U.S. patent number 3,868,728 [Application Number 05/401,301] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-04 for surgical gown.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Johnson & Johnson. Invention is credited to Henrietta K. Krzewinski.
United States Patent |
3,868,728 |
Krzewinski |
March 4, 1975 |
SURGICAL GOWN
Abstract
A disposable surgical gown provided with a front panel having a
central operative field comprising a liquid impervious material
having an absorbent outer surface. Preferably, the sleeves comprise
a liquid impervious layer and have an absorbent inner surface for
absorbing perspiration, thus making the gown more comfortable to
wear. The remaining portions of the gown preferably comprise a
disposable liquid repellent nonwoven fabric.
Inventors: |
Krzewinski; Henrietta K. (Old
Bridge, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Johnson & Johnson (New
Brunswick, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
23587173 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/401,301 |
Filed: |
September 27, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/114 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A41D
13/1227 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A41D
13/12 (20060101); A41d 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/46,48,49R,51,59,87,114,DIG.7 ;161/164,170 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schroeder; Werner H.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A disposable surgical gown comprising a main sheet having a
front portion and side portions, said main sheet having sleeves
attached thereto, said front portion having a central operative
field comprising a liquid impervious material having an absorbent
outer surface, said central operative field extending substantially
to the bottom edge of said front portion; the remainder of said
main sheet comprising a liquid repellent nonwoven fabric.
2. The surgical gown of claim 1 wherein the central operative field
is coextensive with the front panel.
3. The surgical gown of claim 1 wherein the central operative field
is rectangular in shape.
4. The surgical gown of claim 1 wherein the central operative field
has a modified bib shape.
5. The surgical gown of claim 1 wherein said liquid impervious
material is a plastic film.
6. The surgical gown of claim 5 wherein said plastic film is
selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene,
and polyvinyl chloride.
7. The surgical gown of claim 1 wherein said central operative
field comprises a liquid absorbent nonwoven fabric coated with
polyethylene.
8. A surgical gown comprising a main sheet having a front portion
and side portions, said main sheet having sleeves attached thereto,
said front portion having a central operative field comprising a
liquid impervious material having an absorbent outer surface, and
said sleeves comprising a liquid impervious material having an
absorbent inner surface.
9. The surgical gown of claim 8 wherein said central operative
field comprises a liquid absorbent nonwoven fabric coated with
polyethylene.
10. A surgical gown according to claim 8 wherein said outer
absorbent surface comprises a liquid absorbent nonwoven fabric.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field Of The Invention
This invention relates to surgical gowns and the like and, in
particular, to disposable surgical gowns which reduce liquid
run-off, prevent strike-through of liquids and have improved
moisture absorption properties.
2. Description Of The Prior Art
It is well known that the surgeon's sterile gown must function,
during the course of an operation, to prevent contamination of the
patient, surgical instruments, and other personnel through contact
with the wearer and to prevent the clothes of the wearer from
becoming saturated with blood and other liquids.
Originally, surgical gowns were made of linen, the gowns being
sterilized prior to use in the operating room. Linen gowns were not
capable of preventing "strike-through" of various liquids which
were encountered during surgical procedures. As a result, the
wearer's clothes became saturated with blood and the like, and a
path was established for the transmission of bacteria to and from
the wearer of the gown. Additionally, linen gowns, due to their
high cost, had to be used a number of times, thus necessitating
laundering and sterilization between successive uses.
In an attempt to reduce strike-through of liquids and to eliminate
the need for repeated laundering and sterilization, disposable
gowns were made from fluid repellent nonwoven fabrics. These gowns
reduced liquid strike-through for a limited time. In addition,
liquids had a tendency to run off the outer surface of the gown,
frequently wetting the shoes and the unprotected lower portions of
the wearer's clothing.
Surgical gowns were then made wherein the fluid repellent nonwoven
fabric was laminated to, or lined with, a fluid impervious material
such as polyethylene. Although this approach prevented
strike-through of liquids and solved the problems arising
therefrom, the problems associated with liquid run-off still
persisted. In addition, the fluid impervious material tended to
trap perspiration, thus making the gown increasingly uncomfortable
as the surgical operation proceeded.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
I have now made an inexpensive, disposable surgical gown which
greatly reduces liquid run-off and prevents liquid strike-through,
thus solving the major difficulites encountered with prior art
gowns. In a preferred embodiment of my invention, means are also
provided for absorbing perspiration in the arm area, thus making
the gown more comfortable to wear. My new surgical gown comprises a
main sheet with sleeves attached thereto, said main sheet
comprising a front panel having a central operative field. As used
herein "central operative field" refers to that part of a surgical
gown which is most likely to be contacted with blood, various body
fluids, or treating liquids such as water or saline solutions,
during the course of a particular surgical procedure. It will be
understood that the size of the central operative field will vary
according to the particular operation. In some instances, the
central operative field would extend over the entire front panel of
the gown, that is, the central operative field and the front panel
would be coextensive, while in other cases the central operative
field would include only a part of the front panel. In order to
reduce liquid run-off and prevent liquid strike-through, the
central operative field of the front panel of my gown comprises a
fluid impervious material having an absorbent outer surface. Where
the central operative field includes an area less than that of the
entire front panel of the gown, the remaining portions of said
front panel may be made from any of the well known materials
commonly used in the manufacture of surgical gowns. The various
other parts of my gown, e.g., the side panels and sleeves, may be
made from the same materials as used for the front panel of the
gown, although other well known materials for constructing
disposable gowns may be used if desired.
In one modification of the present invention, at least the forearm
portion of the sleeve comprises a liquid impervious material having
an absorbent inner surface, while in another modification, the
entire sleeve is made from such a material. In the modifications
mentioned, the absorbent inner surface provides means for absorbing
perspiration, thus making the gown more comfortable to wear. The
liquid impervious characteristic of the material prevents
perspiration from reaching the outer surface of the sleeve, and
thus prevents the establishment of a pathway for the transmission
of bacteria.
When the term "front" is used herein to describe a part of a gown,
reference is being made to that part of the gown which, when the
gown is being worn, overlies the chest of the wearer; the term
"back" refers to that part of the gown which, when the gown is
being worn, overlies the back of the wearer. The term "outer"
describes that surface of a gown, or of a part thereof, which faces
away from the wearer when the gown is being worn, and the term
"inner" describes that surface of a gown, or of a part thereof,
which contacts the clothes or body of the wearer when the gown is
being worn. The terms "left" and "right," when used to describe a
gown or portions thereof, refer to the left hand side and right
hand side, respectively, of the wearer when the gown is being
worn.
When a material is described herein as being "liquid repellent," it
is meant that that material, when tested according to AATCC Test
Method 22-1967, has a spray rating of at least about 70. Those
skilled in the art will be aware that materials which are repellent
according to the standards set by the above mentioned test may
nevertheless permit the passage of water or other liquids
therethrough under some circumstances. When a material is described
herein as being "liquid impervious" it is meant that that material
substantially completely prevents the passage of water and similar
liquids therethrough.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood with reference to the
annexed drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the outer surface of a back closing
surgical gown in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the inner surface of the gown of FIG. 1,
with the sleeves turned inside out.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view, with parts magnified, taken along
line 3--3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view, with parts magnified,
taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view similar to FIG. 1 showing the shoulder
and sleeve portion of another embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view, with parts magnified, taken along
line 6--6 of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a plan view, with certain parts cut away and with certain
parts in phantom, of the outer surface of another gown in
accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the outer surface of a gown in accordance
with the present invention having central operative field
"efgh."
FIG. 9 is a plan view of the outer surface of another gown having a
central operative field "pvwxyu."
FIG. 10 is a plan view of the outer surface of another gown having
a central operative field "abcfgh."
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown a back closing surgical
gown in accordance with the present invention. Gown 10 comprises a
main sheet 12 having sleeves 13 and 14 fastened thereto. Main sheet
12 comprises a front panel 16, left side panel 18, and right side
panel 20, the several panels being joined together by stitching
(not shown). Sleeves 13 and 14 are provided with knitted cuffs 15.
Belt means 21, 21a are provided for securing the gown around the
waist and tie strings 22, 22a are provided to secure the gown at
the neck. Other well known means for securing the gown around the
waist and at the neck of the wearer may be employed to suit various
purposes.
Front panel 16 of back closing gown 10 comprises an absorbent outer
surface 16a which is capable of absorbing body or other fluids such
as blood or water and the like, and a liquid impervious inner
surface 16b (shown in the cutaway portion of FIG. 7) which prevents
liquids absorbed by outer surface 16a from penetrating the front
panel to contact the clothes or body of the wearer. Front panel 16
(designated in FIG. 7 as "jklmno") is made by extrusion coating a
nonwoven fabric made in accordance with the teaching of U.S. Pat.
No. 3,663,348 (which patent is hereby specifically incorporated by
reference) with polyethylene. Other fluid impervious materials such
as polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride may be used in place of
polyethylene. It will be recognized that other materials having the
above indicated required characteristics may be used for front
panel 16. These might include, for example, an absorbent
polyurethane foam laminated to a fluid impervious material such as
polyethylene; an absorbent tissue bonded to a sheet of polyvinyl
chloride; or an absorbent nonwoven fabric bonded to a liquid
impervious material such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene or the
like. It will also be recognized that it is not necessary that the
absorbent material be entirely bonded to the fluid impervious
material; it is sufficient, e.g., if the two are "spot-bonded" in a
desired configuration or if the two are joined together at their
adjoining edges.
Side panels 18 and 20, shown in phantom in FIG. 7, may be made from
any of the various disposable materials, such as a liquid repellent
nonwoven fabric, known to be of use in making surgical gowns.
Referring now to FIG. 8, there is shown a back closing gown similar
to the one shown in FIG. 7. Gown 25 comprises a front panel 26
designated by the letters "jklmno." Front panel 26 has a generally
rectangular central operative field 28 designated by the letters
"efgh." Central operative field 28 comprises a fluid impervious
material having an absorbent outer surface. The remaining portions
of front panel 26 may comprise any desired material such as a
liquid repellent nonwoven. Gown 25 of FIG. 8 would be particularly
useful in e.g., neurological or orthopedic surgery.
In FIG. 9 there is shown another modification of the surgical gown
of this invention. Gown 35 comprises front panel 36 designated by
the letters "pgrstu." Front panel 36 has a central operative field,
designated by the letters "pvwxyu," which has a modified bib shape.
Central operative field "pvwxyu" comprises a fluid impervious
material having an absorbent outer surface. The remaining portion
"qrstyxwv" of front panel 36 comprises any desired material of
construction.
As illustrated in FIG. 10 gown 45 comprises front panel 46,
designated by letters "abcdefgh." Panel 46 has a critical operative
field, designated by letters "abcfgh," which comprises a fluid
impervious material having an absorbent outer surface. The
remaining portion "cedf" of panel 46 comprises any of the materials
commonly used for construction of disposable surgical gowns.
Gowns 35 and 45 would be particularly useful in such surgical
procedures as cystoscopy where large amounts of irrigating fluids
are to be used.
Referring now to FIGS. 1-4 there is shown a particularly preferred
back closing surgical gown embodying the present invention. Gown 50
comprises a main sheet 52 having sleeves 53 and 54 fastened
thereto. Main sheet 52 comprises a front panel 58, left side panel
60, and right side panel 62, the several panels being joined
together by stitching 64. Right hand sleeve 53 and left hand sleeve
54 are provided with knitted cuffs 55. Tie strings 66, 66a and belt
means 68, 68a are provided to secure the gown at the neck and
around the waist of the wearer, respectively.
Referring specifically to FIGS. 1 and 3, front panel 58 of back
closing gown 50 comprises an absorbent outer surface 58a which is
capable of absorbing body or other fluids such as blood or water
and the like, and a liquid impervious inner surface 58b (see
cutaway portion of FIG. 1) which prevents liquids absorbed by outer
surface 58a from penetrating the front panel to contact the clothes
of the wearer. The extrusion coated nonwoven fabric used for front
panel 16 of gown 10 (FIG. 7) is used for front panel 58 of gown 50.
Again, as indicated earlier herein, other materials having the
above indicated required characteristics may be used for front
panel 58.
Side panels 60 and 62 of gown 50 comprise a nonwoven fabric which
is repellent to such fluids as water, blood, and the like. Although
it is preferred that side panels 60 and 62 comprise a liquid
repellent nonwoven fabric, any of the well known materials commonly
used in making disposable surgical drapes may be employed if
desired.
Referring to FIG. 4 and to the upper right hand portion of FIG. 1,
left sleeve 54 of gown 50 comprises an outer layer 54a of a liquid
repellent nonwoven fabric. The forearm portion of sleeve 54 further
comprises an inner layer 54b of absorbent tissue which is capable
of absorbing liquids such as perspiration, and intermediate layer
54c of liquid impervious polyethylene film. As shown in the
enlarged portion of FIG. 4, absorbent tissue 54b is secured by any
well known securing means to polyethylene film 54c to form a liquid
impervious material having an absorbent surface. Liquid repellent
nonwoven 54a, however, is not bonded to polyethylene film 54c
except near the elbow and wrist portions of the sleeve. This is
illustrated in the enlarged portion of FIG. 4 wherein there is a
clearance between nonwoven 54a and polyethylene film 54c. Liquid
repellent nonwoven 54a is secured to polyethylene film 54c in the
elbow area by heat sealing. Other securing means, e.g., a
plasticized polyvinyl acetate resin-based adhesive, could also be
employed. As shown in FIG. 4, liquid repellent nonwoven 54a,
absorbent tissue 54b and polyethylene film 54c are secured to each
other and to knitted cuff 53 at the wrist portion of sleeve 54 by
stitching 64. Again, alternative securing means may be used in
place of stitching 64 if desired. Sleeve 53 has the same
construction as sleeve 54.
FIG. 2 shown the inner surface of surgical gown 50, with the
sleeves turned inside out. The cutaway portion at the lower center
of FIG. 2 shows the absorbent outer surface 58a of front panel 58
of the gown. Referring to the cutaway portion at the upper right
hand portion of FIG. 2, right hand sleeve 53 is shown turned inside
out. The forearm portion of sleeve 53 has a liquid absorbent inner
surface comprising a layer 53b of absorbent tissue, and an outer
surface 53a comprising a liquid repellent nonwoven fabric.
Intermediate the absorbent tissue and the fluid repellent nonwoven
fabric is a liquid impervious layer 53c of polyethylene.
FIG. 3 shows the construction of main sheet 52 of gown 50 with some
parts magnified. Referring particularly to the magnified portion at
the left hand side of FIG. 3, front panel 58 comprises an absorbent
outer surface 58a and a liquid impervious inner surface 58b. Side
panel 60, as indicated before, comprises a liquid repellent
nonwoven, but may be made from other suitable materials of
construction if desired.
FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a variation on the sleeve construction of
FIGS. 1-4. FIG. 5 shows the upper left hand portion of the outer
surface of a back closing surgical gown 70. It will be understood
that gown 70 comprises a main sheet with sleeves, and has tie
strings at the neck and belt means at the waist, although only left
hand sleeve 73 and portions of front panel 78 and left side panel
80 are shown. Left sleeve 73 of gown 70 comprises a liquid
impervious material having an absorbent inner surface. The inner
surface 73b of sleeve 73 comprises an absorbent nonwoven fabric
made in accordance with the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 3,663,348.
The outer surface 73a of sleeve 73 comprises a layer of liquid
impervious polyethylene. In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the
nonwoven fabric has been extrusion coated with polyethylene,
according to well known techniques, to provide the liquid
impervious material having an absorbent surface. It will be
understood that other materials and methods of construction may be
used. Absorbent tissue could be substituted for the nonwoven
fabric, and other plastic materials, such as polyvinyl chloride or
polypropylene, could be substituted for the polyethylene. The fluid
impervious plastic need not be applied by extrusion coating
techniques to the absorbent tissue. A material serving the desired
purposes can be conveniently made, for example, by bonding
absorbent tissue to a sheet of polyvinyl chloride by heat sealing
or other bonding means. Sleeve 73 has a suitably cuff 85 attached
thereto with stitching 84. The right hand sleeve (not shown) has
the same construction as sleeve 73.
It has been found that the sleeve construction illustrated in FIGS.
5 and 6 is particularly advantageous. Since the inner surfaces of
the sleeves are absorbent, they function to absorb perspiration,
thus making the gown more comfortable to wear. During a surgical
procedure the sleeves of a surgical gown frequently come into
contact with the surgical drape. After repeated contacts the outer
surfaces of the sleeves of the gown may become abraded and there is
a danger of loose material being transferred into the incision
area. The fluid impervious outer surface of the sleeve, being made
of polyethylene or similar thermoplastic materials, has a
considerable amount of abrasion resistance in addition to being
fluid impervious. Since the outer surfaces of the sleeves shown in
FIGS. 5 and 6 have improved abrasion resistance, the amount of
loose material produced during the course of surgery is
considerably reduced, and the chance of loose material being
transferred to the incision area is significantly lessened.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the
principles of the present invention may be applied not only to the
back closing surgical gowns illustrated in FIGS. 1-10, but also to
other gowns such as a front closing gown. Other variations and
modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention.
* * * * *