U.S. patent number 3,867,573 [Application Number 05/188,065] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-18 for track to train communication systems.
This patent grant is currently assigned to British Railways Board. Invention is credited to Michael Sambrook Birkin.
United States Patent |
3,867,573 |
Birkin |
February 18, 1975 |
TRACK TO TRAIN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Abstract
A transmitter for use in signalling systems for example in track
to train communication systems for transmitting information in
digital code. The transmitter comprises a plurality of read-only
memories each having a stored information content related to a
respective state of a variable. Control means are responsive to the
state of the variable for causing the output of the one of the
read-only memories related to the prevailing state of the variable
to be transmitted by the transmitter.
Inventors: |
Birkin; Michael Sambrook
(London, EN) |
Assignee: |
British Railways Board (London,
EN)
|
Family
ID: |
10456201 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/188,065 |
Filed: |
October 12, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Oct 23, 1970 [GB] |
|
|
50520/70 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
178/17.5;
246/167R |
Current CPC
Class: |
B61L
3/225 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B61L
3/22 (20060101); B61L 3/00 (20060101); B61l
003/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;178/43,63,49,3,17.5
;179/82,5R,5P,18BB,9BB ;340/47,48,173SP,263,23,24,365S,172.5,173R
;246/187C,187B,63,8,167R,174,175 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Brown; Thomas W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pollock, Philpitt & Vande
Sande
Claims
1. In a track-to-train communication system for transmitting
information to a train related to the control of the running of the
train in dependence upon the prevailing one of a plurality of
signal aspects,
signal indicating means controlled to one of a plurality of
conditions to indicate a prevailing one of a plurality of signal
aspects,
a transmitter, having an output, for transmitting said information
in digital code and comprising a plurality of non-destruct
read-only memories each having stored therein information related
to a respective one of a plurality of signal apsects,
and control means responsive to said indicating means for causing
information stored in the one of the read-only memories related to
the
2. The system of claim 1 wherein all said read-only memories are
simultaneously active and said control means comprises switching
means for connecting the output of the one of the read-only
memories related to the prevailing signal aspect to said output
circuit of said transmitter.
Description
The present invention relates to transmitters for use in a
signalling system in which information is transmitted in digital
code.
The invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, applicable
to track to train communication systems but also has application
for example in telemetering systems.
In track-to-train communication systems, information in the form of
a digital track telegram is conveyed from a trackside transmitter
to a train in order to control the running of the train by giving
command signals to the train driver or by automatically actuating
the train control gear. The information may be relayed from the
transmitter through conductors laid along the track and which
become inductively coupled with aerial means on the train, the
aerial means in turn feeding a decoding receiver on the train. The
track telegram may have for example an information content which is
used by equipment on the train to calculate the maximum permissible
speed of the train for presentation to the train driver as a visual
display.
Track telegrams have an information content, part of which is
constant for the particular block section to which it is
applicable. This constant information can be termed geographical
information and for example comprises the distance to signals,
gradient information and sections of the track in which speed
restrictions are imposed. The remaining part of the information
content of the track telegram is variable information related to
the prevailing signal aspect which represents traffic conditions
ahead of the train and dependent upon the track occupation by
trains ahead. The information content of the track telegram will
therefore vary in dependence upon the prevailing signal aspect
ahead of the train.
At the present time there are normally four signal aspects, green,
double yellow, yellow and red, although additional signal aspects
may be used. The colour terminology for signal aspect has been used
for convenience but it will be appreciated that, particularly in
the case of automatic train control, the signal aspect may be
represented by electric signals.
The object of this invention is to provide a transmitter in which
digital encoding of information does not have to take place each
time there is a change in the state of a variable such as signal
aspect, controlling the information content. Since, in the case of
track telegrams of track-to-train communication systems, digital
encoding will normally include parity checking bits which have been
permanently written in the track telegram, there will be permanent
correlation between the information bits and parity checking bits
for detecting errors. This follows from the fact that since the
message is permanent, the parity bits will be permanent as well;
thus avoiding possible errors in encoding.
According to this invention, a transmitter for use in signalling
systems for transmitting information in digital code, comprises a
plurality of read-only memories each having a stored information
content related to a respective state of a variable, and control
means respective to the state of the variable for causing the
output of the one of the read-only memories related to the
prevailing state of the variable to be transmitted by the
transmitter.
By the term "read-only memory" is meant a permanent information
store, that is to say a store whose information content is not
updated during interrogation. One known form of "read-only" memory
comprises a diode matrix, in which the information content is
writen into the store by inserting diode pins at selected
junctions, the presence of a diode at a junction representing say a
`0` and the absence of a diode then representing a `1` in
conventional binary code.
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a
transmitter in accordance with the invention and as applied to a
railway track-to-train communication system will now be described
by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of the transmitter and associated
control equipment, and
FIG. 2 shows one of the read-only memories of the transmitter in
more detail.
The system will be described as applied to one block section of a
railway track having a set of four aspect visual signals. The
object of the invention is to transmit a track telegram to the
train concerning geographical features of the track in the block
section which is fixed information and also signal aspect
information which will inform the train of the prevailing signal
aspect at the time the track telegram is transmitted. Thus, for
example, if the track telegram is transmitting a telegram which in
content will provide the train with a maximum permissible speed,
this will be different for each signal aspect.
The visual signals referenced Y.sub.1, G, Y.sub.2 and R are
illuminated from an alternating current power source 1 through
transformers 2, 3, 4 and 5. The selection of the signal to be
illuminated is controlled by three relays or indicating means HR,
HHR and DR, the energisation of which is controlled by trackside
signalling equipment in known manner. In the circuit between the
power source 1 and the signals, relay HR has contacts HR1, relay
HHR has relay contacts HHR1 and relay DR has contacts DR1 and DR2.
The position of these contacts is shown for the energised condition
of the relays. With all three relays energised, visual signal G is
illuminated to provide a green signal aspect. With relays HR and
HHR energised and relay DR de-energised, signals y.sub.1 and
Y.sub.2 are illuminated to provide a double-yellow signal aspect.
With relay HR energised and relays HHR and DR de-energised, signal
Y.sub.2 is illuminated to provide a yellow signal aspect. With
relay HR de-energised, signal R is illuminated to provide a red
signal aspect.
The telegram transmitter comprises four read-only memories ROM1,
ROM2, ROM3 and ROM4 connected through contacts HR2, HHR2 and DR3 of
relays HR, HHR and DR to data output line 6 which via a modulator 7
feeds the track conductors or equivalent track circuit through
which communication is established with a train in the block
section. The position of contacts HR2, HHR2 and DR3 is shown for
the energised condition of their associated relays. It will be seen
therefore that for a green signal aspect read-only memory ROM4 is
connected to the data output line 6; for a double yellow signal
aspect, read-only memory ROM3 is connected to the data output line
6; for a yellow signal aspect, read-only memory ROM2 is connected
to the data output line 6; and for a red signal aspect, read-only
memory ROM1 is connected to the data output line 6. Thus for each
signal aspect, the contents of a respective one of the read-only
memories ROM1 to ROM4 will be fed to the data output line 6 and
will be continually and serially transmitted via the modulator 7 to
the track circuit.
Read-only memories and systems for their interrogation are well
known. However one form of read-only memory and its interrogating
system will now be briefly described with reference to FIG. 2.
The read-only memory produces a 256 bit binary sequence. The
pattern is determined by the position of diode pins in a 16 + 16
matrix board 10. Thus, depending upon the convention adopted, the
presence of a diode pin at a junction will, say, represent a 0, and
the absence of a diode pin will represent a 1.
The matrix is scanned electronically by placing a 0 on one of the
horizontal rows while the other 15 rows are held at the 1 level.
Each column is then selected in turn by an electronic switch to
detect if there is a diode pin at the junction between the row with
a 0 applied to it and the selected column. When all the columns
have been examined, the next row is selected and the process
repeated.
The column selector switch consists of two eight-way multiplexers
11 and 12. Each multiplexer input is connected to each row of a
respective column by means of a 16 input AND gate made from two
eight input NAND gates 13 and 14 and a NOR gate 15. The column to
which each multiplexer is connected is determined by the states of
the inputs A, B and C. Each multiplexer is made to scan its eight
inputs by cycling the three inputs A, B and C with the outputs from
the first three stages of a four stage ripple counter 16 via buffer
gates 17, 18 and 19. The fourth stage of the counter 16 is used to
switch between the two multiplexers 11 and 12 using gates 22, 23,
24 and 25 and to drive the row selector via line 20.
The ripple counter 16 and hence the multiplexers 11 and 12 change
on negative going edges of clock input 26 which is shaped by a
Schmitt trigger circuit 27.
For row selection, a 0 is cycled around the 16 outputs of two
binary to octal decoders 30 and 31 by a four stage ripple counter
32. Each of the outputs of the decoders 30 and 31 is connected to a
respective row of the matrix 10. Buffer gates 33 to 36 are included
between the counter 32 and the decoders 30 and 31 to prevent
spurious signals generated by the decoders 30 and 31 from resetting
the counter 32.
The counters 16 and 32 are shown as having a synchronisation input
38, but this is optional.
There are several other ways in which the read-only memories can be
controlled so that the read-only memory related to the prevailing
signal aspect is providing the track telegram: For example, the
relay contacts HR2, HHR2 and DR3 may be provided in the respective
clock inputs to the read-only memories or in the respective power
supply leads to the read-only memories.
* * * * *