- 5 15.0 0.9 No static or clinging, tangling, knotting,
no marking for all cycles 10 13.3 0.3 No static or clinging,
tangling, knotting, no marking for all cycles 15 12.2 0.2 No static
or clinging, tangling, knotting no marking for all cycles 20 11.2
0.2 No static or clinging, tangling, knotting no marking for all
cycle Average weight loss/cycle for 20 cycles: 0.42 gm.
__________________________________________________________________________
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