U.S. patent number 3,868,287 [Application Number 05/365,205] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-25 for absorbent pad and method for making same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Scott Paper Company. Invention is credited to Roman Lewyckyj.
United States Patent |
3,868,287 |
Lewyckyj |
February 25, 1975 |
Absorbent pad and method for making same
Abstract
An elongate, disposable absorbent pad having an elongate,
absorbent, fluff batt of cellulosic fibers enclosed within a
fibrous envelope having a fluid pervious facing layer and a backing
layer. The fibrous envelope has end margins which extend beyond end
margins of the fluff batt, and the end margins of the fibrous
envelope are closed by transverse end seal bands having seal rows
with opposed surfaces defined by transversely adjacent ridges and
valleys interconnected by lateral walls. The lateral walls of the
seal rows are compressed to define seal regions characterized by
interlocked fibers of the envelope; said seal regions, in the plane
of the absorbent pad, extending in the direction of elongation of
the absorbent pad. The method for continuously manufacturing
elongate, disposable absorbent pads having end margins which are
closed by transverse end seal bands as described above forms a part
of the present invention.
Inventors: |
Lewyckyj; Roman (Philadelphia,
PA) |
Assignee: |
Scott Paper Company (Delaware
County, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
26835627 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/365,205 |
Filed: |
May 30, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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137839 |
Apr 27, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
156/201; 156/202;
156/204; 156/213; 156/227; 156/290; 156/582; 604/358 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
13/15674 (20130101); Y10T 156/1051 (20150115); Y10T
156/1011 (20150115); Y10T 156/103 (20150115); Y10T
156/101 (20150115); Y10T 156/1015 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/15 (20060101); B31f 001/00 (); B32b 031/10 ();
B32b 031/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;156/62.2,62.4,183,201,202,204,213,227,290,383,467,519,581,582
;128/284,296,287 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Fritsch; Daniel J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Faigus; Martin L. Foley; William
J.
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a division of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No.
137,839, filed Apr. 27, 1971, now abandoned, entitled ABSORBENT PAD
AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME.
Claims
I claim:
1. A method for continuously manufacturing elongate, disposable
absorbent pads comprising the steps of:
a. continuously forming discrete, elongate, absorbent fluff batts
of cellulosic fibers;
b. feeding said fluff batts in their direction of elongation in
spaced relation to each other, said fluff batts being spaced from
each other in said direction of elongation;
c. disposing said fluff batts within a fibrous envelope as said
fluff batts are fed in their direction of elongation to form a
continuous composite structure comprising said spaced fluff batts
disposed within said fibrous envelope;
d. maintaining sufficient tension on said fibrous envelope in the
direction of feed to prevent undesirable movement of said
continuous composite structure in a direction transverse to said
feed direction;
e. transversely closing and sealing said fibrous envelope in
regions intermediate adjacent fluff batts by:
1. forming a transversely extending seal band having a seal row of
transversely adjacent ridges and valleys interconnected by lateral
walls on each of the opposed surfaces of said fibrous envelope,
and
2. transversely compressing the lateral walls of said seal row to
form weakened seal regions only in said lateral walls, said
weakened seal regions, in the plane of said composite structure,
being disposed only in the direction of feed of the composite
structure, said weakened seal regions being characterized by
interlocked fibers of said fibrous envelope for maintaining the
seal band in a closed condition; and
f. transversely severing said continuous composite structure within
the confines of said transversely extending seal band to form
individual elongate absorbent pads having sealed end margins.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said fibrous envelope
is formed by the steps of: feeding a continuous backing cover web
and a fluid pervious, continuous facing cover web adjacent opposed
surfaces of said spaced fluff batts; folding opposed side margins
of said facing cover web into overlying relationship with said
backing cover web; and securing said facing cover web to said
backing cover web in their overlying regions.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of securing
said facing cover web to said backing cover web includes the step
of applying conditions securing stripes to the backing cover web in
regions which are in overlying relationship with the side margins
of said facing cover web.
4. The method according to claim 2 including the additional steps,
prior to transversely severing said continuous composite structure
into individual elongate absorbent pads, of: folding elongate, side
regions of the continuous composite structure into overlying
relationship with the continuous facing cover web in a center
region of said composite structure to form side panels, and
securing said side panels to said facing cover web.
5. The method according to claim 1 including the additional steps,
prior to transversely severing said continuous composite structure
into individual elongate absorbent pads, of: folding elongate, side
regions of the continuous composite structure into overlying
relationship with the fibrous envelope in a center region of said
composite structure to form side panels, and securing said side
panels to said fibrous envelope in said center region.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step of securing
said side panels to said facing cover web includes the step of
applying securing tacks between the side panels and the center
region of said continuous composite structure adjacent each
transversely extending seal band.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an elongate, disposable absorbent pad,
and to the method for manufacturing such pad. More specifically,
this invention relates to an elongate, disposable absorbent pad
having unique transverse end seal bands, and to a continuous method
for manufacturing such absorbent pads.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Continuous methods for forming disposable absorbent pads are known
in the prior art. The absorbent pads formed by such continuous
methods are used in absorbent products such as sanitary napkins,
disposable diapers and the like. One specific use for such
disposable absorbent pads is in a two-piece diaper system which
comprises, in addition to an absorbent pad, a fluid impermeable
retaining garment. The retaining garment is adapted to be fastened
about an infant with the absorbent pad fastened to said garment and
positioned within the perineal region of the infant.
An absorbent pad for use in a two-piece diaper system is presently
manufactured by Scott Paper Company and is sold under its trademark
babyScott. This absorbent pad is comprised of a fluff batt of
cellulosic fibers enclosed within a fibrous envelope having a fluid
pervious facing layer which is adapted to face the infant during
use of the diaper system. The fibrous envelope has end margins
which extend beyond end margins of the fluff batt, and the end
margins of the fibrous envelope are closed by transverse end seal
bands which retain the fibers of the fluff batt within the confines
of the absorbent pad during use.
In a continuous process for forming absorbent pads, such as the
absorbent pads described in the preceding paragraph, individual
fluff batts are spaced from each other in the direction in which
they are fed through sequential pad forming operations. A
continuous composite structure is formed by disposing the spaced,
fluff batts between continuous fibrous webs which define a
continuous fibrous envelope for such spaced fluff batts. The webs
of the continuous fibrous envelope are closed by transverse seal
bands intermediate adjacent fluff batts, and the elongate,
disposable absorbent pads are formed from the above-described
continuous composite structure by transversely severing said
composite structure along a substantially transverse medial line of
each transverse seal band. In forming the discrete absorbent pads,
the continuous composite structure is maintained under constant
tension in its direction of feed through the above-described
sequential pad forming operations to prevent undesirable sideways
movement, or tracking of said composite structure.
The prior art transverse seal bands which close the webs of the
continuous fibrous envelope in regions intermediate adjacent fluff
batts; and accordingly, the prior art transverse end seal bands
closing opposite ends of discrete, absorbent pads, are defined by a
plurality of transversely spaced seal rows, each of which extends
in the direction of elongation of the continuous composite
structure. Each of the opposed surfaces of the fibrous envelope in
each seal row is defined by adjacent ridges and valleys
interconnected by lateral walls. The lateral walls have seal
regions therein characterized by interlocked fibers of the webs of
the fibrous envelope. These seal regions, in the plane of the
continuous composite structure, extend transversely to the elongate
direction of said composite structure, i.e., transversely to the
direction of the tension forces applied to the continuous composite
structure during the sequential pad forming operations.
The application of tension to the continuous composite structure
resulted, in many instances, in an opening of the webs of the
continuous fibrous envelope within the confines of the prior art
transverse seal bands to thereby destroy the sealing effect of such
bands in the completed, disposable absorbent pads. Large
compressive forces applied to the continuous fibrous envelope
formed sufficient fiber interlock in the seal regions of the prior
art transverse seal bands to prevent the opening of said seal
bands. Unfortunately, these large compressive forces required to
prevent the webs from opening in the transverse seal bands created
a thinning and weakening of said transverse seal band in the seal
regions, and in some instances, the webs actually tore in said seal
regions. This weakening and/or tearing of the seal regions
resulted, in many instances, in a separation of discrete sections
from the continuous composite structure at the transverse seal
bands prior to the completion of the pad forming operations. This
separation was caused by the tension forces applied to the
continuous composite structure to prevent undesirable sideways
movement of said composite structure. The separation of discrete
sections from the continuous composite structure required machine
down time to reposition the continuous composite structure for
proper feed through the sequential pad forming operations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Applicant recognized that the problem of separation of discrete
sections from the continuous composite structure prior to the
completion of the pad forming operations could be alleviated by
changing the orientation of the weakened seal regions, in the plane
of the continuous composite structure (which is the same as the
plane of the discrete absorbent pads formed from the composite
structure). Specifically, applicant discovered that the weakened
seal regions in the prior art transverse seal bands had a
considerable dimension transverse to the elongate direction of said
composite structure, i.e., transverse to the direction of the
tension forces, and that this considerable dimension of the
weakened seal regions was responsible for the separation of
discrete sections from the continuous composite structure under the
tension forces applied normal to said transverse direction.
The elongate, disposable absorbent pad of this invention comprises
an elongate, absorbent fluff batt of cellulosic fibers disposed
within a fibrous envelope which has end margins extending beyond
end margins of the fluff batt, said end margins of the fibrous
envelope being closed by unique transverse end seal bands. Each
transverse end seal band is defined by at least one transversely
extending seal row comprising transversely adjacent ridges and
valleys interconnected by lateral walls. The lateral walls have
seal regions therein characterized by interlocked fibers of the
fibrous envelope, and these seal regions, in the plane of the
elongate, disposable absorbent pad, extend in the direction of
elongation of said absorbent pad, i.e., parallel to the direction
of application of the tension forces. Therefore, the dimension of
the seal regions taken transverse to the direction of the tension
forces, and therefore transverse to the elongate direction of the
absorbent pad, is relatively small and is actually equal to the
thickness of the fibrous envelope in the seal regions.
This invention also relates to the continuous method for forming
the above-described elongate, disposable absorbent pad having
unique transverse end seals. More specifically, this invention
relates to a unique method for forming transverse seal bands in a
continuous composite structure which comprises a plurality of
elongate, absorbent fluff batts spaced from each other in their
direction of elongation and disposed within a continuous fibrous
envelope. The continuous fibrous envelope is closed by the unique
method of this invention for forming transverse seal bands in the
region of the fibrous envelope disposed between adjacent, elongate
fluff batts. The transverse seal bands are formed by passing the
continuous composite structure through the nip defined between
upper and lower sealing dies which are mounted for rotation about
axes which are substantially transverse to the direction of feed of
the continuous composite structure. The upper sealing die has a row
of axially spaced projections defining depressions therebetween,
and the lower sealing die has a row of axially spaced projections
defining depressions therebetween. The row of projections of one
sealing die are axially offset from the row of projections of the
other sealing die such that the projections on each sealing die
mesh with the depressions on the other sealing die. This meshing of
projections and depressions, as the continuous fibrous envelope
passes through the nip of said sealing dies, results in the closing
of the fibrous envelope by a transverse seal band defined by a
transversely extending seal row of alternate ridges and valleys
interconnected by lateral walls. The axial space between side walls
of each lower projection and the side walls of its adjacent upper
projections is less than the thickness of the fibrous envelope
passing through the nip of said sealing dies; therefore, the
fibrous envelope is transversely compressed between the side walls
of adjacent upper and lower projections to form the thin seal
regions characterized by interlocked fibers of the continuous
fibrous envelope.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an elongate, disposable absorbent
pad of this invention showing details of its forward surface, and
having parts broken away to show internal details of
construction;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the absorbent pad shown in FIG. 1
showing details of the back surface;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of an absorbent pad of this invention in
folded condition;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view, in side elevation, showing a continuous
method for manufacturing the absorbent pad shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view showing a portion of a prior art
transverse end seal band;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of end sealing dies utilized to
form the prior art transverse end seal bands;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan view of the blocked portion 8 of FIG. 3
showing a portion of a transverse end seal band of this
invention;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line 9--9 of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is an exploded isometric view showing a portion of the end
sealing dies utilized to form the transverse end seal bands of this
invention;
FIG. 11 is a transverse sectional view taken along line 11--11 of
FIG. 10 with the dies in position to form an end seal; and
FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line 12--12 of FIG. 11.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THIS INVENTION
This invention relates to an elongate, disposable absorbent pad 10
having unique transverse end seal bands 12, 14; and to the method
for manufacturing such pads. The elongate, disposable absorbent pad
10 of this invention is shown in FIGS. 1-3, and has an elongate,
fluff batt 16 of cellulosic fibers, such as short paper-making
fibers, disposed within a fibrous envelope 18. The fibrous envelope
18 has forward and rearward end margins 20, 22, respectively, which
extend beyond end margins of the fluff batt 16, and which are
closed by the transverse end seal bands 12, 14, respectively.
In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the fibrous envelope
18 is defined by fluff batt supporting webs comprising upper and
lower layers of creped paper wadding 24 and 26; an elongate,
backing cover web 28 of a suitable wet strength paper stock; and an
elongate, fluid pervious, facing cover web 30 of nonwoven,
adhesively bonded fibers. Preferably, the facing cover web 30 is an
adhesively bonded, hydrophobic, carded rayon web. The upper and
lower layers of creped paper wadding 24 and 26 are disposed in
contact with opposite surfaces of the elongate, fluff batt 16 to
support said fluff batt during the formation of the absorbent pad
10, and also during use of said absorbent pad. The number of plies
of creped paper wadding which is utilized in each of the upper and
lower layers can be varied within wide limits. In practice, two
plies of creped paper wadding in each of the upper and lower layers
has proved satisfactory to support the fluff batt 16. The elongate,
backing cover web 28 is disposed adjacent the lower layer 16 of
creped paper wadding and has greater wet strength than the layers
of creped paper wadding to aid in maintaining the structural
integrity of the absorbent pad 10 during use. The fluid pervious,
elongate, facing cover web 30 extends over the upper layer 24 of
creped paper wadding and has side margins 32, 34 extending around
the back side of the pad 10 and secured to the backing cover web 28
by elongate securing stripes 36 of glue, adhesive, or the like
(FIG. 2). The facing cover web 30 has a high wet strength to aid in
maintaining the structural integrity of the absorbent pad 10 during
use, and also is permeable to body fluids to permit passage of such
fluids into the fluff batt 16 which has a high absorptive capacity,
i.e., ability to retain large quantities of fluid without leaking.
The backing cover web 28 has a lower toughness (energy absorbing
capacity) than the facing cover web 30. Therefore, the backing
cover web 28 will tear and leave the facing cover web 30 intact
when the energy applied to the fibrous envelope during use of the
absorbent pad 10 exceeds the energy absorbing levels of the backing
cover web 28. Since the facing cover web 30 is in contact with the
child during use of the absorbent pad 10, it is desirable to
maintain the integrity of said facing cover web to prevent inner
components of the pad, such as the fluff batt 16, from coming into
contact with, and sticking to the child's skin. The use of a
backing cover web having a lower toughness than the facing cover
web accomplishes this objective.
Side regions of the absorbent pad 10 are infolded along elongate,
fold lines 38, 40 to form side panels 42, 44 which are in overlying
relationship with the elongate, facing cover web 30 in center
region 46 of said pad (FIG. 3). The elongate, backing cover web 28
terminates in elongate side margins (not shown) disposed adjacent
the fold lines 38, 40 so that the backing cover web 28 is not
included in the side panels. The pad construction wherein the
backing cover web 28 is omitted from the side panels is the
invention of Richard W. Schutte and will be covered in a
subsequently filed patent application.
The side panels 42, 44 are retained in their infolded position by
suitable securing means, such as securing dots, or tacks 48, 49, of
adhesive, glue, or the like (FIG. 3). The securing tacks 48, 49 are
disposed between the center region 46 of the absorbent pad 10 and
the side panels 42, 44, respectively, adjacent the forward end
margin 20 of said absorbent pad 10.
Fibrous envelopes other than the one described in the preceding
paragraph can be utilized in the absorbent pads 10 of this
invention. Fibrous envelopes utilized in the absorbent pads 10 of
this invention must have sufficient wet strength to assure that the
structural integrity of the absorbent pads is not unduly impaired
during use. Also the fibrous envelopes must have a fluid pervious
facing layer to assure that body fluids impinged on said facing
layer pass through it for retention in the fluff batt 16. Reference
to a "fibrous envelope" in the specification and claims of this
application is intended to include all fibrous envelopes meeting
the above criteria, and is not intended to be limited to any
specific number or types of webs unless there is clear indication
to the contrary.
The folded, elongate, disposable absorbent pad 10 shown in FIG. 3
is specifically adapted for use as an absorbent component in a
two-piece diaper system such as is disclosed in U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 101,292, filed Dec. 24, 1970 now U.S. Pat. No.
3,693,621, and assigned to the same assignee as this application.
The two-piece diaper system comprises, in addition to the absorbent
pad 10, a fluid impermeable retaining garment which is adapted to
be fastened about an infant with the absorbent pad 10 positioned
within the perineal region of the infant. The absorbent pad 10 can
be held in the retaining garment by any suitable means, but
preferably the absorbent pad 10 is held in position within the
retaining garment by the unique holding device disclosed in the
above-mentioned application Ser. No. 101,292. This holding device
is fastened to the forward margin of the retaining garment and has
a rearwardly extending member terminating in a cross member. The
cross member is positioned rearwardly of securing tacks 48, 49,
between the center region 46 and the side panels 42, 44 of the
absorbent pad 10. In use the rear section of the absorbent pad 10
can be flared out as shown in FIG. 3 to provide sufficient area for
containing fecal matter. The forward portion of the absorbent pad
10 has a substantial amount of absorbent material to retain urine
by virtue of the folded arrangement of said absorbent pad. The
fluid impervious retaining garment, and the holding device for
holding the absorbent pad 10 within the retaining garment do not
form a part of the present invention and have been described to
indicate the reason for providing tacked side panels 42, 44 as
shown in FIG. 3, and to indicate one specific environment in which
absorbent pads 10 of this invention are useable.
A continuous process for manufacturing the elongate, disposable
absorbent pad 10 shown in FIG. 3 is schematically represented in
FIG. 4. The continuous elements utilized in this process which
correspond to the discrete elements of the elongate, disposable
absorbent pad 10 will be described by the same numerals as said
discrete elements but with a prime (') suffix thereafter. A
continuous, loosely matted fluff batt 16' of cellulosic fibers is
formed by any suitable batt forming apparatus 50, such as as Joa
Fiberizer, Hammermill, etc. The continuous fluff batt 16' is fed by
a batt feed conveyor 52 to a severing station 54. The severing
station 54 comprises a driven knife carrier roll 56 with a knife 58
mounted therein. The knife 58 cooperates with a backing roll 60 to
sever the continuous fluff batt 16' at spaced intervals into
discrete, individual fluff batts 16. These individual fluff batts
16 are directed onto a batt spacing conveyor 62 which is operated
at a faster linear speed than the batt feed conveyor 52 to space
apart the discrete fluff batts 16. The discrete fluff batts 16 are
sandwiched, or disposed between fluff batt supporting webs
comprising continuous layers of creped paper wadding 24', 26'
concurrently with the transfer of the discrete fluff batts 16 onto
the batt spacing conveyor 62. A continuous backing cover web 28' of
a suitable wet strength paper stock is superimposed on the
continuous layer 26' of creped paper wadding, and a continuous
adhesively bonded, carded rayon facing cover web 30' is disposed
adjacent the continuous layer of creped paper wadding 24' as said
continuous layer of creped paper wadding 24' passes onto a feed
conveyor 64. The continuous composite structure formed thus far is
directed past a folding station schematically shown at 66 at which
side margins of the continuous facing cover member 30' are folded
around the side margins of the discrete fluff batts 16 into
overlying relationship with the continuous backing cover web 28'.
As the continuous backing cover web 28' enters the folding station
66 it passes under a pair of stationary, transversely spaced,
extruders 68 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 4) which apply
continuous securing stripes of glue, adhesive, or the like, in
transversely spaced elongate lines to the continuous backing cover
web 28'. The side margins of the continuous facing cover member 30'
are folded into overlying relationship with the continuous securing
stripes to firmly secure the continuous facing cover web 30' to the
continuous backing cover web 28', whereby a continuous composite
structure is formed which comprises a continuous fibrous envelope
18' disposed about the spaced, discrete fluff batts 16. The
continuous composite structure is then fed past a sealing station
70 comprising opposed upper and lower driven sealing die carrier
rolls 72, 74, respectively, into which are secured upper and lower
sealing dies 76, 78, respectively. The continuous fibrous envelope
18' is compressed by the sealing dies 76, 78, intermediate fluff
batts 16 to form transverse seal bands 80 intermediate adjacent
discrete fluff batts 16. The continuous composite structure is then
fed past a second folding station, schematically shown at 82 at
which continuous side margins of the continuous composite structure
are infolded to form continuous side panels. Prior to the
completion of the side panel forming operation a pair of
transversely spaced securing tacks of glue, adhesive, or the like,
are provided through a pair of extruders 84 (only one of which is
shown in FIG. 4). The extruders 84 are operated to apply the
transversely spaced securing tacks to the continuous cover web 30'
at longitudinally spaced intervals to position the tacks in the
completed absorbent pad 10 as indicated at 48, 49 in FIG. 3. The
folded, continuous side panels will overlie the transversely spaced
securing tacks and will be firmly adhered to the continuous facing
cover web 30' by said securing tacks. The composite structure is
then severed at a pad separating station 86 to form the elongate,
disposable absorbent pads 10 shown in FIG. 3. The pad separating
station 86 comprises a driven knife carrying roll 88 into which a
knife 90 is fixed. The knife 90 cooperates with an anvil 100
mounted within a driven anvil carrying roll 102. The knife is
synchronized to sever the composite structure along a transversely
extending medial line of each transverse seal band 80 to form the
forward transverse end seal band 12 and the rearward transverse end
seal band 14, respectively, of the elongate, disposable absorbent
pad 10.
A driven belt assembly 106 comprising opposed driven belts 108,
110, is disposed between the folding station 82 and the pad
separating station 86 and is driven at a speed for maintaining a
constant tension on the continuous fibrous envelope 18' in the
direction of feed of said continuous composite structure. This
tension is required to prevent unwanted transverse movement or
"tracking" of the continuous composite structure as it is fed
through the sequential pad forming operations. Transverse movement
of the continuous composite structure could result in the placement
of the continuous securing stripes on the continuous backing cover
web 28' in regions which do not align with the folded side margins
of the continuous cover web 30'. In such a situation the facing
cover web 30 would not be retained to the backing cover web 28 in
the completed absorbent pad 10. Additionally, unwanted transverse
movement could result in the positioning of the securing tacks onto
the continuous facing cover web 30' outside of the region which the
side panels overlie to thereby prevent engagement of the side
panels with such securing tacks in the absorbent pads 10. The
improper location of the securing stripes and tacks results in the
formation of unacceptable absorbent pads 10; and therefore, should
be avoided.
The sequence of operations described with reference to FIG. 4 is
the same for forming both the prior art disposable absorbent pads;
and the elongate, disposable absorbent pads 10 of this invention
having unique transverse end seal bands 12, 14, respectively. The
continuous method for forming absorbent pads 10 of this invention
utilizes a unique step for forming the transverse seal bands 80 in
the continuous composite structure (FIG. 4). The continuous
composite structure is severed along the transverse medial lines of
respective seal bands 80 to form the elongate, disposable absorbent
pads 10 of this invention having unique transverse end seal bands
12, 14 (FIG. 3). The contribution of this invention to the state of
the art can be best understood with reference to the discussion
which follows relating to the problems encountered in the prior art
method for continuously forming disposable absorbent pads, and to
the specific step utilized to form the transverse seal bands 80 in
such prior art method.
PRIOR ART
In the prior art method for forming absorbent pads the tension
applied to the continuous fibrous envelope 18' by the driven belt
assembly 106 resulted, in many instances, in an opening up of the
webs of said continuous fibrous envelope 18' within the confines of
the transverse seal bands 80 to thereby destroy the sealing effect
of such bands. This problem was overcome by applying large
compressive forces through sealing dies 76p, 78p (FIG. 7) to form
the transverse seal bands 80. Unfortunately, these large
compressive forces create excessive weakness of the continuous
fibrous envelope 18' in the transverse seal bands which results, in
many instances, in a separation of discrete sections from the
continuous composite structure at the transverse seal bands prior
to the completion of the pad forming operations. This separation of
discrete sections requires machine down time to reposition the
continuous composite structure for proper feed through the pad
forming operations. The present invention resides in the
recognition of the specific problem causing the unwanted separation
of discrete sections, and to the unique solution to this
problem.
The prior art method for forming transverse seal bands 80 in the
continuous composite structure, and the construction of the seal
bands formed by such prior art method will be described in detail
with reference to FIGS. 5-7. The transverse end seal bands in the
completed absorbent pads are substantially identical to the
transverse seal bands 80 formed in the continuous composite
structure since the end seal bands in the completed absorbent pads
are defined by portions of transverse end seal bands 80 resulting
from the severing of the transverse seal bands 80 along their
respective transverse medial lines. Therefore, the only difference
between the seal bands 80 formed in the continuous composite
structure, and the end seal bands of the completed absorbent pad,
is that the end seal bands have a dimension in the elongate
direction of the completed absorbent pad which is approximately one
half of the corresponding dimension of the seal bands 80 formed in
the continuous composite structure.
Referring to FIG. 7, an upper sealing die 76p is mounted within an
upper driven carrier roll 72 and cooperates with a lower sealing
die 78p which is mounted within a lower driven carrier roll 74. The
continuous composite structure from which the discrete absorbent
pads are formed is fed between the sealing dies 76p, 78p in the
direction indicated by arrow 112, and the sealing dies are driven
in the direction indicated by arrows 114, 116, respectively. These
sealing dies are utilized in the process schematically represented
in FIG. 4 to form the prior art transverse seal bands 80 which are
subsequently severed along a transverse medial line to form the
forward and rearward seal bands in the prior art absorbent pads. A
cooperating set of projections on the upper and lower sealing dies
76p, 78p, respectively, is shown in FIG. 7, and comprises an upper
row of circumferentially spaced projections 118 and a lower row of
circumferentially spaced projections 118'. A plurality of such
cooperating sets of projections are provided on the sealing die
76p, 78p; each such set being axially spaced from its adjacent
sets, and being separated from its adjacent sets by grooves, relief
recesses, or the like (not shown).
The spaced projections 118 on each upper row define depressions 120
therebetween, and have end walls 122 which join bottom walls 124 of
the depressions 120 with crests 126 of said projections 118. The
spaced projections 118' on each lower row define depressions 120'
therebetween and have end walls 122' which join bottom walls 124'
of the depressions 120' with crests 126' of said projections 118'.
The row of projections 118' on the lower sealing die are
circumferentially offset from, and in axial alignment with a
cooperating row of projections 118 such that the cooperating row of
projections on each of the sealing dies will mesh with the
depressions on the other sealing die during the sealing operation.
As stated above, the upper and lower sealing dies 76p, 78p are
provided with a plurality of cooperating sets of projections which
are identical to the set just described, and each cooperating set
of projections is axially spaced from adjacent sets by grooves,
relief recesses, or the like.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the structure of the transverse end
seal bands formed by the sealing dies 76p, 78p will be described.
The transverse end seal bands are each defined by a plurality of
transversely spaced seal rows 149; each seal row 149 being formed
by a cooperating set of projections on the sealing dies 76p, 78p.
Each seal row 149 extends in the direction of elongation 151 of the
absorbent pad, and this direction of elongation corresponds to the
direction in which the tension forces are applied to the continuous
composite structure by the driven belt assembly 106. The spaces, or
regions 158 between adjacent seal rows 149 are not compressed, and
represent the regions of the continuous composite structure which
pass between the upper and lower sealing dies 76p, 78p in alignment
with the grooves, or relief recesses (not shown) that separate
cooperating sets of projections.
The opposed surfaces in each seal row 149 are defined by adjacent
ridges 150 and valleys 152 interconnected by lateral walls 154. The
valleys 152 on each surface are aligned with the ridges 150 on the
other surface (FIG. 6). The continuous fibrous envelope 18' is
compressed in the region of the lateral walls 154 to form the seal
regions 156 which are characterized by interlocked fibers of the
webs of said continuous fibrous envelope 18'. The compressive
forces for forming the seal regions 156 are applied by adjacent end
walls 122, 122' of adjacent meshing projections 118, 118',
respectively. The magnitude of the compressive forces required to
prevent the transverse end seal bands from opening during the pad
forming operations also causes a thinning and weakening of the webs
in the seal regions 156 (FIG. 6). In some instances, these
compressive forces cause the webs to actually tear in said seal
regions 156. These weakened and/or torn seal regions 156, in the
plane of the absorbent pad, extend transversely to the direction in
which the tensioning forces are applied by the driven belt assembly
106 during the formation of the absorbent pads. The magnitude of
the tensioning forces required to prevent undesired sideways
movement or tracking have, in many instances, exceeded the tensile
strength of the continuous fibrous envelope 18' along the
transverse seal bands 80 to thereby cause a separation of discrete
sections from the continuous composite structure at said transverse
seal bands 80 prior to the completion of the pad forming
operations. As stated earlier, this separation of discrete sections
requires machine down time to permit the continuous composite
structure to be repositioned for proper feed through the sequential
pad forming operations.
THE INVENTION
Applicant has discovered that transversely adjacent weakened, or
torn seal regions 156 in adjacent seal rows 149 define transverse
lines of weakness characterized by transversely spaced, weakened
seal regions 156 interconnected by the uncompressed regions 158. A
substantial transverse extent of these lines of weakness is defined
by the transversely extending, weakened, or torn seal regions 156.
This fact that the weakened seal regions 156 constitute a
substantial portion of the transverse lines of weakness was
determined to be the cause of the undesirably low tensile strengths
of the webs in the transverse seal bands.
Applicant recognized that the tensile strength of the continuous
fibrous envelopes 18' in the transverse seal bands could be
enhanced by reducing the transverse dimension of the weakened seal
regions. Applicant's unique method for reducing this transverse
dimension of weakened seal regions in the lines of weakness will
now be described with reference to FIGS. 8-12.
Referring first to FIGS. 10-12, the sealing dies which are utilized
at the sealing station 70 (FIG. 4) for forming transverse seal
bands according to the teachings of this invention will be
described. An upper sealing die 76 is fixed within the upper
carrier roll 72 and a lower sealing die 78 is fixed within the
lower carrier roll 74. The continuous fibrous envelope 18' is fed
between the sealing dies 76, 78 in the direction indicated by arrow
200, and the sealing dies are driven in the direction indicated by
arrows 202, 204, respectively (FIGS. 10 and 12).
The cooperation between the upper and lower sealing dies 76, 78 can
be best understood with reference to FIG. 11 which shows one
cooperating set of projections. This cooperating set of projections
comprises a row of axially spaced projections 218 on the upper
sealing die and a cooperating row of axially spaced projections
218' on the lower sealing die. The row of axially spaced
projections 218 define depressions 220 therebetween and have side
walls 222 which join bottom walls 224 of the depressions 220 with
crests 226 of said projections 218. The row of axially spaced
projections 218' define depressions 220' therebetween and have side
walls 222' which join bottom walls 224' of the depressions 220'
with crests 226' of said projections 218'.
The rows of projections 218' on the lower sealing die 78 are
axially offset from, and in circumferential alignment with its
cooperating row of projections 218 of the upper sealing die 76 such
that the projections in each row of projections mesh with the
depressions between spaced projections of the other row as
indicated in FIG. 11.
The upper and lower sealing dies are provided with a plurality of
cooperating sets of projections which are identical to the set
described with reference to FIG. 11, and each cooperating set of
projections is circumferentially offset from adjacent sets by rows
of axially aligned grooves 228, 228' in the upper and lower sealing
dies, respectively (FIGS. 10 and 12). Each row of axially aligned
grooves in one sealing die is in circumferential alignment with a
cooperating row of axially aligned grooves in the other sealing
die. When the upper and lower sealing dies 76, 78 are in
cooperating, sealing relationship with each other, the bases of
opposed, circumferentially aligned rows of grooves 228, 228' are
spaced from each other a greater distance than the thickness, or
caliper of the webs of the continuous fibrous envelope 18' passing
between said dies (FIG. 12). Therefore, the regions of the
continuous fibrous envelope 18' which pass between aligned rows of
grooves 228, 228' will not be compressed.
Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9 the unique transverse end seal bands 12,
14 of this invention will be described. The end seal bands 12, 14
are identical and therefore the description which follows will be
limited to end seal band 14 (FIG. 8). The transverse end seal band
14 is defined by a plurality of transversely extending seal rows
249 which are spaced from each other in the direction of elongation
of the elongate, disposable absorbent pad 10. This direction of
elongation is indicated by arrow 151, and corresponds to the
direction of feed of the continuous composite structure through the
pad forming operations, and to the direction in which the tension
forces are applied through the driven belt assembly 106. Each seal
row 249 is created by a cooperating set of projections 218, 218' on
the upper and lower sealing dies 76, 78 respectively. Opposed
surfaces of each seal row 249 are defined by transversely adjacent
ridges 250 and valleys 252 interconnected by lateral walls 254, and
the valleys on one opposed surface are aligned with the ridges on
the other opposed surface. Each lateral wall 252 has a seal region
256 characterized by interlocked fibers of the webs in said seal
regions. These seal regions 256 are formed by compressive forces
applied to the webs of the continuous fibrous envelope 18' by
adjacent side walls 222, 222' of adjacent, meshing projections 218,
218', respectively. As stated above, the regions of the webs of the
continuous fibrous envelope 18' which align with the grooves 228,
228' of the upper and lower sealing dies 76, 78, respectively, are
not compressed, and define unweakened transversely extending
regions 258 between adjacent seal rows 249 (FIG. 8).
The seal regions 256 are substantially weakened, and in some
instances are torn, in the same manner as the seal regions 156 of
the prior art absorbent pads. However, the weakened seal regions
256 in the transverse end seal band 14, in the plane of the
absorbent pad 10, extend in the elongate direction of said pad, and
not transverse to said elongate direction as is the case in the
prior art absorbent pad described above (FIG. 5). Therefore, the
transverse dimension of the regions of weakness, i.e., seal regions
256, as viewed transversely to the elongate direction of the
absorbent pad 10, is extremely small, being approximately equal to
the thickness of the webs of the fibrous envelope 18 in the seal
regions 256 (FIG. 9). These weakened regions of narrow transverse
dimension are interconnected by unweakened ridges 250 and valleys
252 which define the major transverse extent of the transverse end
seal bands. This transverse end seal band 14 has been found to have
a tensile strength in the direction of elongation of the absorbent
pad 10 which is approximately twice the tensile strength of the end
seal bands of the prior art absorbent pad described above in
connection with FIGS. 5 and 6. This increase in tensile strength
has proven sufficient to prevent separation of discrete sections
from the continuous composite structure as a result of the tension
forces applied to the continuous composite structure as it is fed
through the various pad forming operations.
* * * * *