U.S. patent number 3,862,411 [Application Number 05/404,623] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-21 for apparatus for outdoor lighting, especially for traffic signs.
Invention is credited to Leonard Per Anders Persson.
United States Patent |
3,862,411 |
Persson |
January 21, 1975 |
APPARATUS FOR OUTDOOR LIGHTING, ESPECIALLY FOR TRAFFIC SIGNS
Abstract
An outdoor lighting fixture having a high discharge lamp which
requires a relatively high feeding voltage. The fixture is supplied
with mains voltage by a cable located in the ground. A first
transformer located below the ground is used to step-down the high
voltage from the mains. The resulting low voltage is transmitted to
a second transformer which steps-up the voltage to that required by
the lamp. This second transformer is located adjacent to and is
connected to the lamp.
Inventors: |
Persson; Leonard Per Anders
(Stockholm, SW) |
Family
ID: |
26849482 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/404,623 |
Filed: |
October 9, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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152348 |
Jun 11, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
362/431; 174/5R;
174/38; 315/277; 323/361 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21S
8/086 (20130101); F21V 23/02 (20130101); F21Y
2103/00 (20130101); F21W 2131/103 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21S
8/08 (20060101); F21V 23/02 (20060101); F21v
023/02 (); F21v 025/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/25,84 ;174/5,38
;323/44 ;315/276,277 ;336/90 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1,139,584 |
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Nov 1962 |
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DT |
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1,438,539 |
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Apr 1966 |
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FR |
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Primary Examiner: Peters, Jr.; Joseph F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Linton & Linton
Parent Case Text
The present application is a continuation of copending application
Ser. No. 152,348 filed June 11, 1971, now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. In an outdoor lighting apparatus, comprising a high voltage
light source, a vertical lamp post, ground foundation means
supporting said lamp post, first transformer means protectively
located inside said ground foundation means, second transformer
means located near the top of said lamp post in close proximity to
said high voltage light source, a main voltage underground cable
connected to a primary winding of said first transformer means,
first connecting means inside said lamp post and connecting a
secondary winding of said first transformer means to a winding of
said second transformer means, and second connecting means
connecting a winding of said second transformer means to said high
voltage light source, the improvement consisting of said first
transformer means being a step down transformer wherein said
primary winding is completely and safely insulated from said
secondary winding, the induced voltage in said secondary winding
being typically from 15 to 30 volts and not above 48 volts and said
second transformer means being capable of transforming low induced
voltage to the high voltage required for said high voltage light
source.
Description
The present invention relates to outdoor lighting, especially
illuminated traffic signs, sign posts, and the like being located
in such a manner, that they can be driven into by vehicles.
In order to obtain a satisfactory illumination of such signs the
light must be of high intensity and suitably also showing a
spectral characteristic similar to that of the day light. Both for
reasons of security and economy the source of light must have a
long life. Sources of light, meeting these requirements, are for
example luminous discharge lamps, especially mercury vapour
discharge lamps.
However, luminous discharge lamps require a relatively high feeding
voltage, which means that in case a lighting apparatus of the
initially mentioned type is provided with a luminous discharge
lamp, is driven into by a vehicle and damaged, the material of the
lighting apparatus might be alive with electricity of a voltage
dangerous to life.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for
outdoor lighting of the mentioned kind, which apparatus does not
include this latent risk to road users and service men.
Accordingly, the present application relates to an apparatus for
outdoor lighting, especially for traffic signs, sign posts, and the
like being located in such a manner that they can be driven into by
vehicles and being provided with a source of light, especially
luminous discharge lamps, that requires a relatively high feeding
voltage and which lamps are being fed with mains voltage by a cable
located in the ground and further having the actual lighting
mounting placed on a column, pole or the like, preferably extending
from a ground foundation. According to the invention such an
apparatus is characterized by a first transformer, formed as a
transformer having a primary and secondary wiring and step-down
transformation, said transformer being supplied with mains voltage
to the primary side thereof, and further having a very good
isolation between the primary and secondary sides and on the
secondary side having a physiologically harmless voltage,
preferably in the order of 15 - 30 volts and in any case not
exceeding 48 volts of open circuit voltage, and which transformer
is mechanically protected against any collisions with vehicles and
via lines from the secondary side thereof being in connection with
the input terminals of a step-up transformer. The latter
transformer being arranged in immediate connection to the actual
lighting mounting and provided in order to step up the
physiologically harmless voltage to the voltage required to
illuminate the source of light. Firstly, by such an apparatus no
voltages dangerous to life can be formed between the material of
the lighting apparatus and the ground. Secondly, repair and
maintenance of the lighting apparatus can be accomplished easily
and with complete safety and consequently service men and
installation contractors need not have competence for such
tasks.
The invention will be further described in the following
description with reference to the drawings, in which
FIG. 1 shows an outdoor lighting apparatus and
FIG. 2 illustrates a circuit diagram for a lighting apparatus
according to the invention.
The full transformer 1 having an isolation of 4 kV, is being
supplied with mains voltage to the primary side 2 thereof by a wire
located in the ground. A choke coil 3 can be connected in series
with the primary side of the transformer 1 in order to give the
correct voltage current characteristic for feeding the luminous
discharge lamp. Alternatively, the transformer 1 can be constructed
as a leakage flux transformer in such a way that it is showing
reactor characteristics in itself.
The transformer 1 and optionally the choke coil 3 together with
fuses, switches and similar (not shown) are combined as a unit,
referred to as a feeding device 4. The feeding device 4 is arranged
in a mechanically protected manner in the ground or in a ground
foundation, not shown, so that the feeding device can not be
mechanically damaged by collision with a motor vehicle.
The transformer 1 is on the secondary side 5 thereof providing a
low voltage in the order of 15 - 30 volts, this is a
physiologically harmless voltage that in any case, considering
current rules, should not exceed 48 volts. From the secondary side
5 of the transformer 1 a pair of coils conduits 6, 6' are leading
to the actual mounting 7, for example placed in the top of column
or pole, not shown. The mounting 7 includes a second transformer 8,
suitably consisting of a full transformer having a luminous
discharge lamp 9, as illustrated, for example a Hg-lamp or a
Na-lamp connected to the secondary side thereof. The transformer 8
is a step-up transformer and the output side thereof is provides a
high voltage, suitable for driving the lamp.
The transformer 8 is preferably placed in immediate connection to
the mounting for example within a covering for the mounting.
In case the covering for the mounting is formed of a strong,
isolating plastic material the transformer 8 can be wrapped in this
covering and be constructed as an auto transformer.
The feeding device 4 is suitably, not shown, made short-circuit
proof, either by the transformer 1 having such a character that the
secondary side thereof without risk of damaging the transformer can
be short-circuited and/or by connecting a thermal fuse to the
primary circuit of the transformer 1. Such steps are known per se
and obvious to those skilled in the art and consequently will not
be further described in the specification.
In case the feeding device is made short-circuit proof all the work
on the secondary side thereof and in the mounting can be made
having the secondary short-circuited for example using a switch or
a clamp making the apparatus short-circuited, thereby further
reducing the risk for service men and installations
contractors.
In summary the feeding device 4, being positioned into the ground
and thereby protected, has the following functions among
others:
It galvanically differs the a.c. mains from the actual mounting so
that the mounting in this respect is completely safe to touch.
Further, the mains voltage should be transformed down to a
physiologically harmless voltage, which according to the rules must
not exceed 24 volts of open circuit voltage.
The feeding device 4 should be of such a construction and arranged
in such a manner that the low voltage can be short-circuited, i.e.,
either provided with a depending or undepending short-circuit
fuse.
Further in the illustrated embodiment the feeding device 4 provides
the required choke coil characteristics to the low voltage for
feeding Na or Hg-lamps, either by connecting a choke coil in series
with the primary side of the transformer or by using a so called
leakage flux transformer as the transformer including the required
choke coil character in itself.
However, within the scope of the invention the choke coil function
can be moved to the actual mounting, for example by providing a
choke coil, not shown, on the secondary side of the transformer 8
or by constructing the transformer 8 as a leakage flux
transformer.
Naturally, these and similar modifications lying within the scope
of the knowledge of the person having average skill in the art
could be made without departing from the present invention, as
claimed in the following claims.
* * * * *