U.S. patent number 3,867,501 [Application Number 05/317,642] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-18 for method for molding candles of varying configuration.
Invention is credited to Roger L. Manning, James W. Powers.
United States Patent |
3,867,501 |
Powers , et al. |
February 18, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
METHOD FOR MOLDING CANDLES OF VARYING CONFIGURATION
Abstract
A method of utilizing adjustable candle-making apparatus
intended primarily for home use and adaptable for molding candles
of varying size, shape and artistic surface design. The molding
apparatus comprises a flat horizontal base having two spaced sets
of elongate parallel grooves formed in its upper surface
intersecting two other such sets of grooves as right angles. Four
flat wall panels are provided, each adaptable to be seated in
upright position in a pre-selected groove of one of the sets so as
to form a vertical mold enclosure of variable rectangular
cross-section, the cross-sectional size and shape of the enclosure
being dependent upon the combination of grooves selected for
seating the respective panels. Each panel has a width at least as
great as that needed to form the largest wall of the largest
contemplated mold enclosure so that the same four panels may be
used to form all possible mold configurations. Differently shaped
insert pieces are provided which may be variably positioned inside
the wall panels to give the craftsman an opportunity for forming a
selective variety of carved or patterned designs on the surface of
the candle. Certain of the insert pieces have sculptural
impressions formed thereon for forming especially artistic figures,
while other insert pieces are useful for forming candles of other
than square or rectangular cross-section.
Inventors: |
Powers; James W. (Milwaukie,
OR), Manning; Roger L. (Lake Oswego, OR) |
Family
ID: |
23234609 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/317,642 |
Filed: |
December 22, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
264/219; 249/104;
249/157; 264/275; 425/803 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11C
5/023 (20130101); Y10S 425/803 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C11C
5/02 (20060101); C11C 5/00 (20060101); C11c
005/02 (); B28b 007/02 (); B28b 007/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;249/157,142,104,49
;425/803 ;264/219,275 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Baldwin; Robert D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Chernoff & Vilhauer
Claims
1. A method of molding candles which comprises:
a. providing a base having a central aperture and a plurality of
intersecting longitudinal grooves formed in the upper surface
thereof, said grooves being positioned so as to form a plurality of
closed geometric figures of different sizes and shapes;
b. providing a flat bottom plate having the same shape as a
selected one of said geometric figures and including an aperture
corresponding in location to that of said central aperture;
c. forming a mold enclosure of variable cross-sectional size and
shape on said base by adjustably attaching flat upright wall panels
in a pre-selected set of said grooves;
d. stretching a wick through said apertures and tautly securing
same adjacent said base and centrally above said wall panels;
and
e. pouring molten wax into said mold enclosure to form a candle
having a
2. The method of claim 1, further including placing a plurality of
insert pieces, adapted for variable placement against said wall
panels, into abutment with the interior of said wall panels thereby
forming a variable
3. The method of claim 2 including placing said insert pieces so
that they
4. The method of claim 2 including placing said insert pieces in
abutment
5. The method of claim 2 including adhering said insert pieces to
the interior of said wall panels to thereby hold said pieces in
position while
6. The method of claim 2 wherein said insert pieces are of
prismatic shape.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus and method for
fabricating candles in the home. More specifically the apparatus is
of a highly adjustable type for molding candles of widely varying
physical configuration and artistic appearance while requiring a
minimum of component parts to achieve such variations.
The present trend toward increased leisure time has influenced the
lives of a great many people in this country, with the result that
ever-increasing numbers of the population are actively pursuing
hobbies as an outlet for their energies. An increased interest in
the field of arts and crafts has been an inevitable consequence of
this trend, so that it is not surprising now to find a burgeoning
demand for equipment and materials needed for artistic or other
creative pursuits. One time-honored art which one would expect to
be a natural beneficiary of this growing interest is the art of
candle making. Unfortunately, however, inexpensive candle making
equipment of the type currently available on the market and
suitable for home use has invariably lacked the high degree of
versatility required to enable persons to exercise any appreciable
degree of creativity in the molding of candles, which deficiency
has in turn hampered the development of interest in the
candle-making art. For example, kits are available wherein separate
molds of different configurations are provided to permit the
formation of candles having different sizes and shapes, but since a
separate mold must be provided for each individual candle shape the
overall bulk and cost of the kit is multiplied by each incremental
gain in versatility. Thus marketing considerations have forced the
degree of versatility to be kept at a low level. In addition, no
means are provided for permitting any appreciable exercise of the
craftsman's individual creative skills by allowing him, for
example, to form his own unique surface designs, patterns or
configurations on the candle. Accordingly the craftsman finds his
opportunity to create severely limited by the disappointing lack of
versatility in his equipment, and consequently loses interest in
the art.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an adjustable candle mold
which, although extremely simple in construction and having
relatively few component parts, possesses a high degree of
versatility not heretofore provided in home candle-making
equipment. Inherent in the use of the apparatus is a candle-molding
method which is also unique.
Essentially the mold comprises a flat base portion having a
plurality of grooves formed in its upper surface for supporting the
bottom edges of a group of adjustable wall panels which form the
sides of the candle mold. By adjustably seating the wall panels in
different selected ones of the grooves, mold enclosures of
different cross-sectional sizes and shapes can be formed using the
same base and the same wall panels. The different candles formed by
the mold may also be produced with a wide variety of carved or
sculptural surface designs through the use of differently shaped
insert pieces which may be positioned in any desired pattern or
combination inside the wall panels. The insert pieces may be
positioned either by removably adhering them to the insides of the
wall panels or, alternatively, by successively placing them in
position as the candle is poured. Some of the inserts are
preferably provided with sculptural artistic designs which produce
unusual reliefs on the surface of the candle. Other inserts will
produce cylindrical or various other shaped candles. All candle
configurations may be poured to variable heights, thereby providing
an almost endless assortment of different candle forms.
Because of the high degree of variability made possible by the
grooved base and adjustable wall panels, only one basic mold need
be provided to form all of the various candle configurations
contemplated, as opposed to the multiple molds required in prior
art candle forming devices. This universal adaptability of the mold
minimizes the number of component parts required to achieve high
versatility and thereby greatly enhances both the marketability and
utility of the device. The particular construction of the base,
which provides an array of grooves capable of seating and holding
the respective wall panels in variable positions, also contributes
to the simplification of the mold while permitting extremely quick
and easy assembly and disassembly. Finally, the provision of insert
pieces of different shapes and sizes adaptable for variable
selective placement within the mold wall panels in virtually any
pattern chosen by the craftsman provides the opportunity for
creative expression heretofore lacking in candle molding equipment
available for home use, and provides the craftsman with the
incentive needed to attract and retain his interest in the art.
The foregoing and other objectives, features and advantages of the
present invention will be more readily understood upon
consideration of the following detailed description of the
invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the basic adjustable
candle mold, illustrating the grooved base, bottom plate,
adjustable wall panels and band for securing the top of the
panels.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the interior of two wall panels
with respective insert pieces positioned for forming a carved
relief pattern on the surface of a candle.
FIG. 2A is a perspective rear view of a typical insert piece shown
with an adhesive material for affixing the piece to a wall
panel.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a candle with a carved relief
pattern formed from insert pieces placed in accordance with FIG.
2.
FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a different candle configuration
typical of many such configurations obtainable using the apparatus
herein.
FIG. 4 is a front view of a typical insert piece adaptable for
reproducing a sculptural impression on the surface of a candle.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along lines 5--5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a group of insert members
adaptable for forming cylindrical candles.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The adjustable candle mold, shown in its most basic form, is
designated generally as 10 in FIG. 1 and comprises a grooved base
12, an adjustable mold wall 14 comprising individual wall panels
16, and a bottom plate 18. Formed in the top of the base 12 are
multiple grooves grouped into four sets 20, 22, 24 and 26
respectively, each set comprising three elongate straight parallel
grooves. Two of the sets, 20 and 24, are arranged parallel to one
another while the other two sets 22 and 26 intersect sets 20 and 24
at right angles. The individual grooves of the various sets are
equally spaced from one another, as are also the respective
parallel sets of grooves. Thus certain combinations of the grooves
join together to form differently sized square figures on the
surface of base 12, while other combinations join together to form
oblong rectangular figures. An aperture 28 extends through the base
12 for fastening one end of a candle wick preparatory to pouring a
candle in the manner to be described hereafter.
Each of the wall panels 16 is of flat, rectangular shape and is of
a thickness just slightly smaller than the width of the respective
grooves formed in the base 12, so as to permit the wall panels 16
to be seated tightly in respective pre-selected grooves and thereby
held firmly in vertical position. Each of the wall panels 16 has a
width at least as great as the distance between the outermost
grooves of two parallel sets of grooves, for example the distance
between the outermost grooves of sets 20 and 24 respectively. Thus
if each wall panel 16 is seated in a respective outer groove of
each of the four sets 20, 22, 24 and 26, a vertical mold enclosure
is formed having a square-shaped cross-section corresponding to the
square figure formed by the intersection of the four outer grooves.
Alternatively, if the wall panels 16 are each seated in an
intermediate groove of the respective sets 20, 22, 24 and 26, a
vertical mold enclosure of smaller square cross-section will
result. To achieve such smaller mold configuration utilizing the
same four wall panels 16, it is necessary only to position the
panels in offset relationship to one another as shown in FIG. 1, so
that one edge of each panel abuts the side of an adjacent panel at
right angles thereto, with the unused portion of each wall panel
extending outwardly from each corner.
If, instead of a square cross-section, a mold enclosure having an
elongate rectangular cross-section is desired, it is necessary only
to seat the respective wall panels 16 in non-corresponding grooves
of each set. For example if two opposite wall panels are seated in
the innermost grooves of sets 20 and 24, and the other two panels
are seated in the outermost grooves of sets 22 and 26, a mold of
oblong rectangular shape will result. With the particular
configuration of grooves illustrated in FIG. 1, wherein each set
comprises three parallel grooves, the number of different possible
mold cross-sections includes three sizes of squares and six
differently shaped oblong rectangles. Obviously an increased number
of grooves produces a substantially greater number of
variations.
For any mold configuration other than that formed by seating the
respective wall panels 16 in the innermost grooves of each set,
there will be one or more exposed grooves falling within the wall
panels. It is of course undesirable to have any such grooves
exposed to the interior of the mold since the finished candle will
then contain a ridge corresponding to the location of such exposed
grooves. Accordingly a plurality of bottom plates such as 18,
having different shapes corresponding to the various cross-sections
of all but the smallest mold configuration are provided for
inserting within the wall panels adjacent the base 12 to cover the
otherwise exposed grooves. Each bottom plate 18 has an aperture 30
formed therein corresponding to the placement of the aperture 28 in
the base 12.
Although the grooves formed in the base 12, if they are cut deep
enough and sized properly, will hold the wall panels 16 in proper
vertical position with the respective panels joined together
tightly, it is preferable to provide some means removed from the
grooves and located near the top of the wall panels to hold them
together and thereby insure that no spreading occurs due to
pressure resulting from the pouring of the candle. A simple
expedient for accomplishing this purpose is to provide a heavy
elastic band such as 32 which may be stretched around the tops of
the panels after they are in position.
It should be noted that arrangement of the respective grooves on
the surface of the base 12 in square and rectangular patterns is
not the only possible practicable arrangement. In addition, various
other polygonal arrangements, e.g., triangular or hexagonal, either
superimposed upon the rectangular patterns shown in FIG. 1 or
formed in the opposite side of the base 12, might be desirable. A
variable triangular arrangement would require three sets of
intersecting grooves and three wall panels rather than four, while
a variable hexagonal pattern would require six sets of grooves and
six wall panels.
A cylindrical mold configuration may be achieved by use of an
insert assembly such as 38 shown in FIG. 6. Such assembly comprises
four insert pieces 40, each having flat surfaces for abutting the
inner surfaces of the respective wall panels 16 and including an
inner arcuate surface for forming candles of cylindrical or
partially curved surface configuration. To avoid the undue
formation of multiple seams on the surface of a cylindrical candle
due to the respective joints between the insert pieces 40, a thin
flexible lining such as 42 may be placed inside the curved insert
pieces so as to cover the joints. As an alternative to the
foregoing method of molding cylindrically shaped candles, multiple
concentric circular grooves of varying diameter might be formed in
the base 12, but a different cylindrical wall would then be
required for each different mold diameter.
Supplementing the versatility of the candle mold beyond that made
possible by the variable shape and size of the mold enclosure, a
variety of insert pieces are provided adaptable to be placed in
variable positions against the interior surfaces of the respective
wall panels 16. Some of the insert pieces are of various prismatic
shapes, such as 44 and 46 shown in FIG. 2, so that when positioned
against the interior of the wall panels in variable patterns or
combinations selected by the craftsman, they form unique carved
effects in the surface of the molded candle. For example FIG. 3
illustrates a relief pattern formed in two sides of a candle by the
placement of insert pieces 44 and 46 in accordance with FIG. 2. A
multitude of other relief patterns are also possible, such as that
depicted in the candle of FIG. 3A formed by closed lateral
arrangement of prismatic pieces of the type shown in FIG. 2.
The placement and support of the insert pieces may be accomplished
in one of several alternative manners. Each insert piece may be
provided with an adhesive backing 48 (FIG. 2A) which permits the
piece to be temporarily adhered to the respective wall panel during
pouring of the candle, and later removed so that it may be reused.
Such adhesive may be of any conventional type, the holding power of
which is not adversely affected by exposure to moisture or
temperatures approximating the melting point of candle wax. A tape
with suitable adhesive on both sides might be used for this
purpose. Alternatively, insert pieces with no adhesive could be
used, but in order to position such pieces the candle would have to
be poured in courses. For example to achieve the candle
configuration of FIG. 3 a bottom layer of wax would have to be
poured and allowed to harden sufficiently to support the weight of
the bottom insert piece 44 and the piece 46, after which such
pieces could be positioned atop the bottom layer of wax in abutment
with the wall panel 16. Thereafter additional wax would be poured
covering the lower piece 44 until the level for placement of the
next higher insert piece 44 is reached. Thereafter the wax would be
permitted to harden until it could support the next higher insert
piece 44, and so on.
In addition to the prismatic insert pieces exemplified by 44 and
46, it is also desirable to provide certain insert pieces having
sculptural impressions pre-formed thereon, such as insert piece 50
shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Such sculptural impressions may take the
form of human or animal figures, flowers or other plant life,
pictorial representations etc. The insert pieces are preferably
constructed of pre-formed plastic film and may, if appropriate,
contain artistic patterns arranged so as to be optically divisible
along certain imaginary lines such as 51a and 51b without thereby
splitting the individual components of the patterns. This feature
permits candles to be poured to different incremental heights
corresponding to such imaginary lines of division without adversely
affecting the appearance of the pattern. Each sculptural insert
piece may alternatively constitute only a single component of an
overall artistic pattern, to be arranged according to the
craftsman's choosing, for example a single flower intended as part
of an array of flowers. The provision of such sculptural insert
pieces contributes significantly to the beauty and uniqueness of
the candles obtainable by utilizing the adjustable mold of the
present invention.
The material from which the component parts of the adjustable mold
are constructed is preferably a smooth-surfaced, heat resistant
plastic of substantial rigidity. Such material lends itself most
readily to inexpensive fabrication and resultant low price to the
customer, thereby contributing to the overall marketability of the
mold.
In use, the mold 10 is assembled in the manner described above to
provide a mold enclosure having the particular cross-sectional
shape and size desired by the craftsman. Insert pieces are placed
as desired, and a candle wick is inserted through the aperture 28
in the base 12 and knotted to prevent its being pulled into the
mold enclosure. The other end of the wick is tied tautly to a dowel
(not shown) supported atop two opposing wall panels 16 so as to
span the distance between them. The wick thus extends axially
substantially through the center of the mold enclosure. After the
candle is poured and solidified, the mold is disassembled. The
bottom end of the candle during the pouring process then becomes
the top, since shrinkage makes the opposite end unsuitable for the
purpose.
The terms and expressions which have been employed in the foregoing
abstract and specification are used therein as terms of description
and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of
such terms and expressions, of excluding equivalents of the
features shown and described or portions thereof, it being
recognized that the scope of the invention is defined and limited
only by the claims which follow.
* * * * *