U.S. patent number 3,864,921 [Application Number 05/338,256] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-11 for method and apparatus for lining the walls of excavations.
Invention is credited to Karl Marx, Zacharias Sandbrand-Nisipeanu.
United States Patent |
3,864,921 |
Marx , et al. |
February 11, 1975 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LINING THE WALLS OF EXCAVATIONS
Abstract
A method and apparatus for lining excavations such as pipe
trenches including supporting the trench wall faces by means of
rigid supporting walls and lining the space between the outer faces
of the supporting walls and the associated wall faces of the
excavation with a resilient gas envelope.
Inventors: |
Marx; Karl (8000 Munich 23,
DT), Sandbrand-Nisipeanu; Zacharias (8000 Munich 50,
DT) |
Family
ID: |
5838200 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/338,256 |
Filed: |
March 5, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/265; 405/266;
405/282 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D
17/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02D
17/06 (20060101); E02D 17/08 (20060101); E21b
005/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/41,41A,45R,63,35
;105/369BA |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,547,996 |
|
Oct 1968 |
|
FR |
|
1,216,198 |
|
May 1966 |
|
DT |
|
Primary Examiner: Taylor; Dennis L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Burns, Doane, Swecker &
Mathis
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A method for lining generally planar side walls of an open
trench excavated within a ground surface for supporting the side
walls of the trench comprising the steps of:
spraying the open trench side walls with a stabilizing means;
inserting generally planar supporting walls carrying inflatable
envelopes, upon outside surfaces thereof, within the open trench in
contiguous but spaced relation to the generally planar side walls
of the open trench;
fixing the supporting walls in a stationary spaced posture within
the open trench by adjustment of struts extending between inside
surfaces of the supporting walls; and
inflating the inflatable envelopes carried upon the outside
surfaces of the supporting walls to mutually cross-react through
the supporting walls and the struts against opposing side walls of
the open trench to firmly stabilize the side walls of the open
trench.
2. The method for lining and supporting side walls of an open
trench as defined in claim 1 and further, subsequent to said step
of spraying the side walls of the open trench, the step of:
applying a foil to each of the side walls of the open trench by
pressing a foil against each of the side walls with a waffle-like
profile to adhere the foil to the open trench side walls.
Description
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for lining the
walls of excavations.
The invention relates to a method for the lining of excavations in
particular pipe trenches dug out of the ground by supporting their
wall faces by means of rigid supporting walls and lining of the
space between the outer face of the supporting walls and the
associated wall face of the excavation with a resilient material
and an apparatus for the carrying out of this method with two
supporting walls placed by means of supporting devices against
opposite wall faces.
Such excavations have been secured by lining up to a predetermined
depth. This lining has been effected up till now by means of
cladding-line supporting walls applied by hand, these cladding
walls being placed against the supporting wall faces and the space
between the supporting wall and the wall face of the excavation are
stopped up at the same time with a resilient material, for example,
wood-wool, or filled in also with gravel or sand in order to exert
a pressure on the whole supporting wall face. This kind of lining
takes up a considerable amount of time so that with mechanical
digging out of excavations with modern soil digging apparatus, in
particular in the digging out of pipe trenches, the working
capacity of the machine cannot be completely utilized as the lining
takes up a substantially longer time than the digging out
itself.
Devices for the supporting of the walls of trenches or the like are
indeed known for accelerating this lining work. Thus, an apparatus
for the supporting of the walls of trenches during the laying of
sewage pipes or the like is known (German Application No.
1634251-1-25) which two sides have supporting walls which together
with the necessary reinforcements are connected via adjustable
cross struts arranged in their lower and upper part to form a unit
inset insertable as a while unit from above into the dug out trench
whereby the lower and upper cross struts are associated with
adjusting devices operable from above and at the top on the two
supporting walls, leads with cross guides for cross guide rods
being arranged whereby at least one of the supporting walls is
pivotably linked to its upper cross guiding lead and the adjusting
device of the lower cross struts are operable separately from those
of the upper cross struts. In another known lining apparatus for
trenches, excavations or the like each of the two lining plates
lying opposite are fixed by means of cross struts is provided with
a pressure transmitting foot on which an adjustable cross strut is
movable guided.
By means of these known arrangements the placing of the supporting
walls is mechanized and thus accelerated; but should thereby a
stopping up of the space between the supporting wall and wall face
of the excavation be effected subsequently which is not
practicable, that is, is not to be carried out at reasonable
expence the insertion of these lining devices on excavations in
soils in which the walls after the digging out are substantially
level (flush soils without course deposits) remains limited.
The invention is based on the problem of providing a method and an
apparatus whereby rapidly an absolutely secure support of the wall
faces of the excavation even with soils in which the use of the
known lining devices is eliminated (now binding soils with course
deposits) is possible. According to the invention this is achieved
by a method of the above-mentioned type in that the space between
the supporting wall and the wall face is filled by means of
pressure gas compressed in a resilient envelope.
By means of this method according to the invention it is possible
to insert together with the rigid supporting walls or subsequently
the resilient envelope in the space between the supporting wall and
excavation wall surface and to inflate by means of a suitable
source of gas to the required supporting pressure. The resilient
envelope is placed against the wall face of the excavation and
exerts on the whole face independently of the surface shape a
uniform predetermined pressure.
In order to prevent, before the application of the pressure gas,
loose soil from crumbling in large quantities, the excavation wall
face before the application of the pressure gas can be sprayed with
means stabilizing the end face. In order to prevent this crumbling
and in order to form at the same time an additional protection for
the resilient envelope against damage, for example, due to
sharp-edged stones the excavation wall face may also before the
introduction of the lining device be covered with a foil and in
fact according to the quality of the soil and work conditions
additionally for the spraying on of stabilizing means or without
this.
An apparatus for the carrying out of this method with supporting
walls fixed by means of supporting devices against the wall faces
of the excavation is characterised in that on the outer faces of
the supporting walls are inflatable resilient envelope is
arranged.
Thus the walls may for example, in known manner (German
Specification laid open to inspection No. 1123988) consist of
frames which however in contradiction to this are filled not with
mesh wire but with statically carrying grating grill whereby the
size of the squares due to the overbridging effect of the
inflatable envelope can be determined not according to the size of
the grain of the soil but according to the load capacity of the
envelope. Thus a weight and cost saving construction is
possible.
In order to render possible a rapid lining and a displacement of
the supporting walls corresponding to the lining of a pipe trench
the lining devices can be placed next to one another or on one
another in a building box manner.
The inflatable resilient envelope is preferably an air
mattress-like inflatable cushion so that this cushion may consist
of a plurality of chambers connected to one another and separated
by cross pieces in order with inflatability to great thickness to
achieve a sufficient stability.
In order to cover mechanically the excavation with foil web and
also to accelerate this method step or apparatus may be used with
two rollers lying opposite which at the free ends of links linked
to a guide rod are rotatably mounted which by means of a spring are
spread apart against the walls of the trench.
The invention will be described in more detail in the following
embodiment with reference to the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a trench with an apparatus
according to the invention for the supporting of the walls;
FIG. 2 shows a view of a supporting wall according to the
invention; and
FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically an apparatus for the covering of the
walls of the trench which foil.
The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 consists of two opposite supporting
walls 1 which consist of a frame filled in with a grating 2. The
supporting walls 1 are fixed by telescopic struts 3 against the
wall faces of the trench whereby the telescopic struts 3 are fixed
in the desired relative position to one another by means of a
locking device, for example, pins 4 inserted in the corresponding
cross bores.
On the corners of the supporting wall 1, supports 1a are provided
in which supporting walls placed thereover and adjacent are
inserted in order to give coherence. Thus the supporting walls can
be connected to one another by means, for example, clamping
closures, not shown.
On the outside of the supporting walls 1 air mattress-like
envelopes 5 are mounted, for example, by means of belts, not shown,
which upon insertion of the supporting walls 1 are not inflated.
After the insertion of the supporting walls 1 the envelopes 5 are
inflated, for example by means of pressure air to press their
outerside against the wall faces of the trench independently of its
shape. Due to the mutual supporting by the struts 3 in addition a
pressing pressure independent of the inflation pressure is
exercised against the two opposite trench walls. The air mattress 5
consists of individual chambers 5a which are separated from one
another by cross pieces 5b but are connected pneumatically to one
another. It is of advantage to make the air mattress 5 of
transparent material for observation of the behavior of the earth
walls. Instead of the inflatable envelope there may also be used
envelopes which are provided with a permanent resilient filling
(for example, foamed rubber). In this case, however, the cross
struts are made capable of being spaced apart is the excavation
according to the known method.
FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a trench on the side walls of which
foil 6 is placed. For the pressing on of the foils against the
trench walls an apparatus illustrated is shown which has rollers 7
the surface of which is provided with a waffle-like or indented
profile. The rollers 7 may also consist of resilient material and
be inflatable like pneumatic tyres. The rollers 7 are rotatably
mounted on the face ends of links 10 which are linked at their
other ends on a guide rod 9 on a common pivot point 11. The links
10 are tensioned by means of a spring arrangement, for example, a
compression spring 8 apart from one another, that is, against the
wall faces. The foil 6 is rolled along the walls of the trench and
by pressure through the apparatus according to FIG. 3 is fixed on
the wall such that it adheres until insertion of the lining
apparatus according to FIG. 1.
With very loose soil the wall faces of the trench before the
application of the foil may be sprayed with a stabilizing means,
for example, cement, bitumen emulsion or the like. This support may
under certain circumstances suffice so that the covering with foil
is not necessary. By this prehandling of the walls of the trench
with spray means and/or foil the danger of the subsidence of trench
walls after removal of the lining is reduced as a bonding of the
soil grains with the spray means and as the case may be the foil by
the foil.
* * * * *