U.S. patent number 3,865,141 [Application Number 05/374,859] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-11 for subsurface safety valve apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Schlumberger Technology Corporation. Invention is credited to David E. Young.
United States Patent |
3,865,141 |
Young |
February 11, 1975 |
SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE APPARATUS
Abstract
A surface controlled, subsurface safety valve includes a tubular
housing carrying a hinged flapper valve element that is moved to
open position by a valve actuator sleeve. The sleeve is moved under
the thrust of a coil spring that is compressed in response to
downward movement of a hydraulically operated piston assembly, with
hydraulic pressure being applied from the surface via a control
line. The relative movement between the piston assembly and the
actuator sleeve during compression of the spring is utilized to
open a fluid bypass across the valve element so that the valve is
opened under conditions of substantially equalized pressures.
Inventors: |
Young; David E. (Friendswood,
TX) |
Assignee: |
Schlumberger Technology
Corporation (New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23478481 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/374,859 |
Filed: |
June 29, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
137/629; 166/322;
166/324; 251/75; 251/80 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
34/101 (20130101); E21B 34/105 (20130101); Y10T
137/86936 (20150401); E21B 2200/05 (20200501) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
34/00 (20060101); E21B 34/10 (20060101); F16k
031/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;137/629,630.14,630.15
;166/224R,226 ;251/75,77,80 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Nilson; Robert G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Moseley; David L. Sherman; William
R. Moore; Stewart F.
Claims
I claim:
1. A safety valve apparatus comprising: a housing having a flow
passage therethrough and valve means for opening and closing said
flow passage; actuator means for moving said valve means from
closed to open position; hydraulically operable means within said
housing and movable relative to said actuator means and toward said
valve means in response to fluid pressure; fluid bypass passage
means extending past said valve means and arranged when open to
equalize pressures upstream and downstream of said valve means;
equalizing valve means including coengageable means on said
actuator means and said hydraulically operable means for opening
said bypass passage in response to movement of said hydraulically
operable means relative to said actuator means; and spring means
reacting between said hydraulically operable means and actuator
means and being energized by said relative movement to cause said
actuator means to move said valve means from closed to open
position under conditions of substantially equalized pressures.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said hydraulically operable
means and said actuator means are tubular members having
telescopically interfitted end portions, said coengageable means
being arranged on said portions.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said coengageable means
comprises a valve head on one of said portions carrying a seal
element that is engageable with a seal surface on the other of said
portions, said seal element and surface when engaged closing off
said bypass passage, a part of which extends between said end
portions.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said end portions have opposed
shoulder surfaces that are engageable to limit relative movement in
one direction and to provide additional means for closing off said
bypass passage.
5. A subsurface safety valve apparatus comprising: a housing
defining a flow passage and carrying valve means for opening and
closing said flow passage, said housing having a cylinder section;
hydraulic means movable longitudinally within said housing in
response to the application of fluid pressures within said cylinder
section; valve actuator means arranged to move longitudinally
within said housing to effect opening of said valve means; spring
means reacting between said hydraulic means and said actuator means
and adapted when compressed to cause movement of said actuator
means; a fluid bypass passage extending from upstream of said valve
means to downstream thereof; equalizing valve means for opening and
closing said bypass passage; and a lost-motion connection between
said hydraulic means and said actuator means, the relative movement
afforded by said connection enabling opening of said equalizing
valve means and compression of said spring means so that said
spring means can force said valve means open under conditions of
substantially equalized pressures.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said hydraulic means and said
actuator means comprise tubular members having telescopically
interfitted end portions, said bypass passage extending in part
between said end portions, said equalizing valve means including a
valve head on one of said portions carrying a seal element adapted
to engage a seal surface on the other of said portions to close
said bypass passage.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said valve means comprises a
valve seat surrounding said flow passage and a valve element hinged
to the side thereof and arranged for pivotal movement between an
open and a closed position with respect to said valve seat.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said valve actuator means
additionally has an end portion opposite said interfitted end
portion sized and arranged to be protruded through said valve seat
to cause pivotal movement of said valve element to open position,
said valve means including means to automatically cause pivotal
movement of said element to closed position upon withdrawal of said
opposite end portion from within said valve seat.
9. A subsurface safety valve apparatus, comprising: a housing
adapted to be fixed in the production pipe of a well; valve means
within said housing for opening and closing a flow passage
therethrough, including a valve seat and a hinged valve element
that is pivotally movable with respect to said seat between open
and closed positions; an actuator movable within said housing
between a first position enabling closure of said valve element and
a second position forcing said valve element open; spring means
arranged to push said actuator toward said second position;
normally closed equalizing valve and passage means arranged when
open to communicate fluid pressures upstream and downstream of said
valve element; and hydraulically operable means for opening said
equalizing means and energizing said spring means to cause opening
of said valve element by said actuator under conditions of
substantially equalized pressures.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said valve seat is provided by
an annular, inwardly directed shoulder on said housing, said valve
element being a disc that is pivoted to one side of said shoulder,
and further including biasing means for pivoting said disc against
said valve seat.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said actuator comprises a
tubular element having an end portion that is extendible past said
shoulder and through said valve seat, said end portion when thus
extended engaging said disc and forcing it to pivot away from said
valve seat to open position.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said hydraulically operable
means comprises a sleeve piston within said housing that is movable
longitudinally relative to said actuator, said equalizing valve
means being coengageable means on said sleeve piston and said
actuator.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said coengageable means
comprises opposed shoulder surfaces on said sleeve piston and said
actuator for limiting relative movement in one longitudinal
direction.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 further including second spring means
reacting between said housing and said sleeve piston for
continuously urging said sleeve piston in said one direction.
15. A subsurface safety valve apparatus comprising: a tubular
housing adapted to be fixed in the production string of a well,
said housing having a valve seat surrounding a flow passage
therethrough; a valve element pivoted to said housing and movable
between an open position to the side of said passage and a closed
position against said seat; said housing having a cylinder section;
valve actuator means within said housing and having an end portion
movable through said seat and into engagement with said valve
element to apply opening force thereto; hydraulically operable
means having a piston section that is sealingly slidable within
said cylinder section and arranged to move toward said valve seat
in response to fluid pressure; equalizing valve means for
communicating the pressures of fluids upstream of said valve
element with the pressure of fluids downstream of said valve
element, said equalizing valve means being opened in response to
movement of said hydraulically operable means toward said valve
seat; spring means reacting between said hydraulically operable
means and said actuator means, said spring means being compressed
by said movement and when compressed urging said actuator means
through said valve seat to apply opening force to said valve
element, said opening force causing said valve element to move away
from said valve seat under conditions of substantially equalized
pressures.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said hydraulically operable
means and said actuator means have overlapping end portions
interfitted one within the other and arranged for relative
longitudinal movement between mutually extended and contracted
positions, said equalizing valve means including a seal element on
one portion engageable with a seal surface on the other portion in
said extended position to prevent fluid leakage, said seal element
being disengaged from said seal surface in said contracted position
to enable said pressures to equalize.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 further including opposed shoulder
surfaces on said portions that are engaged in said extended
position to provide a limit to extensive movement and to provide
additional means for preventing fluid leakage.
18. The apparatus of claim 15 further including additional spring
means reacting between said housing and said hydraulically operable
means for shifting said hydraulically operable means away from said
valve seat upon a reduction of fluid pressure within said cylinder
section; and means for withdrawing said end portion of said valve
actuator through said valve seat upon movement of said
hydraulically operable means away from said valve seat to enable
closing movement of said valve element.
19. Valve apparatus comprising: valve body means defining a flow
passage and a valve seat surrounding said flow passage, a normally
closed valve element hinged to said body means and pivotally
movable between a closed position against said valve seat and an
open position to the side of said flow passage, a valve actuator
engageable with said valve element and movable through said valve
seat for causing pivoting movement of said valve element from
closed to open position, compressible spring means operable when
compressed to apply longitudinal force to said actuator, and
selectively operable hydraulic means for compressing said spring
means to cause said actuator to engage said valve element with a
predetermined maximum opening force.
Description
This invention relates generally to subsurface safety valves, and
particularly to a new and improved remote controlled safety valve
having a uniquely arranged pressure equalizing system that enables
reopening the valve after closure without substantial risk of
damage to the valve element and associated parts.
Remote controlled safety valves are commonly employed in producing
wells as a means of providing downhole protection against
disastrous surface fires and blowouts due to failure, leakage or
loss of surface equipment such as valves and flow lines. A remote
controlled valve of typical construction includes a valve actuator
and closure element that are biased toward closed position by a
coil spring, however the closure element is held open during normal
production operation in response to the pressure of fluids in a
control line that extends externally of the tubing to a source of
pressure at the surface. The pressure acts upon a piston assembly
that is mechanically coupled to the valve element in a manner to
actuate it to the open position. So long as the control line
remains pressurized, the valve is open to the flow of production
fluids; a loss of control line pressure due to the sensing of heat,
collision or the like at the surface enables the coil spring to
force the actuator in a direction to cause automatic closure of the
valve element to shut off the production fluid flow.
In order to reopen the safety valve so that the well can be put
back into production subsequent to performing the necessary repair
of surface damage, or where the valve is purposely closed in order
to test the operability of the system, it is generally necessary to
pressurize the control line to force the actuator and valve element
against the bias of the spring to the open position. However it is
quite likely that valve element will be rather forcefully held in
the closed position because it is being subjected to the difference
in pressures between production pressure and hydrostatic head in
the tubing. In fact, it may not be possible to apply enough
pressure to the control line to overcome the closing force without
endangering the integrity of the control line itself. Moreover,
where the closure element is a hinged disc mounted on a pivot pin,
there is a substantial risk of shearing off the pivot pin or
otherwise damaging the valve element to the extent that the safety
valve becomes inoperable.
Accordingly, some prior art safety valve have included means to
equalize pressures across the valve element in order to aid the
re-opening process. However, such devices are either extremely
complicated, or have been constructed in such a manner as to
necessitate pressurizing the production string, or both, and
therefore are unsatisfactory, since pressurization of the tubing
requires pumps and auxiliary pressure equipment and services which
are costly and inconvenient. Yet other equalizing arrangements are
operated by wireline techniques which also can be cumbersome and
time consuming. In sum, all such systems are not considered to have
the reliability that is necessary to insure against damage during
reopening, or to enable reopening with a minimum of inconvenience
to the well operator.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
new and improved surface controlled, subsurface safety valve that
can be readily reopened with minimal risk of damage to the valve
element and associated parts.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a surface
controlled, subsurface safety valve having a new and improved
pressure equalizing arrangement that enables the valve to be safely
and reliably reopened subsequent to closure without the necessity
for pressurizing the production tubing.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved surface controlled, subsurface safety valve having a means
to equalize pressures across the closure element in response to
pressurization of the control line leading to the valve so that the
closure can be moved to open position under low opening force to
prevent damage.
These and other objects are attained in accordance with the
concepts of the present invention through the provision of a safety
valve apparatus including a housing adapted for positioning
downhole in the production tubing of an oil well. The housing
provides a valve seat that surrounds the flow passage for the
production fluids, and carries a valve element, preferably of the
pivoted or hinged disc type, that is movable between open and
closed positions with respect to the valve seat. A tubular valve
actuator is mounted for linear movement within the housing and has
an end portion that can be protruded through the seat to open the
valve element and then hold it in the open position, and which is
withdrawn from the valve seat in order to enable the valve element
to close against the seat. The housing further contains an operator
piston assembly that is responsive to the pressure of fluids in a
control line extending externally of the tubing to the surface and
is movable longitudinally relative to the valve actuator. A
yieldable means such as a coil spring is interposed to react
between the piston assembly and the valve actuator and is energized
by movement of the piston assembly in such a manner as to cause the
actuator to force the valve element open. The relative movement
that causes the coil spring to be energized also opens a normally
closed pressure equalizing passage extending between locations in
communication with upstream and downstream pressures. Thus when the
control line is repressured after the valve has closed, the coil
spring will apply a selected opening force to the valve actuator
that is well within the strength limitations of the valve element
and associated parts, however the valve will not be forced open
until the pressures have equalized sufficiently to enable this
force to cause the valve to open. In this manner the valve element
is always opened under conditions of substantially equal pressures
and a pre-selected opening force to prohibit damage thereto during
such opening movement. Moreover, there is no need to pressurize the
tubing to accomplish opening or reopening.
The present invention has other objects and advantages which will
become more fully apparent in connection with the following
detailed description of a preferred embodiment, taken in
conjunction with the appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an overall view of a subsurface safety valve installation
in an oil well;
FIGS. 2A and 2B are longitudinal sectional views, with portions in
side elevation, of a safety valve apparatus in accordance with the
present invention; FIG. 2B forming a lower continuation of FIG.
2A;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view the parts showing the equalizing valve
in the open position;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the lower end portion of the safety
valve with the closure element in the open condition; and
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the pressure equalizing
feature of the safety valve.
Referring initially to FIG. 1, the subsurface safety valve
indicated generally at 10 may be fixed to a landing nipple 11 that
is connected in the production string 12 of tubing or the like. The
landing nipple 11 has spaced-apart internal seal surfaces and a
fluid communication port 13 leading to the outside. A control line
14 is arranged to extend to the surface externally of the tubing 12
and is suitably attached to a port block 15 so that fluid pressure
from the surface or other remote location can be utilized to
control the operating position of the valve 10, as will be
described in greater detail below. The tubing 12 will normally be
concentrically disposed within the well casing 16, with the lower
end of tubing attached to a packer 17 that seals off the upper end
of the producing zone. Production fluids enter the casing 16
through perforations below the packer 17 and pass upwardly through
the tubing 12 until the fluids reach the safety valve 10, where the
total of the flow is constrained to pass therethrough. The safety
valve 10 is located and locked with respect to landing nipple 11 by
a locking assembly 18 of typical and well known construction, which
enables the valve to be positioned and removed by wireline
techniques as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
As shown in greater detail in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the valve 10
includes a tubular outer housing 22 having threaded upper sections
23 and 24, each of which carries a seal packing unit 25, 26
suitably arranged to engage seal surfaces 27 and 28 within the
landing nipple 11. Each packing unit can comprise a plurality of
chevron elements 29 located between back-up rings 30 and 31. The
lower end of the housing 22 is open to the flow of production
fluids, and a side window 32 is provided for receiving a valve
element that preferably is constituted by a hinged disc or
"flapper" element 33. The disc 33 has an ear 34 to one side with an
opening that receives a hinge or pivot pin 35 with its opposite
ends received in aligned apertures (not shown) in the wall of the
housing 22. A hinge spring 36 is shaped to coil around the pin 35
and has a tang 37 that engages within a notch 38 in the housing 22,
and a finger 39 that lays within a groove 40 on the lower face of
the disc 33. The spring 36 continuously urges the disc 33 to pivot
inwardly and upwardly from an open position, where it extends
downwardly within the window 32, to a transverse or closed position
where the upper outer surface thereof engages a face seal 41 bonded
within a groove on an annular valve seat 42 provided by an inwardly
directed shoulder 43 on the housing 22.
The disc 33 is moved from closed to open position by a valve
actuator sleeve 48 that is movable longitudinally in both
directions within the housing 22. The sleeve 48 has an open bore 49
and may be comprised of threadedly attached upper and lower
sections 50 and 51 with the lower section of a diameter sized to
pass through the opening of the valve seat shoulder 43. As the
actuator sleeve 48 is advanced downwardly from the position shown
in FIG. 2B, it engages and pushes the disc 33 to the open position
and then extends therepast to retain it in such position as shown
in FIG. 4. When the actuator sleeve 48 shifts upwardly to a
position where its lower end surface 52 is above the lower face 42
of the seat shoulder 43, of course the spring 36 will apply closing
torque to cause the disc 33 to pivot to the closed position.
A pressure responsive operator assembly 60 is constructed in the
form of an elongated sleeve piston and may include, for convenience
of manufacture, several separate sections that are threaded
together. The upper section 61 is provided with a stepped outer
diameter, and the adjacent portion 62 of the housing 22 is
complementarily shaped and arranged to carry seal rings 63 and 64
that slidably engage the outer wall surfaces 65 and 66 of the
section 61. The pressure port 13' is located between the seal rings
63 and 64, so that fluid pressure applied to the space 67 will
develop a magnitude of downward force on the operator piston 60
that is a function of the applied pressure and the transverse
cross-sectional area bounded by the seal rings. Such force will
tend to move the operator assembly 60 downwardly or toward the
valve seat 42.
An intermediate section 70 of the operator piston 60 is constituted
by a sleeve 71 that is surrounded by a helical coil spring 72. The
upper end of the spring 72 presses upwardly against a ring 73 that
engages below an outwardly directed shoulder 74, and the lower end
of the spring presses against a retainer 75 which is itself seated
against an oppositely facing shoulder 76 on the housing 22. Thus
the coil spring 72 is disposed between the operator assembly 60 and
the housing 22 and arranged to react, when compressed, to urge the
operator assembly upwardly or away from the valve seat 42. The
lower section 80 of the operator piston 60 is sized and arranged to
extend into the bore 49 of the upper section 50 of the actuator
sleeve 48, is also surrounded by a coil spring 81 whose upper end
pushes against a shoulder 82 formed at the threaded interconnection
of the sections 70 and 80, and whose lower end pushes downwardly on
the upper end face 83 of the actuator sleeve 48. The spring 81
reacts to urge the operator assembly 60 and the actuator sleeve 48
in opposite longitudinal directions, and when compressed will urge
the actuator sleeve 48 in a downward direction to tend to cause it
to open the valve element 33.
It will be recognized that the operator assembly 60 and the
actuator sleeve 48 have the capability for limited longitudinal
movement relative to one another, and such relative movement is
utilized to open and close an equalizing passage extending between
points up-and-downstream of the valve element 33. In the mutually
extended position of these members shown in FIG. 5, an enlarged,
annular valve head 86 with a longitudinally grooved exterior is
formed at the upper end portion of the actuator sleeve 48 and
normally engages a stop shoulder 87 on the piston section 80. A
seal ring 88 carried by the head engages an external annular seal
surface 89 to prevent fluid leakage. Of course it will be
recognized that the actuator sleeve 48 can move relatively upwardly
along the lower section 80 to a position where the seal 88 and the
surface 89 are disengaged. When this occurs a flow passage from the
respective bores 49 and 49' of the operator assembly 60 and the
actuator sleeve 48 to the annular space 90 between these members
and the inner wall surface of the housing 22 is provided. This
space is communicated to the exterior of the housing 22 by a
plurality of ports 91 (FIG. 2B) through the wall thereof located
preferably just above a seal 92 that prevents leakage between the
housing and the valve actuator sleeve 48. The uppermost portion 93
of the actuator sleeve 48 is provided with flow openings 94, and
the lowermost portion of the section 51 is grooved at 95, to
provide ample fluid flow space. When the valve head 86 is off of
the seal surface 89, the passages and openings provide fluid
communications between locations upstream and downstream of the
valve element 33 in order to equalize pressures and thus relieve
the element of upward closing force due to a greater pressure
therebelow. Normally however, the valve head 86 is in the closed
position shown in FIGS. 2B, 4 and 5, where the seal 88 together
with metal-to-metal contact between the head 80 and the stop
shoulder 87 provide a dual valve construction.
In operation, the safety valve 10 is positioned within the
production pipe 12 and locked by the assembly 18 with respect to
the landing nipple 11 using typical wireline setting procedures.
When in position, the packing elements 25 and 26 prevent fluid
leakage past the housing 22 so that the total flow well fluids must
pass through the safety valve. Fluid pressure applied to the
control line 14 from a source of pressure at the surface will enter
the space 67 and force the operator piston 60 downwardly so that
normally the valve parts occupy the position shown in FIG. 4 where
the valve disc 33 is open to enable production fluids to flow
upward to the surface. In the event of a loss of applied control
line pressure due, for example, to the action of various known
surface sensors which cause the pressure to be vented, the main
spring 72 forces the operator piston assembly 60 upwardly. The
actuator sleeve 48 also moves upwardly also due to engagement of
the valve head 86 by the stop shoulder 87. The lower portion 51 of
the actuator sleeve 48 retreats from its position through the valve
seat 43, enabling the hinge spring 36 to pivot the disc 33 to
closed position. Any excess of production pressure over hydrostatic
head within the tubing string 12 at the level of the valve 10 will
apply upward force to the disc 33 in the closed position. Thus the
valve 10 shuts-in the well to prevent any further flow of
production fluids. It should be noted at this point that the
configuration of the lower surface of the shoulder 43 as a flat
surface enables the disc 33 to seat against the seal ring 41 even
though there may be some slight misalignment.
To reopen the valve 10, pressure is applied to the control line 14
at the surface. Downward force on the operator assembly 60 due to
such pressure will overcome the opposing influence of the main
spring 72 and cause the spring to compress and allow downward
movement of the operator assembly. Since the disc 33 will normally
be held closed by production pressure as described above, there is
a need to equalize the pressures so that the disc and the pivot pin
35 will not be damaged during opening movement. Equalization is
accomplished by virtue of the fact that the operator assembly 60
can shift downwardly relative to the actuator sleeve 48 to some
extent as the lower spring 81 yields and compresses as shown in
FIG. 3. Such relative movement disengages the seal surface 89 from
the equalizing valve seal 88 so that, as required, formation fluid
can flow via the ports 91, the annular space 90 and the passages 94
past the valve head and into the interior of the operator assembly
60. This enables a pressure differential across the disc 33 to be
equalized to a point where the lower spring 81, having been
compressed or energized by such relative movement, will force the
actuator sleeve 48 downwardly to cause the disc 33 to swing open,
thus opening the valve to the flow of production fluids. Continued
downward relative movement of the actuator sleeve 48 under the
thrust of the spring 81 will cause the equalizing valve head 86 to
engage the surface 89 to close the equalizing passages. Hereagain
the valve 10 will remain open as long as sufficient pressure is
applied to the control line 14 to compress the main spring 72.
It will now be recognized that a new and improved subsurface safety
valve has been provided that is surface controlled by hydraulic
pressure in a control line. Due to the new and improved equalizing
arrangement provided therein, there is practically no chance of
damage to the disc valve element or its pivot pin during opening
procedures since the valve is opened under essentially no pressure
differential across the disc. In addition, the disc valve is pushed
open only under the thrust of the spring 81 which is energized by
downward movement the operator assembly 60. Thus the rate of the
spring 81 can be carefully selected to provide a maximum opening
force that is well within design limitations that ensure against
any structural damage to the disc 33 or the pivot pin 35. It will
be recognized that there is no need to pressurize the tubing as a
prerequisite to opening the valve, nor is there any need to
pressurize the control line to a value in excess of that normally
required to compress the springs and overcome seal friction and the
like.
Since certain changes or modifications may be made by those skilled
in the art without departing from the inventive concepts involved
herein, it is the aim of the appended claims to cover all such
changes or modifications falling within the true spirit and scope
of the present invention.
* * * * *