U.S. patent number 3,869,815 [Application Number 05/430,630] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-11 for garment finishing apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to W. M. Cissell Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Norman J. Bullock.
United States Patent |
3,869,815 |
Bullock |
March 11, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
GARMENT FINISHING APPARATUS
Abstract
A garment finishing apparatus for dewrinkling clothes including
a cabinet into the interior of which clothes to be finished are
placed via a door, a steam generator for converting water into
steam which is then emitted into the interior of the cabinet for
dewrinkling the clothes, the steam generator being characterized by
instantaneously converting the water into steam and generating a
predetermined quantity of steam per garment refinishing cycle
irrespective of the pressure at which the water is supplied to the
steam generator, and air circulating and heating means for
recirculating hot air through the interior of the cabinet to dry
the previously steamed clothes. In a portable iron embodiment
incorporating a remotely located steam generator connected to the
iron via a flexible hose, a pulsing circuit interconnected between
a manual electrical switch and the pressure-insensitive valve is
provided to avoid flooding should the manual switch be actuated for
an extended period of time. This application is a
continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 267,518, filed June
29, 1972 entitled "Garment Finishing Apparatus", and now U.S. Pat.
No. 3,085,561.
Inventors: |
Bullock; Norman J. (Prospect,
KY) |
Assignee: |
W. M. Cissell Manufacturing
Company (Louisville, KY)
|
Family
ID: |
26952482 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/430,630 |
Filed: |
January 4, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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267518 |
Jun 29, 1972 |
3085561 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
38/77.6; 219/401;
223/51; 392/399 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06F
75/06 (20130101); D06F 73/02 (20130101); F22B
1/287 (20130101); G07F 17/00 (20130101); D06F
75/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F22B
1/00 (20060101); F22B 1/28 (20060101); D06F
73/00 (20060101); D06F 75/06 (20060101); D06F
73/02 (20060101); D06F 75/00 (20060101); G07F
17/00 (20060101); D06f 075/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;38/77.5,77.6
;223/51 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawson; Patrick D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wood, Herron & Evans
Claims
I claim:
1. A steam generator connectable to a supply of variable pressure
water for providing in response to actuation of a switch steam at a
specified rate irrespective of water pressure variations,
comprising:
a heat sink having a high temperature surface defining a cavity
therein communicating with the atmosphere for containing in contact
therewith water which boils at a specified temperature,
a heater in heat transfer relationship to said heat sink for
heating said heat sink surface to said high temperature, said high
temperature being substantially above said specified boiling
temperature,
a thermostatic regulator for maintaining said heat sink surface at
approximately said high temperture,
a valve having an outlet connected to said heat sink and having an
inlet connectable to said variable pressure water supply, said
valve constructed to provide, when open, an output water flow at a
constant rate per unit time independent of water supply pressure
fluctuations, and
valve control means responsive to continued actuation of said
switch for intermittently opening said valve to cause said valve to
deliver to said heat sink, on an intermittent basis, a specified
quantity of water directly correlated to the time duration said
switch is continuously actuated, said intermittent opening of said
valve being at a relatively low duty cycle to avoid flooding of
said heat sink by prolonged and continuous actuation of said
switch.
2. The steam generator of claim 1 wherein said switch is an
electrical switch and said valve control means includes:
a pulse generator responsive to said switch for providing low duty
cycle electrical pulses when said switch is continuously actuated,
and
an electromechanical actuator responsive to said pulses for
intermittently opening said valve to cause said valve to deliver to
said heat sink, on an intermittent basis, a specified quantity of
water directly correlated to the time duration said electrical
switch is continuously actuated.
3. A steam generator connectable to a supply of variable pressure
water for providing a specified quantity of steam irrespective of
water pressure variations, comprising:
a heat sink having a high temperature surface defining a cavity
therein communicating with the atmosphere for containing in contact
therewith a charge of water which boils at a specified
temperature,
a heater in heat transfer relationship to said heat sink for
heating said heat sink surface to said high temperature, said high
temperature being substantially above said specified boiling
temperature,
a thermostatic regulator for maintaining said heat sink surface at
approximately said high temperature,
a valve having an outlet connected to said heat sink and having an
inlet connectable to said variable pressure water supply, said
valve constructed to provide, when actuated, an output water flow
at a constant rate per unit time independent of water supply
pressure fluctuations, and
valve control means for controlling the actuation of said valve to
cause said valve to deliver to said heat sink a specified quantity
of water directly correlated to the time duration said valve is
actuated by said valve control means.
4. The combination comprising:
a portable electric iron,
a supply of pressurized water at a pressure which varies
unpredictably with time,
an electrical switch mounted to said iron,
a heat sink having a high temperature surface defining a cavity
therein at substantially atmospheric pressure for containing in
contact therewith water which boils at a specified temperature,
a heater in heat transfer relationship to said heat sink for
heating said heat sink surface to a high temperature, said high
temperature being substantially above said specified boiling
temperature,
a thermostatic regulator for maintaining said heat sink surface at
approximately said high temperature,
a valve controlled by said switch and having an outlet connected to
said heat sink and having an inlet connected to said variable
pressure water supply, said valve constructed to provide, when
open, an output water flow at a constant rate per unit time
independent of water supply pressure fluctuations, and
a flexible steam conduit connecting said heat sink cavity to said
portable electric iron for facilitating application of steam
generated by said heat sink to a fabric being pressed by said
portable iron.
5. The combination of Claim 4 further comprising:
valve control means interconnecting said switch and said valve and
responsive to continued actuation of said switch for intermittently
opening said valve to cause said valve to deliver to said heat
sink, on an intermittent basis, a specified quantity of water
directly correlated to the time duration said switch is
continuously actuated, said intermittent opening of said valve
being at a relatively low duty cycle to avoid flooding of said heat
sink by prolonged and continuous actuation of said switch.
Description
This invention relates to apparatus for dewrinkling clothes by
subjecting them to a steaming and hot air drying operation and more
particularly to garment dewrinkling apparatus and steam generator
therefore which generates steam instantaneously and in a
predetermined amount of irrespective of random fluctuations in
pressure of the water supplied to the apparatus from which the
steam is generated.
In recent years, particularly as a consequence of the rising
popularity of garments made of synthetic fibers, it has been the
practice to dewrinkle, and in effect, press synthetic fiber
garments by subjecting them to high temperature moisture,
preferably steam, followed by drying in which the garments are
subjected to a continuous stream of hot air. Garment dewringkling
apparatus of the type described typically includes a cabinet in
which the garments are placed, suspended from hangers, during the
moisturizing and drying cycles, a source of steam of subjecting the
garments to a moisturizing environment, and a source of warm air
for drying the garments after they have been steamed.
The dewrinkling cabinets which first appeared in use were designed
for installation in commercial drycleaning establishments where the
daily volume of garments is large. These machines were relatively
elaborate and complex. Typically, such machines used a separate
pressurized steam boiler and condensate return system which would
generate steam on a more or less continuous basis throughout the
day. An operator, desiring to subject garments in the cabinet to a
specified amount of steam equivalent to, for example, 8 ounces of
water, would merely leave the garments in the cabinet for a
specified length of time. Since steam was being generated
continuously and at some controlled, but substantial pressure and
at a relatively constant rate, a garment, with relatively good
accuracy, could be subjected to a given quantity of steam, which
has been found to be desirable, by leaving it in the steam cabinet
for a specified length of time.
With the increase in popularity of synthetic fiber garments which
are efficiently dewrinkled by steam treatment, and with the trend
toward coin-operated, self-service laundry and drycleaning
establishments, there has arisen a need for a self-contained
garment dewrinkling cabinet of the steam type which is suitable for
installation in coin-operated, self-service drycleaning
establishments and which can be operated with uniform and
satisfactory results by unskilled customers rather than trained
operator-employees of commercial drycleaning establishments of the
non-self-service type. Unfortunately, and due to the differing
circumstances existing in coin-operated, self-service drycleaning
establishments vis-a-vis commercial drycleaning establishments, the
steam cabinet heretofore satisfactory for large-scale commercial
drycleaning establishments utilizing trained personnel to operate
the equipment on a continuous basis has not proven satisfactory for
the self-service, coin-operated drycleaning establishment having
considerably smaller volume, intermittent operation, and customers
untrained in the operation of the equipment.
First the separate steam boiler present in large-scale commercial
steaming units requires substantial floor space. This problem is
particularly acute in coin-operated, self-service installations
where floor space is expensive. Second, large-scale commercial
steaming units with their separate pressurized boilers and return
system often conflict with local building code restrictions
relating to pressure vessels and water discharge, with the result
that installation is complicated, and in some cases prevented.
Third, with commercial boiler installations the expense of boiling
water treatment is substantial. Fourth, the pressurization of the
boiler unit in a large-scale commercial unit poses a hazard from
explosion. Fifth, the substantial cost of the large-scale
commercial steam cabinet, a significant cost factor of which is the
cost of the steam generator, while tolerable in a large volume
operation, is intolerable in a small-scale, coin-operated,
self-service establishment where the unit may be used only fiften
minutes each hour. While attempts have been made to reduce the cost
of commercial installation dewrinkling apparatus by substituting,
for the large-scale steam generating boiler, a simplified steam
generator of the immersion heater type wherein a specified amount
of water, for example 8 ounces, is dumped into a pan containing a
heat coil, the results have been generally unsatisfactory. The
delay with an immersion heater between the time the water is
inserted in the pan until steam begins to be generated is still
significant, on the order of 30 seconds - 2 minutes. Additionally,
there is no quarantee that all the water dumped into the pan will
be converted into steam inasmuch as some of the water in the bottom
of the pan may not come into contact with the immersion heater and,
hence, may not become heated sufficiently to be converted into
steam.
It has, therefore, been an objective of this invention to provide a
steam cabinet operable by customers having no special
machine-operating skills, which in small-scale, coin-operated,
self-service drycleaning and laundering establishments or other
likely locations, e.g., motel and hotel lobbies, vending areas,
etc. having no special machine-operating skills. This objective has
been accomplished in accordance with certain principles of this
invention by providing a steam cabinet having a highly novel and
unobvious steam generating unit utilizing the combination of a heat
sink having a water-receiving cavity which is maintained at a
temperature substantially above the boiling point of water to
convert water input to it into very low pressure steam on an
instantaneous basis, and a means for supplying to the heat sink
cavity a predetermined quantity of water for steam generation
which, in a preferred from, includes a timer-controlled valve
connectable to an unregulated pressure city water main which
provides a water flow output which is constant irrespective of
fluctuations in the pressure of the water main. In operation, in
this invention, the water valve under the control of the timer is
opened for a specified time, for example, 10 seconds, during which
a predetermined quantity of water, such as 8 ounces, is dumped into
the heat sink cavity, and as a consequence of the elevated
temperature of the heat sink and the fact that all the water is in
contact with it, the water is converted into steam without any
delay and continues until the entire amount of the water has been
converted to steam, thereby producing a predetermined quantity of
steam on an instantaneous basis.
The steam generator of this invention, particularly by virtue of
the timer-controlled, pressure-insensitive valve, is particularly
advantageous for use in commercial coin-operated, self-service
drycleaning and laundry establishments. In such establishments,
which typically have from 20 to 50 water-consuming washing
machines, the pressure in the city water main at the installation
varies considerably and in an unpredictable manner due to the
unscheduled operation of the clothes washers, which is random both
with respect to time of operation and number of machines operating
at any given time. With this invention the timer-controlled valve
is insensitive to pressure variations in the local supply main, and
a constant charge of water, dependent only on the time duration of
valve operation, is obtained. Thus, uniformity in quantity of steam
generation per garment treating cycle is obtained.
The steam generator of this invention, which combines, inter alia,
a pressure-insensitive valve with a heat sink, has also been found
to possess an unusually high degree of utility in applications
involving portable combination steam/electric irons. A conventional
portable steam/electric iron of the type useful in commercial
drycleaning and laundry operations typically includes an
electrically heated sole plate, the bottom surface of which
contacts the fabric being pressued, as well as means to apply steam
to the fabric as it is being ironed. The portable steam/electric
iron is also provided with a handle, enabling the operator to
manipulate it.
The portable irons of the type used in commercial laundry and dry
cleaning establishments, the steam applied to the fabric as it is
being ironed is obtained from a remote steam generating unit and
transported to the iron via a flexible hose. In view of the rather
substantial steam required in portable irons used in commercial
businesses, remotely located large capacity steam generators
separate from the iron itself are necessary. This is in contrast to
portable irons common for home use where the steam requirements are
low and can be generated within the iron itself.
It has been found that the steam generator of this invention can be
advantageously used as a remote source of steam for portable irons
of the type used in commercial drycleaning and laundry
establishments. When the steam generator of this invention, which
combines a pressure-insensitive valve connected between an
unregulated-pressure public water supply and a heat sink, is used
to supply steam to a portable iron via a hose, it has been the
practice for the operator to control the water valve from a
manually-operable switch at the iron. When the operator desires
steam, the manually-controlled switch, which may be mounted on the
iron itself, is activated to open the pressure-insensitive valve
and cause water to be supplied to the heat sink for conversion into
steam and application to the fabric via the flexible hose
connecting the remote steam generator with the iron.
However, in using the steam generator of this invention with
portable irons in the manner indicated, a problem has arisen.
Specifically, the problem involves the tendency of an operator
manually controlling the water valve to supply water to the steam
generator by excessively prolonged actuation of the
manually-controlled switch, such that water is supplied at a rate
for greater than can be formed into steam for transport to the
portable iron, with the result that the steam generator becomes
flooded, deleteriously affecting its operation. As noted, the
flooding is produced due to the fact that the employee/operator of
the commercial laundry and drycleaning establishment typically
activates the pressure-insensitive flow valve, which controls the
supply of water to the steam generator from a city water supply,
for periods of time far in excess of that required.
Accordingly, it has been an objective of this invention to provide
a portable iron with a steam generator having a heat sink and
pressure-insensitive valve, in which the generation of steam is
under control of the operator, and which is free of any tendency to
flood the heat sink with water should the operator activate the
manually-controlled pressure-insensitive valve for extended periods
of time. This objective has been accomplished in accordance with
further principles of this invention by interconnecting, between a
pressure-insensitive valve of the solenoid type and a
manually-controlled valve-actuating electrical switch, a low-duty
cycle electrical pulser which intermittently energizes the
solenoid, effectively opening the valve on an intermittent basis
for only a small fraction of the time the manually-controlled
switch is actually actuated by the operator. In a preferred form
the pulser generates, in response to continuous actuation of the
manually-controlled switch, electrical pulses having a duty cycle
of approximately 5 percent, with the result that the
solenoid-operated pressure-insensitive valve is actually only
placed in an open condition 5 percent of the time interval the
manual control is operated.
With this invention, the quantity of steam generated is directly
correlated to the duration the manually-controlled switch is
actuated by the operator and independent of any pressure
fluctuations in the public water supply to which the steam
generator is connected. Further, since the steam generator is input
via the pressure-insensitive valve with water from the public water
supply for only a small fraction, e.g., 5percent, of the interval
during which the manually controlled switch is operated, flooding
of the steam generator is eliminated should the manually-controlled
switch be operated by the user of the portable steam iron for an
extended or excessive period.
These and other advantages and objectives of the invention will be
more readily apparent from a detailed description of the drawings
in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially cut-away, of the steam
cabinet of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view through the lower portion
of the steam cabinet showing the relationship of the air
circulating passages, steam generator, and air heater; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the steam
generator of this invention, and associated electrical control
circuitry, for use with a portable steam iron having a
manually-operated steam control actuator.
The preferred embodiment of the garment conditioner depicted in
FIGS. 1 and 2 includes as its principal components a cabinet 10 in
which the garments to be conditioned or dewrinkled are placed, a
steam generator 16 for introducing into the cabinet interior to
dewrinkle the garments a predetermined quantity of steam each
operating cycle, an air circulating system 12 for recirculating air
within the cabinet, and an air heating unit 14 which heats the
circulating air to facilitate drying the garments which have been
steamed.
The cabinet 10 is generally box-like and includes opposite side
walls 10-1 and 10-2, a top 10-3, a bottom 10-4, and a back 10-5 and
front 10-6 having an opening 10-7 provided with a hinged door 10-8
for selective placement and removal of garments in the cabinet
interior 10-9. A stationary support bracket 18 spannning the back
and front walls 10-5 and 10-6 has hangers 20 suspended from it for
supporting garments in vertical disposition within the cabinet
interior 10-9. A false ceiling is provided having planar sections
21 and 22 which slope downwardly and outwardly from a common
junction line 23 extending from front to back along the interior of
the cabinet top 10-3. The downwardly and laterally extending slope
of false ceiling sections 21 and 22 reduces the likelihood that
steam condensing on the false ceiling will drip onto garments
suspended from hangers 20. Condensed steam will have a tendency to
roll down the sloping false ceiling sections onto the interior of
side walls 10-1 and false side wall 26 and thence to the bottom of
the cabinet where it is removed via evaporation. The cabinet 10 as
noted is provided with the false side wall 26 which runs from the
lower edge of the false ceiling section 22 to the bottom panel
10-4. The false side panel 26 and false ceiling panel 22 enclose
components of the air circulating system 12 to be described in more
detail hereafter. A false bottom 27 having a rectangular opening 28
is also included in the cabinet 10. The false bottom functions to
enclose the steam generator 16 and in combination with the lower
portions of the front wall 10-6, rear wall 10-5, and side walls
10-1 and 26, and bottom panel 10-4, forms a duct, passage or cavity
36 for distributing air from the air circulating system 12 to the
cabinet interior 10-9 via the opening 28. Located over the opening
28 is the air-pervious heater 14 for heating air entering the
cabinet interior 10-9 via opening 28. The cabinet 10, including its
various walls, panels and the like, are preferably fabricated of
sheet metal.
The air circulating system, considered in more detail, includes a
blower motor unit 25 located in the space between false ceiling
panel section 22 and cabinet top 10-3. The blower unit 25 has an
inlet port or duct 31 which communicates with the interior of the
cabinet 10-9 via an opening in the false ceiling panel section 22
and an outlet 32. A duct 34 located in the space between false side
wall 26 and side panel 10-2 connects the outlet 32 of the blower 25
to the cavity 36 lying between the false bottom 27 and the bottom
panel 10-4. The lower end 38 of the duct 34 communicates with the
cavity 36 via a suitable opening in the lower portion of false side
wall 26, which lower side wall portion forms one side of the
structure defining cavity 36. When the blower motor unit 25 is
energized, air from the cabinet interior 10-9 enters the motor
inlet duct 31 at the top of the cabinet interior and exits under
pressure from the motor outlet 32 where it is transported
downwardly by the duct 34 to the cavity 36 underlying the false
bottom 27. The air in the cavity 36 is then distributed upwardly
through the false bottom opening 28, passing through the heater 14,
wherein it becomes heated, to the interior of the cabinet 10-9,
drying garments on hangers 20 previously subjected to a steam cycle
to be described. Eventually the air again enters the blower motor
inlet 31 and the recirculation process is repeated. A portion,
e.g., 10 percent, of the air entering the blower inlet 31 exhausts
to the atmosphere via a vent hole 67 provided in the blower outlet
side of the motor 32, to facilitate removal of moisture from the
cabinet interior 10-5. By design, cracks exist in the cabinet 10 by
virtue of imperfect sealing of the door 10-8 with cabinet opening
10-7 to permit make-up air to enter the cabinet interior 10-9 and
avoid creation of a significant vacuum in the cabinet interior as a
controlled quantity of air is exhausted at opening 67 to remove
moisture when the blower motor unit 25 is energized.
The air heater which overlies the opening 28 in false bottom 27 may
take a variety of forms. Preferably the heater is a resistance
heating coil having a number of strands 40-1, 40-2, 40-3 spanning
the opening 28 in a horizontal plane. Strands 40-1, 40-2 and 40-3
are anchored at each end to square cross-section transverse channel
members 33, 33 mounted to the upper surface of false bottom 27
adjacent the opposite sides of opening 28. The resistance heating
strands 40-1, 40-2 and 40-3 are connected to a suitable source of
electrical current (not shown) and when energized from such current
source becomes sufficiently elevated in temperature to heat the
recirculating air as it passes upwardly into the cabinet interior
10-9 via opening 28 in the false bottom 27.
The air heater 14 also preferably includes an air pervious,
perforated cover plate 42 disposed in a horizontal plane to the
opening 28 and overlying the heating strands 40-1, 40-2, 40-3. The
perforated plate 42 protects garments, which inadvertently may fall
from the hangers 20 to the bottom of the cabinet--from being burned
which would otherwise result where the plate omitted and the
falling garments to come into direct contact with the heating
strands 40-1, 40-2, 40-3. Also, since the perforated plate 42, by
virtue of its proximity to the heating strands 40-1, 40-2, 40-3,
becomes heated, it provides additional heat transfer surface for
heating the circulating air entering the cabinet interior 10-9 via
opening 28.
A pair of upwardly and inwardly disposed plates 30, 30 are secured
to false bottom 27 adjacent the front and rear edges of the opening
28 and deflect the air issuing from opening 28 to the center of the
cabinet interior 10-9.
The steam generator 16, which is located in the cavity 36
underlying the false bottom 27, provides two principal and highly
advantageous operating characteristics. These are, first, the
generation of steam instantaneous upon introduction of water into
the steam generator from a local supply such as a water main and,
second, the generation of steam in a predetermined quantity per
garment conditioning cycle irrespective of variations in pressure
of the local water supply to which the steam generator is
connected. To accomplish these advantages, the steam generator 16
includes a heat sink 50 in the form of a block having a planar
horizontal surface 51, the circumferential edge of which is
completely surrounded by an upstanding wall 52 to form a cavity or
receptacle 53. The heat sink 50 is preferably fabricated of
material such as cast iron having a low specific heat and high
density. The cavity 52 is sealed by a metal plate 54 which seats on
the upper edge of upstanding wall sections 52. A heater 55,
preferably of the electrical resistance type, is mounted to the
bottom surface of the heat sink block 50 for heating the block when
energized from a power supply 41 under the control of a
thermostatic regulator 56 which responds to a temperature sensor 57
imbedded or attached to the heat sink 50. Preferably two
temperature-sensing elements 57 (only one of which is shown) are
provided. One of the temperature-sensing elements causes the
thermostatic regulator 56 to terminate energization of the heat 55
when the heat sink 50 has reached a desired upper temperature
limit, e.g., 450.degree.F. while the other temperature sensor
precludes the commencing of another cycle until the heat sink has
at least reached some predetermined lower temperature limit, such
as 400.degree.F. The temperature sensors 57 and thermostatic
regulator 56 are conventional and well known components in the
heating field and, accordingly, are not further described
herein.
When a predetermined amount, or charge, of water is introduced into
the cavity 53, by means to be described, a conversion of water to
steam occurs instantaneously as the water contacts the heat sink
surface 51 which is maintained at a high temperature substantially
above the temperature at which water boils under the atmospheric
air pressure conditions present in cavity 53. The heat sink 50
preferably has a mass and specific heat selected to store heat in
an amount sufficient to prevent the temperature of the surface 51
from dropping below, or even near, the boiling point of water in
the course of converting to steam the predetermined quantity of
water, or charge, introduced into the cavity 53 per garment
conditioning cycle. In this way the charge of water introduced into
cavity 53 will continue to be converted into steam from the moment
of its introduction into the cavity until all of the water has been
boiled.
Communicating with the cavity 53 of the heat sink 50 is a water
conduit 60 which connects to a conventional unregulated pressure
water supply 61 via a constant flow output, pressure insensitive
valve 62 controlled by a timer 63. It is essential that the valve
62 be of the general type which provides at its output a constant
flow rate per unit time independent of fluctuations in pressure of
the fluid entering its inlet. Controlling the valve 62 is a timer
63 which, under command of a signal from a control circuit (not
shown) functions to open the valve 62 for a predetermined period of
time, thereby effecting delivery of a predetermined quantity of
water, for example, 12 ounces, from unregulated pressure water
supply 61 to the heat sink cavity 53, irrespective of variations in
the pressure of the water supply 61 to which the steam generator 16
may be connected.
Provision of means to provide a constant quantity of water to the
steam generator 16 irrespective of pressure fluctuations in the
water supply to which the steam generator is connected is
particularly advantageous when the steam cabinet is utilized in a
conventional self-service, coin-operated laundry and drycleaning
installation having a large number, for example, 20-50, clothes
washers. In such an installation, the pressure of the local water
supply 61, for example, the city water main, will vary to a large
extent depending upon the number of clothes washers being utilized
at any given time. Obviously, every time a clothes washer begins to
draw water from the city main, there is a drop in pressure of the
water supply, at least temporarily. the combination of valve 62 and
timer 63 of this invention provides a predetermined quantity of
water to the steam generator cavity 53 for generation into steam
and subsequent conditioning of clothes in the steam cabinet 10,
notwithstanding unpredictable fluctuations in pressure of the city
water main which are prevalent in self-service, coin-operated
installations where clothes washers utilize water at unpredictable
times and rates.
Communicating with the interior 53 of the steam generator heat sink
50 is a tubular fitting 64 which has extending from opposite arms
thereof tubular branch conduits 65 and 66 which pass through the
false bottom 27 of the steam cabinet and channels 33, 33
terminating with their exit ends 65' and 66' in the cabinet
interior 10-9. Tubular fitting 64, in combination with the branch
conduits 65 and 66, are unrestricted and distribute steam to the
interior of the cabinet 10-9 generated in the cavity 53 when the
water input thereto via conduit 60 vaporizes upon contact with the
heated sink surface 51.
An important aspect of this invention is the fact that by
maintaining the heat sink 50 at a temperature substantially above
the boiling point of water, steam is instantaneously generated as
an incident to introduction of water into the heat sink cavaity 53
via conduit 60. Thus, the normal delays commonplace when
conventional immersion water heaters and the like are used are
avoided. Another important characteristic of this invention is that
the steam generator provides a predetermined quantity of steam per
garment conditioning cycle irrespective of fluctuations in pressure
of the city water main to which the steam generator is connected. A
third advantage of this invention is that all the water introduced
into the cavity 53 is converted to steam since at all times the
water is in contact with the heated surface 51. This is contrary to
the operation of immersion heaters where often some of the water in
the bottom of the pan in which the immersion heater is located is
out of contact with the immersion heating element and, hence, is
not converted to steam. Additionally, since the cavity 51 is open
to the atmosphere via tubes 65 and 65', the steam produced is at a
low pressure and non-hazardous. Finally, by locating the heat sink
50 in the path of the recirculating air, the air will be heated by
the heat sink as well as by heating strands 40-1, 40-2, 40-3 as it
flows through cavity 36.
While the invention has been described as useful in vaporizing
water, it will be understood that other fluids susceptive of
vaporization with the apparatus of this invention may be employed,
and accordingly the term "water" as used in the claims includes
such other fluids.
The invention has been described in conjunction with a steam
cabinet, but it is of equal value in other steam operated devices
such as steam irons, spotting boards and form finishers and it is
intended that this invention apply to these and other devices using
evaporated fluids. For example, when the invention is used in the
steam iron, the timer 63 controlling the valve 62 is replaced by a
manually operated switch which opens the valve for a variable
interval dependent upon the deviation of manual actuation of the
switch to provide a charge of water which is independent of water
supply pressure variations and dependent only upon the duration of
switch actuation. Of course, when used in a steam iron the steam
tubes 65 and 65' communicate with the steam emission holes in the
bottom of the iron.
With reference to FIG. 3, a portable iron 98 is shown adapted to be
provided with steam from a remote steam generator 120 constructed
in accordance with the principles of this invention. The portable
iron 98 includes a sole plate 100 having a bottom surface 102 which
is designed to slidingly engage the fabric being pressed. The sole
plate 100 is maintained at a desired temperature dependent upon the
nature of the fabric being pressed by an electrical resistance
heating element 104 which is in heat transfer relationship to the
sole plate. The resistance heating element 104 is connected between
positive and negative power lines 128 and 130 via a
thermostatically controlled switch 105 which is responsive to a
temperature-sensing element 107 embedded in the sole plate 100.
When the temperature of the sole plate 100 reaches the
predetermined desired level, the movable contact 105A of the
thermostatically controlled switch 105 transfers from a
closed-circuit condition to an open-circuit condition, terminating
energization of the resistance heating element 104. Conversely,
when the temperature of the sole plate 100 drops below the
predeterined level, the thermostatically controlled switch element
105 reverts to a closed-circuit condition re-energizing the
resistance heating element 104, in turn increasing the temperature
of the sole plate 100 to the desired level.
Located above the combination resistance heating element and sole
plate 100, 104 is a housing 106 which in combination with the
resistance heating element 104 defines a cavity 108 into which
steam is introduced via flexible hose 112 connected to the remote
steam generator 120. Steam introduced into the cavity 108 is
applied to the fabric being pressed via a pluraity of perforations
113 provided in the combination resistance heating element 104 and
sole plate 100.
The housing 106 is provided with a handle 114 for facilitating
manipulation of the iron. A manually operated single pole, single
throw electrical switch 116 conveniently mounted to the handle 114
is provided to control, in a manner to be described, the generation
of steam by the steam generator 120 which, via hose 112, cavity 108
and perforations 113 is ultimately applied to the fabric being
ironed.
The steam generator 120 includes a heat sink 122 comprising a
bottom 122A, sides 122B and a top 122C which collectively establish
a cavity 122D. The heat sink 122 is maintained at a predetermined
temperature, for example 450.degree.F, by a thermostatically
controlled electrical resistance heating element 124, which is
preferably embedded in the base 122A of the heat sink 122. The
resistance heating element 124 is connected between power lines 128
and 130 via a htermostatically controlled switch 126. Switch 126 is
responsive to a temperature sensing element 126A embedded in the
heat sink 122. When the temperature of the heat sink 122 as sensed
by the temperature sensing element 126 reaches the desired
450.degree. temperature level, the movable contact 126B thereof is
transferred from a closed-circuit condition to an open-circuit
condition, de-energizing the resistance heating element 124. When
the heat heat sink temperature has dropped below the predetermined
450.degree.F limit, the temperature sensing element 126A places the
movable contact 126B in a closed-circuit condition, re-energizing
the resistance heating element 124 to return the temperature of the
heat sink to the desired level.
Water is supplied to the cavity 122D of the heat sink 122 for
conversion into steam and ultimate application to the fabric via
hose 112, cavity 108 and perforations 113, from a public water main
132 which is unregulated with respect to pressure. Specifically,
water is input to the heat sink cavity 122D via a water pipe 134 in
which is placed a pressure-insensitive valve 136 of the type
described in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 2, namely, of
the type which provides a constant output flow rate irrespective of
the pressure of the public water supply 132. Thus, when the valve
136 is open, the flow rate through the valve from the public water
supply 132 to the cavity 122D will be constant irrespective of
fluctuations in the pressure of the public water supply.
The valve 136 is placed in an open condition to permit the flow of
water therethrough under the control of the movable armature 138A
of a solenoid 138. Armature 138A is mechanically linked to the
valve operator by suitable means, shown schematically with dotted
line 140. Solenoid valve 138 is energized by an electrical pulse
generator 142, across whose output terminals 142A and 142B the
solenoid 138 is connected. The pulser 142, when energized in a
manner to be described, provides across its output terminals 142A
and 142B pulses of the general nature of waveform 142E. The pulses
output from the pulse generator 142 have a low duty cycle, i.e.,
have a pulse width which is a small fraction of the pulse spacing,
preferably one-twentieth (5 percent).
In practice a pulse width of 0.02 seconds and a pulse spacing of
0.38 seconds has been found satisfactory. Obviously, other pulse
widths and spacings could be used to avoid flooding of the heat
sink cavity.
The pulser 142, which has its output terminals 142A and 142B
connected across the solenoid 138, has its input terminals 142C and
142D connected across the power lines 128 and 130 via the manually
operated electrical switch 116 mounted on the iron handle 114 and a
relay contact 150A of a relay 150. Relay 150 is connected between
power lines 128 and 130 via a thermostatically controlled switch
152 responsive to a temperature sensing element 152A embedded in
the heat sink 122. When the temperature of the heat sink exceeds a
predetermined low temperature limit, e.g., 400.degree.F, the
movable contact 150B of thermostatically controlled switch 152 is
placed in a closed-circuit condition, energizing relay 150, in turn
closing relay contact 150A. With relay contact 150A in a
closed-circuit condition, the pulser 142 is enabled, that is, is
readied for energization upon actuation of the manually controlled
switch 116.
Assuming the heat sink 122 has reached a predetermined low
temperature limit, which low temperature limit is selected to
assure conversion to steam of all water input to cavity 122D via
valve 136 at a rate established by the combined operation of the
pulser and the valve, the movable contact 152B of thermostatically
controlled switch 152 will close, energizing relay 150, in turn
closing relay contact 150A to enable the pulser 142 to be energized
upon subsequent actuation of switch 116. Under such circumstances,
when the manually operated switch 116 is placed in its
closed-circuit condition, the pulser 142 will be energized. With
the pulser 142 energized, the low duty cycle pulses are input to
the solenoid 138 energizing this solenoid on an intermittent basis
in synchronism with the intermittent pulses provided by the pulser.
So long as the heat sink temperature exceeds 400.degree.F and the
switch 116 is actuated, the solenoid 138 will be intermittently
energized at low duty cycle, in turn placing, via solenoid armature
138A, the valve 136 in an open-condition on an intermittent basis,
allowing water to intermittently flow from the public water supply
132 to the heat sink cavity 122D. The intermittent energization of
the solenoid 138 and intermittent operation of the valve 136 are in
synchronism with the intermittent pulses provided by pulser 142.
The duty cycle of the pulses output from the pulse generator 142
and the flow rate of the valve 136 when in its open condition are
selected such that if the switch 116 is maintained closed, all
water input to the cavity 122D will be converted to steam, thereby
avoiding flooding of the cavity 122D.
The low duty cycle pulses, which preferably have a pulse width
equal to approximately 5 percent of the pulse spacing, as noted,
intermittently produce opening of the valve 136 on a
correspondingly low duty cycle basis. For example, if the manually
operated switch 116 is closed continuously for a 4-second interval,
ten equally spaced pulses having a width of 0.02 seconds and a
spacing of 0.38 seconds will be input to the solenoid 138 in turn
opening the valve 136 for ten equally spaced 0.02 second intervals.
By utilizing a low duty cycle to operate the valve in response to
the manual switch 116, should the switch be maintained in a
closed-circuit condition on a continuous basis for a protracted
period of time, the intermittently operated valve 136 will provide
to the heat sink cavity 122D from the public water supply 132 a
quantity of water which will be fully converted into steam by the
generator 120, thereby avoiding flooding of the heat sink cavity
122D. Thus, even if the operator were to maintain the switch 116 in
a closed-circuit condition for an extended period, the valve 136 is
operated on a low duty cycle, intermittent basis, preventing
flooding of the cavity 122D with water.
The pulser 142 may take a variety of form and, for example, may
consist of a free-running, or astable, multivibrator which is
asymmetric in the sense that the pulser width is unequal to the
pulse spacing such as is represented by wave form 142E.
From the foregoing disclosure of the general principles of the
present invention and the above description of the preferred
embodiment, those skilled in the art will readily comprehend
various modifications to which the present invention is
susceptible. Accordingly, I desire to be limited only by the scope
of the following claims:
* * * * *