U.S. patent number 3,862,464 [Application Number 05/391,884] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-28 for grating.
Invention is credited to Erich Arens.
United States Patent |
3,862,464 |
Arens |
January 28, 1975 |
GRATING
Abstract
A grating for use as a cover for a channel, basin, or trough pit
or as a shoe cleaner, consisting of a number of bars arranged
parallel to each other and connected in the transverse direction by
holding elements spaced from each other.
Inventors: |
Arens; Erich (593
Huttental-Wiedenau, DT) |
Family
ID: |
5801691 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/391,884 |
Filed: |
August 27, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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234844 |
Mar 15, 1972 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Mar 16, 1971 [DT] |
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2112573 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
15/217; 52/664;
15/238 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C
2/422 (20130101); E04D 13/12 (20130101); A47L
23/24 (20130101); E04F 19/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47L
23/24 (20060101); A47L 23/00 (20060101); E04D
13/12 (20060101); E04C 2/42 (20060101); E04C
2/30 (20060101); E04F 19/00 (20060101); E04F
19/10 (20060101); E04c 002/42 (); E04f
019/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;15/238,237,240,215,216,217,236 ;52/664,665,667,668,669,677 |
Foreign Patent Documents
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20,267 |
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Sep 1896 |
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GB |
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572,592 |
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Sep 1944 |
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GB |
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Primary Examiner: Blum; Daniel
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Blodgett; Norman S. Blodgett; Gerry
A.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 234,844 filed Mar.
15, 1972, now abandoned.
Claims
The invention having been thus described, what is claimed as new
and desired to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A grating comprising:
a. a plurality of elongated holding elements spaced from and
parallel to one another,
i. each holding element being provided with an elongated stiffener,
and
ii. each holding element being formed of separate a plurality of
holding element portions in contact with one another,
1. some of the holding element portions having an undercut head
piece on one side, the head piece being of constant cross-section
for a substantial length, and
2. each portion having groove means for fixing the holding element
portion to the stiffener on another side, and
b. a plurality of elongated bars of extruded shape, held parallel
to one another and extending transversely of the holding
elements,
i. each bar having a longitudinal undercut groove of cross-section
corresponding to that of the head piece, which groove forms a
locking non-rotational engagement with each of at least two of the
undercut head pieces, and
ii. the holding elements forming the only connection between
adjacent bars.
2. A grating as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the
holding element portions has more than one undercut head piece
extending from a side.
3. A grating as recited in claim 1, wherein the length of each
holding element portion corresponding to a multiple of the
center-to-center distance between undercut head pieces and for at
least one pair of adjacent holding element portions, each member of
the pair has a complimentary part of an undercut head piece.
4. A grating according to claim 1, wherein a spacer, which is
provided with means for fixing it to a stiffener but is not
provided with an undercut head piece is fixed to the stiffener
between two adjacent holding element portions which have head
pieces.
5. A grating as recited in claim 1, wherein the bars carry a
brush-like surface on a portion of the bars opposed to the groove.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Gratings and mats exist in a well-developed art with a variety of
different designs available. For example, it is known to provide
lined-up bars, which are parallel and which are connected by
tension wires which penetrate, in certain places, transverse hole
with which the bars are equipped. To maintain the space between
adjacent bars separating elements are placed on the wire or on
corresponding connecting members. Gratings of this type are
expensive to make mainly because the tension wires or similar
connecting elements have to be guided on the different places not
only through the individual bars, strips etc., but additionally
through the separating elements between the bars. However, it is
also well-known to provide gratings in which the parallel bars
consist of hollow extruded shapes, which are kept together at their
open ends by fixed pins or head strips having teeth. On such
gratings the disadvantage is that the bars are only connected to
each other on their ends, if holding elements such as tension wires
or similar connecting elements with separating elements are not
used. Gratings in which the bars are connected only on their ends
can be made only of small width. In some cases, the connecting of
the bars by head bars is disadvantageous because of requirements
for a stiffer support which will not permit one to make the
supports for the bars wider as would be required by the thickness
of the head bars. Finally, during use of gratings of the
last-described design, attention has to be paid to the fact that
the support for the bars may not be displaced lengthwise of the
bars. The holding elements may then loosen up because of loss of
the holding teeth. These and other difficulties experienced with
the prior art devices have been obviated in a novel manner by the
present invention.
It is, therefore, an outstanding object of the invention to provide
a grating in which a plurality of bars of any length may be
connected easily with one another and may be equipped with any
number of holding elements located at any location along the length
of the bars.
Another object of this invention is the provision of a grating
including an assembly system having standardized elements that can
be incorporated in a large range of sizes.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of a
grating made up of elements which are simple in construction,
inexpensive to manufacture, and which are capable of a long life of
service with a minimum of maintenance.
With these and other objects in view, as will be apparent to those
skilled in the art, the invention resides in the combination of
parts set forth in the specification and covered by the claims
appended hereto.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In general, the invention consists of a grating having bars formed
of extruded shapes designed with undercut lengthwise grooves on one
side and having holding elements which are undercut transversely of
their lengths. Head elements are arranged spaced from each other on
a carrier bar, which may be pushed from the open ends into the
grooves of the bars and which are form-locked in place.
According to a further development of the characteristic of this
invention, the head bars and the carrier bars are formed of one
piece, which, on the opposite side of the head bar is equipped with
an undercut profile longitudinal groove for the attachment of
similarly undercut stiffener or holder with an extruded shape.
According to this invention, each carrier bar can be designed with
head parts which are positioned in side-by-side relationship and
equally spaced. For practical purposes, the length of the carrier
bar is a multiple of the length of the distance between two head
parts and at least on one end is equipped with a cross-section half
of the head part. With this design of holding elements, it is
possible to line up a number of them side-by-side to form a grate
or a mat and two neighboring carrier bars are always touching in
the area of the grate bars.
It is within the concept of this invention that each head part has
its own carrier bar and its length corresponds to the width of the
bars and that a number of head parts touch directly the ends of
their carrier bars. By the centering of corresponding spacers on
the carrier bars they form holding elements and are pushed onto the
stiffener or holding elements. This design of holding elements has
the special advantage that spacers of different length may be used
and for that reason gratings of any length may be fabricated and
the spacing between the bars can be selected of different amounts.
It also could be possible in certain cases to make gratings in
which the bars within different areas of the grating could have
different divisions.
According to this invention, the bars, formed as extrusions, could
be made from metal, plastic, or rubber and could carry brush strips
on their upper sides.
A further characteristic of this invention is that the holding
element for the head bars and carrier bars consists of material
which resists deformation, such as metal, hard plastic, or hard
rubber. They also may be fabricated of elastic materials such as
rubber or plastic. As stiffeners for the holding bars, materials
are preferably used which are made at least partially out of metal,
such as light metal alloy, and are equipped with elements which
support the carrier bars and holding elements from beneath. These
support elements can receive extruded shapes which correspond to
the desired stress requirements in a given situation.
According to this invention, it is especially of advantage when the
holding element is designed as a molded body (by which the undercut
parts present on the carrier bar can accept the stiffener or hollow
elements) protrusions are provided spaced from each other
longitudinally and positioned in such a way that the arrangement of
these parts are on opposite sides but always face a space. The
protrusions which are formed by the undercut parts can be designed
to be reduced from the longitudinal center toward the edges of the
holding elements, i.e., in the shape of a trapezoid. The end edges
of two protrusions opposing one another with a space can be
positioned in the same inclined plane relative to the longitudinal
axis of the holding elements. Holding elements designed in such a
way may be fabricated easily by molding of rubber, plastic, or even
metal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The character of the invention, however, may be best understood by
reference to one of its structural forms, as illustrated by the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a prospective view of a grating embodying the principles
of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line II--II of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a grating, but with a modification
thereof,
FIG. 4 shows a further modification of the grating,
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the grating taken on the line V--V of
FIG. 1,
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the grating taken on the line VI--VI
of FIG. 2,
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken on the line VII--VII of FIG.
3,
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a modification of a component of the
grating,
FIGS. 9 and 10 show side and bottom views, respectively of a
modified form of a component of the grating,
FIG. 11 is a plan view of the component shown in FIGS. 9 and 10,
and
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of individual components for a
modified form of the grating.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring first to FIGS. 1,2 and 5, it can be seen that a grate
according to this invention can be used, for example, to cover
channels, pits, etc., or as a mat which can be used as a shoe
scraper. It is equipped with a number of bars 1 arranged parallel
to each other and connected by a holder formed of several holding
elements 2 extending transversely of the bars, the latter being
held spaced from each other. The bars 1 are designed as hollow
structural or extruded shapes made from plastic longitudinal and
equipped with one undercut longitudinal groove 3.
For the connection of the bars 1 with each other, holding elements
2 are pushed into the grooves 3 of the open bar ends. These are in
turn equipped with bases or holding blocks and head pieces 4 or
undercut protuberances arranged transversely of the longitudinal
direction of the holding elements 2. They have profiles
corresponding in shape to the shape of the undercut grooves 3. By
means of these head pieces 4, the extruded bars 1 are locked to the
holding elements 2 in a simple way and maintained at the desired
spacing.
As can be clearly seen in FIG. 1, the grating bars are easily and
without considerable expenditure of work, fitted to any
requirements for the number of bars 1 and holding elements 2. Also,
the holding elements 2 with the undercut head piece 4 can be made
from plastic or the like. The requirements for usage determine if
stiff or flexible grating is to be made. This also will determine
if the holding elements 2 with their head pieces 4 are to be made
of bend-resisting material or from elastic material.
In the preferred form of the invention the holding elements 2 are
equipped with a groove 5 open to the underside and undercut. Into
this groove 5 can be pressed, if necessary, a stiffener or holding
profile 6 or stiffening element, 6, which is equipped with a
corresponding longitudinal web part. This stiffener and holding
profile 6 can be made of hard plastic or hard rubber. However, it
is especially desirable to make it out of light metal to achieve
high resistance to bending.
The holding elements 2 with their head pieces 4 could extend,
without any interruption, over the entire length of the grating and
also transversely of the length of the bars 1. In this design the
bar 1 could be of trapezoidal shape in cross-section, as indicated
in FIG. 2. On its top side, the bars 1 are equipped with brush
strips 7 as can be seen in FIG. 3.
It is also possible to design the bars 1 as rectangular pipes cut
open longitudinally as shown in FIG. 4. In general, the shape of
the sectional bars or strips 1 is not significant, as long as there
is present an undercut longitudinal groove 3 for the engagement of
similarly-shaped head parts 4 of the holding elements 2.
Comparison of FIGS. 5 and 6 will show clearly that, according to
requirements, reinforcing and holding profiles 6 of various
longitudinal cross-sections of the holding elements 2, may be
pressed into the undercut grooves 5. The reinforcement or holding
profile 6 (according to FIG. 6) has in addition to its undercut
profiled longitudinal web, only a flat support flange 9 which
supports the holding elements 2 on its entire width. The thickness
of this support flange 9 may be made to suit the load
requirements.
According to FIG. 5, the reinforcing or holding profile 6 is
equipped, in addition to the profiled longitudinal web 8 and the
support flange 9, with two side bars 10 as stiffeners.
FIG. 8 shows clearly a reinforcing or holding profiles 6 which can
be made also from a pipe-shaped element 11 which is equipped on its
top with an undercut longitudinal web 8.
Naturally, it is possible to use the holding elements 2 without any
reinforcing or holding profiles 6, as can be seen in FIG. 7. In
this case, the undercut profiled longitudinal grooves of the
holding element 2 are then left free and open.
The holding element shown in the FIGS. 9 to 11 for the connection
of a number of profiled bars 1 to form a grating differs from those
shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 mainly in that on the underside no undercut
longitudinal groove 5 is present. It is equipped, however, in its
cross-section with L-shaped additions 12 which are spaced from each
other on both longitudinal edges of the holding elements 2 with
their free legs directed toward each other. Every addition 12 on
one longitudinal edge of the bar is opposed by a space between the
additions, arranged on the other side of the bar, as can be seen
especially in FIG. 10. Holding elements 2 designed in this way are
easily made by injection molding because all profiled parts are
positioned in such a way that the profile insertion of the mold
engages in the same direction.
A further design of the holding elements according to the FIGS. 9
to 11 provides that they carry on each end a cross-section half 14
of head part 4. With this type of design, it is possible to arrange
several of the holding elements in contact with each other, the
touching ends of the neighboring holding elements 2 within one
profiled bar 1 being connected by the side-by-side head part halves
14. A special variable design of grates or mats will result, when
the profiled bars 1 are connected in a grating by a holding element
design as shown in FIG. 12. According to FIG. 12, each holding
element 2 is equipped with only one undercut profiled head part 4.
In the direction transverse to the profile of the head part 4, the
holding element 2 is equipped with the undercut groove 5. These
holding elements 2 are pushed individually longitudinally of the
undercut profiled web 8 of a reinforcing or holding profile 6 where
between two successive holding elements 2 is pushed a spacer 15 or
spacer block equipped with an undercut longitudinal groove 16. This
spacer 15 determines the distance between two successive holding
elements 2 and also the distance between the neighboring profiled
bars 1. Since the spacer 15 may be made in any length, it is
possible for practically every selected distance between the
grating bars 1 to be obtained with the holding element arrangement
shown in FIG. 12.
The number of the previously described designs makes it clear that
a grating made according to this invention is much simpler and
easier to make than those previously known. Without any difficulty,
a grating made in accordance with this invention may be adjusted to
varying stress requirements, because on one hand the selection of
the holding element 2 may be easily changed according to those
requirements and, in addition, everyone of these holding elements 2
may additionally be stiffened by insertion of reinforcing or
holding elements.
It is obvious that minor changes may be made in the form and
construction of the invention without departing from the material
spirit thereof. It is not, however, desired to confine the
invention to the exact form herein shown and described, but it is
desired to include all such as properly come within the scope
claimed.
* * * * *