U.S. patent number 3,864,049 [Application Number 05/368,537] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-04 for construction elements of underwater trusses.
Invention is credited to Taisaburo Ono.
United States Patent |
3,864,049 |
Ono |
February 4, 1975 |
CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS OF UNDERWATER TRUSSES
Abstract
Hollow web members having a tension member extending
therethrough are engaged at the ends thereof with joint members.
The joint members are provided with holes for holding the end of
said web members. The specific gravity of the web members and the
joint members are substantially equal to that of sea water so that
they may be easily assembled in sea water. The truss structure
constructed by use of the elements serves as a fishing ground, an
auxiliary construction for protecting an underwater construction
from impact of waves and so forth.
Inventors: |
Ono; Taisaburo (Zushi,
JA) |
Family
ID: |
11613565 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/368,537 |
Filed: |
June 11, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
|
|
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Jan 11, 1973 [JA] |
|
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48-5524 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
403/171; 52/848;
405/21; 405/30; 52/655.2; 403/217; 405/25; 52/223.9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B
1/1906 (20130101); E02B 3/06 (20130101); Y10T
403/342 (20150115); Y10T 403/44 (20150115); Y02A
10/11 (20180101); E04B 2001/1984 (20130101); E04B
2001/1966 (20130101); E04B 2001/1927 (20130101); E04B
2001/1993 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02B
3/06 (20060101); E04B 1/19 (20060101); E04g
007/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/3
;403/171,176,172,170,217,218 ;52/608,81,726,227 ;46/26,29 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kannan; Philip C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Construction elements of underwater trusses comprising a web
member having elastic head members secured to each of the opposite
ends thereof, spherical hollow opposing joint members having a
plurality of holes formed therein, a cup-shaped member covering a
portion of each elastic head member and received in one of said
holes in each joint member, a tension member extending through said
web member and having ends extending through said holes into the
hollow portions of said joint members, and stopper means for
locking each end of the tension member to said hollow portion of
each joint member to interconnect said web member and said joint
member in fixed position.
2. Construction elements as defined in claim 1, wherein said web
member includes a hollow pipe member made of steel, a rigid
cylindrical end member secured to each of the ends of said hollow
pipe member, and a plastic coating covering the outer surface of
said pipe member and said end member, said elastic head member
being retained on said end member secured to said pipe member.
3. Construction elements as defined in claim 2, wherein said end
member is made of a light aluminum alloy.
4. Construction elements as defined in claim 2, wherein said
elastic head member is provided with a ring about its outer
periphery for preventing excessive deformation thereof.
5. Construction elements as defined in claim 1, wherein said
tension member is a wire rope, a socket being secured to each of
the ends of the wire rope for holding it, and said stopper means
comprises a plurality of split stoppers disposed adjacent to the
inside end of said socket, said stoppers being movable to a
conically outwardly enlarged position where they are engaged with
the inner end face of said hole to lock said socket onto the end of
the wire rope and within said hollow portion of the joint member,
and means operatable in response to rotation of said cup member for
moving said stoppers to said outwardly enlarged position.
6. Construction elements as defined in claim 5, wherein said means
for moving said stoppers include guide members provided on said
stoppers and fixably held at their one ends on said wire end by the
socket, and said cup member is provided with guide grooves for
receiving and guiding outwardly the other ends of said guide
members so as to move said stoppers to the outwardly enlarged
position during rotation of said cup member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to construction elements of trusses, and
more particularly to construction elements of three-dimensional
underwater trusses adapted to be constructed under the water.
This invention is particularly applicable to the construction of
large-scale trusses on the bottom of the sea for use as fishing
grounds or other types of structure used in the sea. One of the
particularly advantageous application of the truss in accordance
with this invention is an auxiliary structure around an observation
instrument or other kind of instrument provided in the sea for
protecting the same from the influence of wave motion.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Artificial fishing grounds which have hitherto been constructed in
accordance with prior art have used heavy materials such as
concrete blocks or sunken ships. Therefore, the construction of the
conventional fishing ground has required great labor and much time
for transportation of the materials to the site of construction and
for making the fishing ground into the desired shape. There has
been a strong desire for elimination of such difficulties in the
construction of the conventional fishing ground or other structures
in the sea.
Further, in the prior art, it has been impossible to construct a
large-scale wave breaker in the sea at depths greater than about
100 m.
In construction of a structure such as a truss in the sea, the most
important and difficult problem is how to maintain every point of
the structure at a fixed position. Another problem is how to
construct trusses in the sea at depths of 20 m or more.
If the above mentioned problems inherent in the prior arts are to
be overcome, the structure must have small resistance to the flow
of sea water so that its position in space will remain fixed
against the sea water flow. Further, the construction must have
good versatility in shape, particularly in the case where the
construction is used as an auxiliary structure for protecting an
instrument or the like in the sea.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above-mentioned problems are solved and the requirements
mentioned above are met by this invention, in which underwater
trusses are constructed by assembling elastic elements.
The principal object of this invention is to provide construction
elements which can be assembled into a truss structure which
constantly maintains its position in space.
Another object of this invention is to provide construction
elements for framing trusses which are rigid enough to maintain
their position and at the same time elastic enough to maintain
their form against the influence of wave motion.
Still another object of this invention is to provide construction
elements for framing trusses which have small surface area so as to
have as small fluid resistance as possible.
A further object of this invention is to provide construction
elements for constructing trusses which can be assembled in a
variety of shapes as desired so that the constructed truss can be
made to conform to the contour of the object provided in the sea or
can be formed in any desired shape.
A still further object of this invention is to provide construction
elements for framing underwater trusses which are light in weight
and accordingly are able to form large-scale trusses in the
sea.
A still another object of this invention is to provide construction
elements for constructing underwater trusses which have
substantially the same specific gravity as that of sea water so
that they can easily be assembled in the sea and a great weight of
the trusses may not be exerted on the elements in the sea.
The construction elements in accordance with this invention
basically comprise spherical elastic joint members having a
plurality of engaging holes over the whole surface thereof, and web
members having elastic portions at both ends thereof to be engaged
with the holes of said joint members. The joint members and the web
members are made so light in weight that the specific gravity
thereof is substantially the same as that of sea water. The web
members are preferably made hollow in order to save material and
make them light in weight.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing basic
elements of the construction elements in accordance with a simple
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a basic truss unit constituted by
the joint members and the web members of the construction elements
of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the internal
structure of the joint member and the web member constituting the
construction elements in accordance with another embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the head of the
web member to be joined with the joint member;
FIG. 5 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the head of the
web member joined with the joint member;
FIG. 6 is a partly broken perspective view of a locking means for
keeping the head of the web member locked in the joint member;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the top of a cup for holding the neck
portion of the head of the web; and
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an example of a fishing ground
constructed by use of trusses in accordance with this
invention.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIG. 1 which shows a foundamental embodiment of this
invention, the construction elements comprise a web member 1 and
joint members 2 joined at the opposite ends of the web member 1.
The web member 1 comprises a hollow steel pipe 10, a pair of
elastic end members 11 fixed at the opposite ends 10 of the steel
pipe 10, a tension member such as a wire rope 12 tensioned between
the elastic end members 11 at the center of the steel pipe 10, and
a pair of head members 13 fixed to the opposite ends of the tension
member 12. The head member 13 has a hole 13b at an end of a
spherical body portion 13a so that the end 12a of the tension
member 12 can be inserted therein and tightly fixed thereto. The
spherical body portion 13a may be either rigid or elastic. In case
that it is rigid, the joint member 2 must be elastic so that the
head member 13 of the web member 1 may be snapped into the hole 2a
of the joint member 2 by elastic deformation of the joint member
2.
The web member 1 should float or almost float in the water or sea
water so that it may be easily handled in the water with small
force. If the tension member 12 is not a wire rope but a rigid
member, foamed urethane 14 may be used to fill in the space between
the hollow steel pipe 10 and the tension member 12 so as to make
the specific gravity of the web member 1 as a whole substantially
equal to that of the sea water. The tension member 12 tensioned in
the web member 1 may be a fabric rope made of polypropylene.
The spherical joint member 2 is provided with a plurality of joint
holes 2a having a narrowered opening 2b for holding the spherical
head 13 of the web member 1. The hole 2a holds the head 13 of the
web member 1 with a holding force strong enough to keep the web
member joined with the joint member when the joint members 2 joined
at the opposite ends of the web member 1 are pulled apart to
strongly tension the rope 12. The spherical joint member 2 is
preferred to be elastic, but may be rigid when the head 13 of the
web member 1 is elastic enough to easily snap into the hole. In
order to prevent the head from easily being removed from the hole,
the shape of the head 13 is preferred to be conical or triangular
rather than spherical.
The foundamental unit of the trusses constituted by the above
elements is a tetragonal unit as shown in FIG. 2. Four web members
1 and four joint members 2 are used to frame this basic unit truss
structure.
Another preferred embodiment of this invention is illustrated in
FIGS. 3 to 8. In order to construct a large-scale truss which is
used for resisting a large force of wave impact or flow of sea
water,, the head of the web members is required to be tightly held
by the hole of the joint member. Accordingly, a lock means is
necessitated at the head of the web member.
Referring to FIG. 3, a web member 3 in accordance with the second
embodiments of this invention comprises a hollow tubular portion
3a, a pair of a head portions 3b provided at the opposite ends
thereof, and a wire rope 3c extending through the tubular portion
3a and tensioned between the head portions 3a. The hollow tubular
portion 3a comprises, in this embodiment, a rigid steel pipe 31 and
a plastic protective coating 32. The pipe 31 may be made of
concrete or plastic so long as it has strong rigidity and
sufficient compressive strength against the impact of waves in the
sea. The reference numeral 33 shows a head holder made of light
aluminium alloy fixed to the end of the steel pipe 31 and formed to
have a deep annular recess 33a to receive a cylindrical elastic
head member 34. The elastic head member 34 has a cylindrical form
and is tightly engaged with the recess 33a of the head holder 33
concentrically therewith. The end of the head member 34 is rounded
and received in a hard plastic cup member 35 to be mated with a
joint hole 42 of the joint member 4. The plastic cup member 35
comprises a pair of cup halves (see FIG. 7) and has stopper spring
guides 35.sub.1, 35.sub.2, 35.sub.3, 35.sub.4, on the top thereof
for moving outward the stopper springs 36.sub.1, 36.sub.2,
36.sub.3, 36.sub.4 (36.sub.3, 36.sub.4 are not shown in FIG. 6) of
stoppers 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d. The cup member 35 has key holes 35c
and 35d for rotation of the cup member around its axis to move the
stopper springs 36.sub.1, 36.sub.2 -- outward to lock the head in
the joint hole 42.
The reference numeral 38 indicate a holding ring to tightly hold
the elastic head member 34 for preventing excessive distortion
thereof.
Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5 showing the detailed construction of the
head portion, a socket 37 is secured to the end of the wire rope 3c
and a stopper means 36 is provided beneath the socket 37 and said
stopper springs 36.sub.1, 36.sub.2 -- are engaged with said spring
guides 35.sub.1, 35.sub.2, 35.sub.3, 35.sub.4 formed on the top of
the cup member 35. The stoppers 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d are provided
with a holding wire 36.sub.5, 36.sub.6, 36.sub.7 -- extending
upwards and said stopper spring 36.sub.1, 36.sub.2, 36.sub.3 -- as
shown in FIG. 6. The holding wires 36.sub.5, 36.sub.6 -- are held
in the socket 37 as shown in FIG. 4 and secured therein together
with the wire rope 3c. The lower end of the stopper springs
36.sub.1 -- are engaged with said spring guides 35.sub.1 --, so
that the stopper springs 36.sub.1 -- may be moved outward when the
cup member 35 is rotated clockwise (in FIG. 7) to move the stoppers
36 outward. The stoppers 36, when moved outward after the head 3b
is inserted into the joint hole 42, ride on the reception face 41a
of the joint body 41 of the joint member 4 as shown in FIG. 5 so
that the head portion 36 of the web member cannot be pulled
out.
The wire rope 3c serves to resist against a tension exerted on the
web member 3. Another important role of the wire rope 3c is to hold
a pipe or an electric lead wire therein for transporting liquid,
air or other material desired to be sent through the web member or
transmitting electricity therethrough. Thus, the wire rope 3c
serves as a nerve system of the truss structure.
The joint member 4 is a hollow spherical body made of steel or
rigid hard plastic. The number of the joint holes 42 is properly
selected, but the maximum in practical use in 18.
The web members 3 and the joint members 4 are joined together to
form a truss structure. One example of a truss structure is shown
in FIG. 8. The truss structure is a combination of the regular
tetrahedral units shown in FIG. 2, in which a pair of
two-dimensional truss structures 51 and 52 extending in parallel
with each other are combined by means of binding webs 53a, 53b, --
which in turn form tetrahedral units. For example, webs 53a, 53b,
and 53c extending from a vertex 51a of a triangule 51A in the upper
two-dimensional truss structure 51 diagonally downward to three
vertexes 52a, 52b, 52c of a triangle of the lower truss structure
52 form a regular tetrahedron. Three vertexes 51a, 51b, 51c of the
triangle 51A and said vertex 52b form another tetrahedron.
At the corner of the lower truss structure 52 is formed a leg
portion 54 made of the truss structure extending downward. The
lower end of the leg portion 54 is secured to concrete blocks or
the like 55 which are anchored to the bottom of the sea by means of
anchors 56.
FIG. 8 shows a corner of a table-shaped under-water truss structure
constructed by use of the truss elements in accordance with the
present invention.
The truss structure constructed as described above is useful as an
under-water structure serving as a fishing ground, an auxiliary
structure surrounding an underwater construction for protecting the
same from the influence of wave motion, a bed for culturing
seaweeds, pearls and other sea products, and also useful as a
structure floating on the sea like a floating island for use as a
resting place for workers or as a place to work on.
* * * * *