U.S. patent number 3,865,389 [Application Number 05/348,236] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-11 for safety binding for skis.
This patent grant is currently assigned to S.A. Francois Salomon & Fils. Invention is credited to Marc Delery.
United States Patent |
3,865,389 |
Delery |
February 11, 1975 |
SAFETY BINDING FOR SKIS
Abstract
The safety binding includes a plate between the ski and the
skier's boot, the plate being secured to the boot detachably but
positively and secured to the ski at least partly detachably by
means of securing elements adapted to yield, beyond a predetermined
threshold, to loads applied in the form of torsion in the plane of
the ski or in the form of pivoting; it also includes at least one
flexible connection secured to the ski and plate on their opposing
surfaces and cooperating with at least one resiliently extensible
and/or flexible element adapted to apply to the connection a
restoring force tending to bring it back into the plane of the
ski.
Inventors: |
Delery; Marc (Lyon,
FR) |
Assignee: |
S.A. Francois Salomon &
Fils (Annecy (Haute-Savoie), FR)
|
Family
ID: |
9097010 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/348,236 |
Filed: |
April 5, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 12, 1972 [FR] |
|
|
72-13502 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
280/637 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63C
9/086 (20130101); A63C 9/002 (20130101); A63C
9/08535 (20130101); A63C 9/0841 (20130101); A63C
9/0805 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63C
9/00 (20060101); A63C 9/086 (20060101); A63C
9/08 (20060101); A63c 009/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;280/11.35N,11.35R,11.35C,11.35K |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schonberg; David
Assistant Examiner: Mitchell; David M.
Claims
I claim:
1. A safety binding for a ski comprising: a plate adapted to be
mounted between the ski and a skier's boot; first securing elements
for detachably securing said plate to said boot; second securing
elements for detachably securing said plate to said ski, said
second securing elements adapted to yield, beyond a predetermined
threshold, to release said plate in response to loads applied in
the form of torsion in the plane of the ski and in a verticle
plane; at least one flexible connection having one end secured to
the ski and the other end secured to said plate; resilient means
having one end attached to said flexible connection transversely
thereof and at an intermediate point between the ends thereof, said
resilient means having a sufficient length to allow said plate to
fully separate from said ski and being adapted to apply to said
connection a restoring force forming at said intermediate point a
fold, said restoring force tending to bring the folded parts of
said connection back into a plane parallel to that of said ski.
2. A binding according to claim 1, wherein one end of said
resilient means is connected to said flexible connection while the
other end is secured to said ski.
3. A binding according to claim 2, further comprising slide means
for slidably connecting said resilient means to said flexible
connection.
4. A binding according to claim 2, wherein said one end of the
resilient means is fixedly connected to the flexible
connection.
5. A binding according to claim 1, wherein one end of said
resilient means is connected to the flexible connection, while the
other end is secured to the plate.
6. A binding according to claim 1, wherein the plate is connected
to the ski by two flexible connections spaced from each other and
connected to each other by said resilient means.
7. A binding according to claim 1, wherein, when the ski and the
plate are assembled, said ends of said flexible connection are at
least approximately face to face at a certain distance from said
intermediate point, whereby said resilient means urges said
connection to flatten into overlapped portions between the ski and
the plate.
8. A binding according to claim 1, wherein two resilient means,
connected at one end to one flexible connection, are secured, on
each side of said flexible connection and at a certain distance
therefrom, one to the ski and the other to the plate, in a manner
such that the said resilient means urge the connection to flatten
into a Z shape between the ski and the plate.
9. A binding according to claim 1, comprising, a link fixed at one
end to the ski about a pivot having a transverse axis and whose
other end is held to the ski by said second securing means, said
plate being attached to said link; the anchor points, on the plate
and the ski, for the flexible connection or connections, by means
of which the resilient means exert on the ski a restoring force
tending to bring it back under the plate, being spaced from the
pivot for the link.
10. A binding according to claim 1, wherein said plate is provided
with a cavity on a surface thereof opposite to said ski, said
cavity being adapted to house said flexible connection and said
resilient means in a tidy position therein.
11. A binding as defined in claim 1, wherein said flexible
connection is a flat band transversely fixed on its entire width,
at said ends, to said ski and said plate, respectively.
Description
The invention relates to safety bindings for skis.
For some considerable time, designers have been endeavouring to
make these more convenient to use. In its most convenient form, the
binding is designed in a manner such that all that is required is
to engage the boot with the securing elements integral with the ski
and to press on the heel in order to secure the ski to the boot
automatically by resilient locking means. In order to remove the
ski, the skier merely applies pressure with the tip of his stick to
a releasing element near the heel of the boot, also known as the
rear stop, which then releases the boot. Thus, the skier does not
have to bend down either to put his skis on or to take them
off.
With the advent of safety bindings, it has become necessary to
provide, apart from the actual binding elements between the ski and
the boot, an additional connection, generally called a safety
strap, the purpose of which is, when the binding opens as the
result of a fall, to keep the ski near the skier, while still
allowing his legs to be relieved of any stresses communicated to
them by the skis.
The need for a safety strap of this kind, to prevent the loss of
the ski in the event of a fall, is a limitation which makes it
impossible to take full advantage of the automatic safety binding,
since the skier has to bend down in any case to secure or release
the safety strap whenever he wishes to put his skis on or take them
off.
Moreover, in the event of a fall, the strap frequently twists, thus
becoming shorter and preventing the foot from being correctly
replaced. The skier then has to remove the strap in order to
replace it correctly. Moreover, when the skies are put on after
being carried, the strap may be in any position and will usually
get in the way, in which case it must be replaced manually, an
irksome operation.
It is the purpose of the invention to eliminate these disadvantages
in safety bindings of this type which comprise, between the ski and
the boot, a plate attached immovably but positively to the boot,
i.e., the plate cannot leave the boot in the event of a fall; on
the other hand, it is at least partially removable from the ski by
means of binding elements engaging resiliently and designed to
yield, beyond a predetermined threshold, under stresses applied in
the form of torsion in a horizontal plane and/or forward pivoting,
for example, i.e., stresses such as may occur if the skier should
fall.
The binding according to the invention is characterized by at least
one flexible connection attached to the ski and the plate on their
opposing surfaces and cooperating with at least one resiliently
extensible and/or flexible element adapted to apply to the flexible
connection a restoring force tending to bring it back into the
plane of the ski, preferably in the perimeter of the area normally
occupied by the plate on the ski.
In one advantageous configuration, the restoring action of the
resiliently extensible and/or flexible element is made use of to
urge the ski to move back under the boot, to move the ends of the
ski away from the upper part of the skier's body.
Thus, by judicious selection, on the one hand, of anchorage
locations on the plate and the ski for one or more units comprising
a flexible connection and a resilient restoring element and, on the
other hand, of the degree of restoring reaction of this element,
possible in relation to others, the process of bringing the ski
back under the plate at the heel end of the boot is caused to
predominate, thus keeping the blades of the skis away from the
skier's head and keeping them pointing forwards.
Where a rigid binding having pivots is provided between the plate
and the ski, it is desirable to select anchorage locations on the
plate and the ski for the flexible connection or connections,
through which the resilient element or elements exert a restoring
force on the ski in order to bring it back under the plate, in a
manner such that they are as far as possible away from the
corresponding anchorage points for the rigid binding.
According to one advantageous embodiment of the invention, the
flexible connection (a textile cord or strip, preferably of
polyamide or polypropylene), anchored to substantially opposing
points, one near the front or rear end of the plate and the other
on the ski, passes through at least one annular slide connected, by
a resiliently extensible element (a cord or strip of rubber, a
tension spring, or the like), to the plate or ski sufficiently far
in front of or behind the anchorage point of the flexible
connection to cause it to stretch flat in the shape of a V between
the plate and the ski.
If two slides are used, they should be joined together by their
resiliently extensible elements on each side of the flexible
connection, one to the plate and the other to the ski, in order to
cause the connection to assume the shape of a Z between the plate
and the ski.
It would also be possible to use two resilient elements with a
single flexible connection, one connected to the ski and the other
to the plate, but on the same side in relation to the anchorage
points of the flexible connection. This arrangement has the
advantage of preventing the ski from turning in relation to the
skier after a safety release.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the flexible
connection and the resiliently extensible element are such that one
forms a tubular structure around the other and they are attached to
each other by their ends.
According to a first form of execution, the tubular structure may
be constituted by the flexible connection, by making it surround a
helicoidal spring, the turns of which are contiguous, or a meander,
a strip, or a rubber cord, the whole tending to shorten by pleating
the tubular structure around a straight centre line assumed as its
neutral position by the resiliently extensible element.
According to another form of execution, the tubular element may be
constituted by the resiliently extensible element, by using for the
purpose a rubber tube or a heliocoidal spring with contiguous
turns, containing one or more cords, the length of which is greater
than that of the said tubular structure in its neutral position,
but is at most equal to the length the said structure may attain
within the limits of its resiliency.
According to still another form of execution, the flexible
connection may be in the form of a tape made of a textile material
arranged in the form of accordeon pleating or meanders, traversed
in their median plane by one or more rubber cords.
As a result of this, and regardless of the arrangement used to
connect the flexible connection and the resiliently extensible or
flexible element, it is desirable to provide, in at least one of
the adjacent surfaces of the ski and/or the plate, a cavity which
may be used as a housing for the connection and resilient element
in the orderly position which the latter tends to impart to the
former.
The drawing attached hereto, and given by way of example, will make
it easier to understand the invention, the characteristics thereof,
and the advantages it is capable of providing. In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a ski safety binding
according to the invention, in the open position;
FIGS. 2 and 3 show, diagrammatically and in section, the main
elements of a binding according to a variant, in the closed and
open positions respectively;
FIGS. 4 and 5 show, in a manner resembling FIG. 3, two other
variants;
FIGS. 6 and 7 show, diagrammatically and in section, the essential
parts of a binding according to another variant, in the closed and
open positions respectively;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a binding element according to
still another variant;
FIG. 9 is a view, partly in elevation, partly in section of a ski
binding according to still another form of execution according to
the invention.
The invention relates to saftey bindings for skis comprising, in a
manner known per se, between the ski 1 and a boot 2 (FIG. 9), a
plate 3,3a attached to boot 2 immovably but positively and attached
to ski 1, so that it is at least partially detachable, by means of
securing elements adapted to yield, beyond a predetermined
threshold, to loads in the form of torsion in the plane of ski 1
and/or pivoting, such as may occur if the skier falls.
In the form of execution illustrated in FIG. 1, the rear of plate 3
has a profiled extension 4 arranged to engage under a clip 5, while
the front has an indentation 6 arranged to engage behind and under
a spring plunger 7 housed in front stop 8.
The front of plate 3 carries a jaw 9 to hold the boot, while the
rear is fitted with an over-dead-centre device 10, the jaw and
device being of any type known per se and suitable for the purpose.
The whole may be arranged to make it possible to fit the ski merely
by introducing the toe of the boot under jaw 9 and pressing the
heel on part 11 of the said device, and to remove the ski by
applying vertical pressure to the free end of a layer 12, for
example with the tip of a stick.
Starting with a safety binding comprising a plate 3 -- regardless
of the means known per se used to secure it detachably, on the one
hand to the ski by the actual safety-binding elements, i.e., by
elements adapted to release the plate before the torsion applied by
the ski to the skier's leg become dangerous and, on the other hand,
positively to the boot, i.e., so that it can only be removed
therefrom intentionally, by carrying out a specific operation --
the binding is complemented, according to the invention, by a
flexible connection 13, the ends of which are secured at 14 to ski
1 and at 15 to plate 3, on the opposing surfaces thereof, and
cooperating with a resiliently extensible element 16 adapted to
apply to flexible connection 13 a restoring force tending to return
it into perimeter 17 of the surface normally occupied by plate 3 on
ski 1.
In order that it may best perform its function of securing ski 1 to
plate 3, flexible connection 13 is made very strong and is
unstretchable, while element 16 is combined with said connection 13
to ensure tidy stowage of the connection in the space provided for
it between ski and plate 3, with no possibility of being stretched
beyond its limits of elasticity, any such stretch being voluntarily
limited by flexible connection 13.
There are many ways of combining a plurality of flexible
connections 13 with various extensible or flexible elements 16, in
order to achieve this result in accordance with the invention.
According to one form of execution, the flexible connection
consists of a cord or strap of high-strength, and preferably
rot-proof textile material, for example polyamide or polypropylene,
secured at 15 to plate 3, near one of the ends thereof, in this
case near its rear end, and at 14 to ski 1 at a point which, when
plate 3 is attached to ski, is substantially opposite point 15.
Flexible connection 13 carries a slide 18 which resiliently
extensible element 16, in the form of a rubber cord or tape, a
meander or a helical spring, connects to ski 1 at a point 19, and
which, when plate 3 is secured to ski 1, comes to rest under the
front end of this plate. It will be observed that, instead of being
secured of ski 1 at 19, element 16 could also be secured, according
to one variant, to the front portion of the bottom surface of plate
3.
It will be seen that the combination of the flexible connection and
resilient element 16, when arranged in this way, fulfills the
function of a safety strap and, more particularly, that when plate
3, on the occasion of a fall by the skier, becomes detached from
ski 1, and the skier puts it back in its place, the safety strap
13, 16 automatically retracts into the space assigned to it between
plate 3 and ski 1, element 16 acting upon flexible connection 13 to
stretch it into the form of a V enclosed between the ski and the
plate. It will also be seen that the attachment of the free end of
spring 16 to connection 13 by means of slide 18 makes it possible
to limit the maximal extension of element 16 to the distance
between points 19 and 14. Connection 13 may thus be distinctly
longer than the maximal resilient extension of element 16, without
inducing permanent elongation.
This advantage may be increased still further, as shown in FIGS. 2
and 3, by providing connection 13a with two slides 18a and 18b,
each connected by a resiliently extensible element 16a and 16b, on
each side of connection 13a, the one, at 19a, to ski 1 and the
other, at 19b, to plate 3. Thus when the plate returns to its
position on ski 1, resiliently extensible elements 16a, 16b cause
connection 13a to flatten in the form of a Z between plate 3 and
ski 1.
It will be observed that, in this form of execution, the maximal
extension of elements 16a, 16b occurs when plate 3 moves to the
left, in relation to ski 1, until connection 13a is extended into a
straight line, in which case slide 18a moves to 14a and slide 18b
to 15a; thus the extension of elements 16a, 16b is strictly limited
to an absolutely predetermined value.
In this form of execution, having two resiliently extensible
elements, anchor points 14a, 15a of connection 13a to ski 1 and
plate 3 do not come opposite each other when the plate is secured
to the ski; on the contrary, they are preferably located close to
the opposite ends of plate 3.
In one variant, points 18, 18a, 18b could be fixed to corresponding
flexible connections 13, 13a, in which case the maximal resilient
travel of element 16, 16a, 16b would be equal to the distance
between 19 and 14 increased by the distance between 14 and 18.
According to still another form of execution of the invention, as
shown in FIG. 4, provision is made for two flexible connections
13e, 13f, one end of each being connected on the one hand to the
ski and on the other hand to the plate, the connections being at a
certain distance from each other and preferably parallel. The
connections carry two slides 18d, 18c connected by a resiliently
extensible element 16f, the length of which is such that, when
plate 3 is replaced on ski 1, it tends to flatten connections 13e,
13f onto the ski like opposing pleats of an accordeon.
Thus slides 18d, 18e may be eliminated and resiliently extensible
element 16f may be secured directly to connections 13e, 13f.
It will be seen that an arrangement of this kind prevents the ski
from rotating in relation to plate 3 when the ski and plate are
separated, for instance if the skier falls.
According to still another form of execution of the invention,
resiliently extensible elements 16, 16a, 16b could be replaced by
elements which are not extensible but are merely resiliently
flexible, consisting, for example, of spring blades 16c, the free
of which is provided with an aperture 20 through which a tape 13b
is threaded, one end of the tape being secured at 14b, under blade
16, to ski 1, while the other end is secured at 15b to plate 3.
In certain cases, when resiliently extensible elements are used,
there is no need to provide, between the length of flexible
connection 13 and that of resiliently extensible element 16,
extended to the limit of its elasticity, a difference in length as
great as that in the cases shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. In this case they
may be secured to each other by their ends, connection 13 being
stretched and element 16 being elongated to slightly less than its
elastic limit, in order to make both of them work in the same
direction.
According to another variant of the invention, it is desirable,
under these circumstances, to arrange the flexible connection or
the resiliently extensible element so that one forms a tubular
structure enclosing the other, as illustrated diagrammatically in
FIGS. 6 and 7.
According to a first form of execution, the tubular sheath may be
the resiliently extensible element. This element may consist of a
helicoidal spring 16d with contiguous turns surrounding a cord 13c
made of polyamide or polypropylene which, when spring 16 is in its
neutral, shortened position (FIG. 6), forms, within the spring,
folds as shown in FIG. 7 which allow it to be elongated again.
According to one variant, not shown, spring 16 may be replaced by a
rubber tube.
According to another form of execution, not shown, the tubular
structure may be in the form of an inextensible connection
surrounded by a resilient element such as a heliconidal spring, a
meander spring, or a cord or strip made of rubber. In this case,
the tubular sheath forms accordeon pleats around the resilient
element which, in its neutral position, remains substantially
linear.
According to still another form of execution of the invention, as
shown in FIG. 8, the flexible connection is in the form of a
inextensible strip 13d made of textile fibres and arranged in
accordeon pleats, through the median plane of which run stretched
rubber threads 16e.
The flexible connection and its resiliently extensible element are
accommodated between ski 1 and plate 3 in a cavity 21 in the bottom
face of the plate, the cavity covering the ski beyond securing
points 14 and 19 when the plate is secured to ski 1 between
elements 5 and 8.
The binding may comprise a plate 3a (FIG. 9) which remains
permanently attached to ski 1 by means of a pivot 24 and a link 22.
As may be seen in FIG. 9, when boot 2 is pressed down onto the ski,
the end of link 22 projecting beyond pivot 24 engages under a sort
of duck-bill 25 which emerges from a guide block 26 under the
action of a spring, not shown.
Plate 3a, the front end of which rests freely on a bracket 27
integral with the forward part of link 22, while the rear end rests
on a ball 28 adapted to retract resiliently against the action of a
spring in block 26, is retained by a finger 29 which projects
resiliently from back to front out of guide block 26 in the same
direction as duck-bill 25, and enters a vertical groove 30 arranged
on the rear face of plate 3. As long as finger 29 remains in
engagement with groove 30, boot 2 cannot rotate on pivot 24.
Located on each side of link 22, and attached by one end, at 15b,
to plate 3 and, by the other end, at 14b, to ski 1, is a textile
fibre cord 13d on which there slides a ring 18c connected by a
spring 16e to a point 19c on ski 1.
If, during a fall, the binding opens, ski 1 may move away from
plate 3a to the extent to which it is allowed to do so by link 22,
pivot 23, hinge 23a, and pivot 24. In order to prevent the skier
from being struck in the face by the blade of the ski, and to make
it easier for him to put the ski on again, provision is made, on
the one hand, for anchor points 15b for connection 13d on plate 3a
and 14b on ski 1, towards the rear in relation to pivot 24 and, on
the other hand, for anchor points 19c for springs 16c to the rear
of pivot 23, the predominant effect being to restore ski 1 to plate
32 at the heel end of boot 2, thus moving the blades of the skis
away from the skier's head and pointing them forwards.
It will be realized that it is always possible, even in the absence
of a permanent rigid connection between plate 3a and ski 1
(consisting, in the case illustrated in FIG. 9, of a link 22,
pivots 23 and 23a, and pivot 24) by making a wise choice, on the
one hand, of the anchor points on the plate and the ski for one or
more assemblies of flexible connections and resiliently extensible
elements and, on the other hand, of the degree of the restoring
action of the element or elements, possibly in relation to others,
the ensure that the force bringing the ski back under the plate
predominates at the heel end of the skier's boot.
As a result of this, and regardless of the form of execution used,
the safety binding for skis thus obtained comprises an arrangement
serving as a safety strap which retracts completely between the ski
and an at least partly detachable plate forming a part of the
binding, and relieving the skier of the need to bend down in order
to operate it.
It is also to be understood that the foregoing description should
not be limited in interpretation except by the terms of the
following claims.
* * * * *