U.S. patent number 3,860,425 [Application Number 05/283,026] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-14 for dispersion containing nonionic surface acting agent with units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Yoshiaki Ono, Hirozo Ueda, Nobuo Yamamoto, Masakazu Yoneyama.
United States Patent |
3,860,425 |
Ono , et al. |
January 14, 1975 |
DISPERSION CONTAINING NONIONIC SURFACE ACTING AGENT WITH UNITS OF
POLYOXYETHYLENE AND POLYOXYPROPYLENE
Abstract
A dispersion comprising an aqueous medium having dispersed
therein an oleophilic material in the presence of (a) a nonionic
surface active agent containing polyoxypropylene units having a
molecular weight of greater than 500 and polyoxyethylene units, and
a molar ratio of said polyoxyethylene units to said
polyoxypropylene units ranging from 0.1 to 0.6, and (b) an anionic
surface active agent having an --OSO.sub.3 M group or an --SO.sub.3
M group, wherein M represents a monovalent cation, and a
hydrophobic group is disclosed.
Inventors: |
Ono; Yoshiaki (Kanagawa,
JA), Yoneyama; Masakazu (Kanagawa, JA),
Ueda; Hirozo (Kanagawa, JA), Yamamoto; Nobuo
(Kanagawa, JA) |
Assignee: |
Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
(Kanagawa, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
13274017 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/283,026 |
Filed: |
August 23, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Aug 25, 1971 [JA] |
|
|
46-64991 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
430/546; 430/139;
430/644; 430/631; 430/933 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41M
5/132 (20130101); G03C 7/3882 (20130101); G03C
7/28 (20130101); G03C 1/815 (20130101); Y10S
430/134 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41M
5/132 (20060101); G03C 7/28 (20060101); G03C
1/815 (20060101); G03C 7/388 (20060101); G03c
001/92 () |
Field of
Search: |
;96/100,114.5,84R,84UV,68,82 ;106/125 ;260/638HF |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Topchin; Norman G.
Assistant Examiner: Kimlin; Edward C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, Zinn &
Macpeak
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A multilayer photographic light-sensitive silver halide element
containing a dispersion comprising an aqueous gelatin solution
having dispersed therein at least one oleophilic material selected
from the group consisting of an oleophilic dye for a silver dye
bleaching process, an oleophilic coupler free of a water
solubilizing group, an oleophilic ultraviolet absorbent, an
oleophilic antioxidant, an oleophilic dye image stabilizing agent
and an oleophilic fluorescent brightening agent, in the presence of
(a) a nonionic surface active agent containing polyoxypropylene
units having a molecular weight of greater than 500 and
polyoxyethylene units and a molar ratio of said polyoxyethylene
units to said polyoxypropylene units ranging from 0.5 to 0.6, and
(b) an anionic surface active agent having an --OSO.sub.3 M group
or an --SO.sub.3 M group, wherein M represents a monovalent cation,
and a hydrophobic group, said nonionic surface active agent being a
slightly water-soluble polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block
polymer wherein the entire polyoxypropylene portion thereof has a
molecular weight greater than 500 and wherein the molar ratio of
all of the polyoxyethylene units thereof to all of the
polyoxypropylene units thereof ranges from 0.1 to 0.6.
2. The element of claim 1, wherein said gelatin is acid-treated
gelatin, lime-treated gelatin or enzyme-treated gelatin.
3. The element of claim 2, wherein an average molecular weight of
said gelatin is greater than 30,000.
4. The element of claim 1, wherein said oleophilic material is an
oleophilic dye for a silver dye bleaching process.
5. The element of claim 1, wherein said oleophilic material is an
oleophilic leuco dye or color former for pressure sensitive copying
sheet.
6. The element of claim 1, wherein said coupler is a coupler which
couples with the oxidation product of an N,N-disubstituted
p-phenylenediamine developing agent and which has a ballasting
group of from 9 to 28 carbon atoms.
7. The element of claim 1, wherein said absorbent is an
.alpha.-cyanocinnamic acid ester, a 2-phenylbenzotriazole, or
mixtures thereof.
8. The element of claim 1, wherein said nonionic surface active
agent is Compound N-1, N-2, N-4, or N-12 represented by the
following formulae: ##SPC7##
9. The element of claim 1, wherein said anionic surface active
agent is: ##SPC8##
10. the element of claim 1, wherein a combination of said nonionic
surface active agent selected from the group consisting of
Compounds N-1, N-2, N-4 and N-12 represented by the following
formulae: ##SPC9##
and said anionic surface active agent selected from the group
consisting of Compounds A-1, A-2, A-11 and A-12 represented by the
following formulae: ##SPC10##
is incorporated.
11. The element of claim 1, wherein said aqueous medium is an
aqueous solution of gelatin or a derivative thereof, albumin,
collodion, gum arabic, agar-agar, alginic acid, an alkyl ester of
carboxylated cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl
hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone,
or mixtures thereof.
12. The element of claim 1, wherein said dispersion is present in a
light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer.
13. The element of claim 1 wherein said non-ionic surface active
agent has a molecular weight up to 8,000.
14. The element of claim 13, wherein said non-ionic surface active
agent has a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 5,000.
15. The element of claim 1, wherein said block polymer has free
hydroxy groups at the terminals thereof.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a dispersion of an
oleophilic material in an aqueous medium and more specifically the
invention relates to a novel dispersion useful for incorporating an
oleophilic material such as oleophilic couplers for color
photography, ultraviolet absorbents for color photography, etc.,
into silver halide photographic emulsions.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In general, it is well known that many surface active agents are
effective for dispersing oil-soluble materials in water. In the
dispersion obtained using such known systems, the size of the
dispersed particles is usually larger than 2 microns in diameter.
On the other hand, particularly in photographic emulsions, it is
required that the particle size to be dispersed in an aqueous
gelatin solution be less than at the most 0.5 micron and the
surface areas of the particles be as large as possible.
That is to say, in the first place, because the many steps which
are involved in the process of forming the dyes, such as the
dissociation of the couplers, the diffusion of the oxidation
product of a developing agent, the coupling reaction, the removal
of elimination reaction products, etc., are conducted through the
interfaces between these particles and gelatin gel, it is important
for providing high coupling reactivity to the couplers to increase
the surface area of the interfaces. It the second place, because
the refractive index of the coupler particles or ultraviolet
absorbent particles not only in a gelatin layer wetted by a
processing solution but also in a dry gelatin layer is not, in
general, equivalent to that of the gelatin in that layer, the
particles of the coupler or the ultraviolet absorbent cause light
scattering and make the gelatin layer opaque to some extent.
Accordingly, in order that the emulsion layer containing the dye
images has high transparency, it is necessary to reduce the size of
the particles in the emulsion.
An oleophilic coupler or an oleophilic ultraviolet absorbent has,
hitherto, been dispersed as fine droplets in an aqueous medium
using an aqueous solution of gelatin as the aqueous medium and an
anionic surface active agent as the emulsifying agent.
As example of such anionic surface active agent, there are
described Gardinol WA (trade name of a sulfated coconut fatty
alcohol, made by the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours Co.) and
triisopropylnapthalene sulfate described in the specification of
U.S. Pat. No. 2,332,027 and Alkanol B (sodium
triisopropylnapthalene sulfate made by the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours
Co.) in the specifications of U.S. Pat. No. 2,801,170 and U.S. Pat.
No. 2,801,171. Furthermore, in the specification of Japanese Pat.
No. 428,191, a method of using as an emulsifying agent a water
soluble coupler having a sulfo group or a carboxyl group together
with an aliphatic group having the same chain length is
described.
In fact, it has been possible to disperse mechanically an
oleophilic coupler or an oleophilic ultraviolet absorbent as fine
particles thereof to some extent using the above-described
combination of gelatin and the anionic surface active agent.
However, the emulsification step for this combination is
accompanied with great difficulties. That is to say, the
combination of gelatin and the anionic surface active agent is
accompanied with the difficulties that the emulsion foams, the
emulsifying efficiency is reduced by the foaming, and the increase
in the amount of the anionic surface active agent necessary makes
the coating of the photographic emulsion in the subsequent step
difficult. An aqueous gelatin solution containing an anionic
surface active agent tends to foam quite readily to such an extent
that the entire solution can be foamed by stirring the solution
vigorously. Thus, if such a readily foamable solution is stirred to
achieve dispersion by emulsification, a large amount of foam is
formed in the solution. The shearing stress provided by the means
used for emulsification is lost due to the foam cushioning thereby
disturbing the effective transmission of the shearing stress to the
oil droplets containing the coupler. This results in greatly
reducing the emulsification efficiency. Also, the fine foam formed
in the emulsified liquid in the emulsification step partially
remain in the coating solution, which causes pin holes in the
emulsion layer thus coated using such a coating solution.
Furthermore, in order to emulsify finely a coupler to a
satisfactory extent, it is necessary to use a large amount of an
anionic surface active agent but when a photographic emulsion
containing a large amount of an anionic surface active agent for
emulsification is coated on a support as a layer of a multi-layer
systems used for color photographic light-sensitive materials, not
only the emulsion layer but also other subsidiary gelatin layers
tend to have a great unevenness in thickness of the coated layers,
which prevents the production of light-sensitive materials of
uniform qualities.
On the other hand, if a water-soluble nonionic surface active agent
or amphoteric surface active agent, each of which has a
polyoxyethylene group and each of which is a surface active agent
which is well known to be useful for dispersing by emulsification
an oily material in water, is used together with gelatin, it is
difficult to disperse finely a coupler therein to a sufficient
extent. Furthermore, when a cationic surface active agent is used
together with gelatin, a coupler may be emulsified to a
considerable extent immediately after emulsification but the
particles of the coupler aggregate to form massive particles with
the passage of time and finally complete emulsion breakage occurs.
In other words, the emulsified dispersion of a coupler, etc., by
using the combination of a cationic surface active agent and
gelatin is poor in stability with the passage of time.
Moreover, when the emulsified dispersion prepared using a cationic
surface active agent is added to a silver halide emulsion, the
photographic properties are reduced due to the occurrence of fogs
in the photographic emulsion and weak bleaching and also the
mechanical strength of the emulsion layer constituting the
multilayer system used for color photographic light-sensitive
materials is reduced.
A few cases have been reported on specific emulsifying techniques
and among these known methods, a method of dispersing by
emulsification a coupler in an aqueous medium containing gelatin in
the presence of at least a sulfonic acid-type or a sulfuric acid
ester-type anionic surface active agent and at least one nonionic
surface active agent of a sorbitan fatty acid ester type is known
as an effective technique for dispersing couplers by emulsification
(Belgian Pat. No. 737,133). However, when such a known method is
used to incorporate by heating a water-soluble ultraviolet
absorbent of an .alpha.-cyanocinnamic acid ester type in an organic
solvent such as dibutyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate, the
.alpha.-cyanocinnamic acid ester type ultraviolet absorbent once
dissolved deposits in the solution.
As described above, many of the generally known techniques of
emulsification dispersion presently are not suitable.
An object of this invention is, therefore, to provide a dispersion
having improved physical and photographic properties, such as a
dispersion in which an oleophilic material has been dispersed
finely in an aqueous medium and in which the resulting dispersion
is stable.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a
photographic material having excellent properties prepared by using
the above-described dispersion (for instance, a color photographic
material which is stable for a long period of time and shows a high
coupling activity).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above objects of the present invention can be attained by
dispersing an oleophilic material in an aqueous medium in the
presence of (1) at least one nonionic surface active agent
containing in the molecule thereof polyoxypropylene units and
polyoxyethylene units in which a molecular weight of the
polyoxypropylene units is greater than 500, the molar ratio of the
polyoxyethylene units to the polyoxypropylene units being from 0.1
to 0.6 and (2) at least one anionic surface active agent having in
the molecule thereof a hydrophobic hydrocarbon group and containing
an --SO.sub.3 M group or an --OSO.sub.3 M group, wherein M
represents a monovalent cation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In practice, it is preferable to disperse in an aqueous mediun an
oleophilic material per se or a solution thereof in an organic
solvent in the presence of at least one nonionic surface active
agent as described above and at least one anionic surface active
agent as described above. The term "in the presence of" means that
the both surface active agents are present, separately or in
combination, in at least one of the oleophilic material, the
organic solvent and the aqueous medium on the dispersing of the
oleophilic material.
Furthermore, a photographic light-sensitive material can also be
produced by adding the dispersion prepared in the manner as
described above in a silver halide photographic emulsion and
coating the emulsion on a support using techniques well known in
the photographic field.
The anionic surface active agent and the nonionic surface active
agent as described above can be incorporated in the oleophilic
materials per se, solutions thereof, e.g., the coupler solution,
the ultraviolet absorbent solution, and the aqueous solution of the
hydrophilic materials described above, or in combination
thereof.
The anionic surface active agents which are suitable for the
practice of this invention are an amphiphilic substance having an
appropriate hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in the
molecule and can be selected from a wide range of compounds, each
having an --SO.sub.3 M group or --OSO.sub.3 M group, where M is a
monovalent cation, for example, a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal
such as Na, K and Li, or an ammonium group such as NH.sub.4, and a
hydrophobic hydrocarbon group, preferably having about 8 to about
30 carbon atoms. Those anionic surface active agents are
illustrated in Ryohei Oda and Kazuhiro Teramura Synthesis and
Application of Surface Active Agent and A. W. Schwartz and J. W.
Perry Surface Active Agents (Interscience Publication).
The term "anionic surface active agent" used in the present
invention includes not only commonly used so-called anionic surface
active agents as described above but also a water-soluble coupler
which has a hydrophobic group, preferably hydrocarbon radical of
about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms and an --SO.sub.3 M group, where M
is as above defined, as generally used in a photographic field.
Specific examples of the particularly useful anionic surface active
agents used in this invention are shown below: ##SPC1##
The nonionic surface active agent which can be used in this
invention is composed of a polyoxypropylene fragment with a
molecular weight of greater than 500 and a polyoxyethylene
fragment, in which a molar ratio of the entire polyoxyethylene
units to the entire polyoxypropylene units ranges from 0.1 to 0.6.
The term, "fragment" used hereinafter has the same meaning as
"units."
When the polyoxypropylene fragment has a considerably higher
molecular weight, the amount of the polyoxyethylene fragment can be
increased so as to control the physical properties of the nonionic
surface active agent. Therefore, any nonionic surface active agent
having a wide range of a molecular weight can be used. When a
polyoxypropylene fragment of a nonionic surface active agent, has a
molecular weight of less than 500 is used, the resulting dispersion
is unstable. The nonionic surface active agent has the entire
molecular weight, preferably up to about 8,000 and more preferably
having a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 5,000.
Specific examples of the nonionic surface active agents
particularly suitable for the practice of this invention are
illustrated below, although the nonionic surface active agent used
in this invention are not limited to these examples only.
##SPC2##
Some of the above compounds are believed to be commercially
available under the trade names of New Pole TL-4500, New Pole
GEP-2800, New Pole SP-750 made by the Sanyo Chemical Industry Co.,
Ltd. Pluronic L-61, Pluronic L-62, Pluronic L-44 made by the
Wyandotte Chemical Corp., etc.
The nonionic surface active agents of this type can be prepared by
methods described in various known literature and by changing the
ratio of polyoxypropylene and polyoxyethylene, the compound having
a suitable HLB (hydrophile - lypophile balance) value for use can
be readily obtained.
The oleophilic coupler to be incorporated in a photographic
emulsion utilizing the dispersion of this invention is a colorless
or colored compound having a coupling unit capable of giving a
colored compound having a spectral absorption in a visible wave
length region by the coupling reaction with the oxidation product
of an N,N-di-substituted p-phenylenediamine compound together with
a hydrophobic group having from 9 to 28 carbon atoms as an oil
solubilizing group. This coupler has no group such as sulfonate
group or a sulfuric acid ester group which is excessively
hydrophilic.
The coupling unit of the aforesaid oleophilic coupler can be
selected from the phenols and compounds having aromatic groups,
amines, pyrroles, or active methylene groups. In particular, a
phenol derivative, a napthol derivative, an acylacetanilide
derivative, and a 5-pyrazolone derivative are useful as such a
coupling unit.
Examples of the oil-soluble or oleophilic couplers suitable for the
practice of this invention are described together with the
production methods thereof in the specifications of U.S. Pat. Nos.
2,322,027, 2,455,170, 2,600,788, 2,801,170, 2,908,573, 3,062,653,
3,148,062, 3,227,551, 3,227,554, 3,337,344, 3,418,129, 3,516,831,
3,519,429, 3,558,700, 3,583,971 and 3,617,291. More particularly
speaking, the yellow-forming couplers are illustrated in the
specifications of U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,265,506, 3,409,439, 3,551,155,
3,551,156 and 3,582,322; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 235,937
filed on Mar. 3, 1972; and Japanese Patent Application No.
3039/1972; the cyan-forming couplers are illustrated in the
specifications of U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,474,293 and 3,591,383; and
Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 11302/1967 and 27563/1964; the
magenta-forming couplers are illustrated in the specifications of
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,373,821, 2,899,443, 3,127,269, 3,468,666,
3,558,319 and 3,582,322; U.S. Patent application Ser. No. 199,337
filed on Nov. 16, 1971; and Belgian Pat. No. 697,112; the colored
couplers are illustrated in the specifications of U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,034,892, 3,459,552, 3,481,714, 3,459,552, and 3,583,971; and the
couplers having absorption spectrum at an infra-red region and
illustrated in the specifications of U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,530,349 and
2,545,687; and Japanese Patent Application No. 94265/1971.
Specific examples of these couplers are illustrated below:
##SPC3##
Examples of the oleophilic ultraviolet absorbents suitable for the
practice of this invention are described, for example, in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 2,739,888, 2,784,087 and 3,352,681; (a thiazolidone
derivative): U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,253,921 and 3,533,794, German
Offenlegungsschrift (OLS) No. 2,151,098 (corresponding to U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 189,013 filed on Oct. 13, 1971) and Japanese
Patent Publication OPI No. 1026/1972 (a 2-phenyl benzotriazole
derivative); German Offenlegungsschrift (OLS) No. 2,049,289
(corresponding to U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 78,710 filed on
Oct. 7, 1970) (an .alpha.-cyanocinnamic acid ester); German Patent
Publication (DAS) No. 1,087,902; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,685,512 and
3,250,617.
Several specific examples of the oleophilic ultraviolet absorbents
suitably used in the present invention are illustrated below:
##SPC4##
The above ultraviolet absorbents can be used together if desired,
e.g., as a combination of an .alpha.-cyanocinnamic acid ester and a
2-phenylbenzotriazole. Some of a 2-phenylbenzotriazole type
absorbent are commercially available under the trade name of
Tinuvin, made by Geigy A. G. in West Germany.
Further examples of the oleophilic materials used in the dispersion
system of the present invention are antioxidants, dye image
stabilizing agents, fluorescent brightening agents, dyes for silver
dye bleaching process, leuco dyes or color formers for pressure
sensitive copying sheet which are all oil-soluble or oleophilic as
commonly used in the photographic field. Specific examples of these
oleophilic materials are described, for example, in the following
specifications:
i. antioxidants: U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,336,327 and 2,360,290; German
Offenlegungsschrift (OLS) Nos. 2,110,521 (corresponding to U.S.
Pat. application Ser. No. 17,730 filed on Mar. 6, 1970 and
2,149,789; ii. dye image stabilizing agents: U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,432,300, 3,573,050 and 3,574,627; OLS Nos. 2,126,187; 2,126,954,
2,140,309 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 63,270
filed on Aug. 12, 1970) and 2,146,668 (corresponding to U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 182,558 filed on Sept. 21, 1971); U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 213,540 filed on Dec. 29, 1971; and British
Pat. No. 1,267,287; iii. fluorescent brightening agents: U.S. Pat.
No. 3,630,738; iv. dyes for a silver dye bleaching process: U.S.
Pat. No. 3,651,494; v. leuco dyes or color formers for pressure
sensitive copying sheet: U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,800,457 and
3,432,327.
In the present invention, a liquid oleophilic material can directly
be dispersed into an aqueous medium, and a solid oleophilic
material can preferably be dissolved prior to the dispersion with
heating or in an organic solvent to render it liquid. When an
oleophilic material having a melting point below that of water is
dissolved with heating, it is expedient to conduct this dissolution
under a mild condition.
The organic solvent for oleophilic materials used for dispersing
finely the oleophilic material in an aqueous medium is
advantageously such a solvent as conventionally used for dissolving
couplers in a gelatin containing medium, which is illustrated,
e.g., in U.S. Pat. Pat. Nos. 2,322,027 and 3,253,921.
More specifically, the organic solvent of the above type which is
substantially water-immiscible and has a boiling point of higher
than about 175.degree.C at normal pressure can be selected from
carboxylic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, carboxylic amides,
ethers, carbonates, ketones, sulfonamides and substituted
hydrocarbons. Specific examples of such organic solvents are
di-n-butyl phthalate, di-iso-octyl phthalate, di-methoxyethyl
phthalate, tricresyl phthalate, benzyl phthalate, di-n-butyl
adipate, di-iso-octyl azelate, tri-n-butyl citrate, butyl laurate,
di-n-butyl sebacate, tricresyl phosphate, tri-n-butyl phosphate,
tri-iso-octyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, diphenyl
mono-p-tert-butyl phenyl phosphate, mono-o-chlorophenyl phosphate,
N, N-diethylcaprylic amide, N, N-dimethylpalmitic amide, n-butyl
m-pentadecylphenyl ether, ethyl 2,4-tertbutylphenyl ether, and
chlorinated paraffin.
In addition to the above described organic solvents, a hydrophobic
liquid which is mixed with an oleophilic material and is dispersed
in an aqueous medium can also be used. Examples of the hydrophobic
liquid includes, castor oils, arachic oil, whale oil, turpentine
oil, lard, dynamo oil, spindle oil, silicone oil, etc.
Among those organic solvents, di-n-butyl phthalate, tri-cresyl
phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, dichlorodiphenyl and chlorinated
paraffin are particularly preferred.
It is sometimes advantageous in the present invention to use a
low-boiling solvent or a water-miscible solvent with or in addition
to the above-described organic solvents for dissolving the
oloephilic materials. The organic solvents are disclosed in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 3,253,921 and 3,574,627. Examples of such solvents
include:
1. Low-boiling solvents, such as propylene carbonate, methyl,
ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl acetates, ethyl propionate,
nitromethane, nitroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,
sec-butyl alcohol, etc. and
2. Water-miscible solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone,
dimethylformamide, diethyl sulfoxide, methyl cellosolve, methyl
isobutyl ketone, diethylene glycol monoacetate, acetonyl acetone,
ethylene glycol, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and the like.
The aqueous medium which can be used in this invention can be
selected from aqueous solutions containing hydrophilic colloid
materials, such as gelatin, albumin, collodion, gum arabic,
agar-agar, alginic acid, cellulose derivatives (e.g., the alkyl
esters of carboxylated cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose,
carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, etc.), synthetic resins
(e.g., polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, etc.) and others
well known in the art.
The term "gelatin" used in the present invention includes an
acid-treated gelatin, a lime-treated gelatin, an enzyme-treated
gelatin and gelatin derivatives modified with an agent such as an
acylating agent, e.g., acetylated gelatin, phthalated gelatin,
succinated gelatin, etc. The hydrophilic colloid materials having
higher molecular weight are suitable especially for preparing a
finer dispersion, since such a property as a protective layer is
enhanced as a molecular weight increases. A gelatin having an
average molecular weight more than 30,000 is particularly
effective.
These hydrophilic colloid materials can be used either alone or in
combination.
As the dispersing means used for practicing the present invention,
suitably there can be used any means which is capable of giving a
large shearing force to the liquid to be treated or giving rise to
high ultrasonic energy. Among these various means, a colloid mill,
a homogenizer, a capillary-type emulsifying means, a liquid siren,
an electromagnetic striction type sonic wave generator, an
emulsifying means equipped with a Pohleman whistle, etc., give
better results.
The amounts added of the anionic active agent and the nonionic
surface active agent used in the practice of this invention depend
upon the nature of the oleophilic materials used, the kind and
amount of the solvent for dispersion, and the type of color
photographic light-sensitive material prepared, but an especially
effective amount of them ranges from 0.5 to 50 wt.% based on the
weight of the oleophilic materials used, and preferably from 5 to
40 wt.% to give the most effective result. In general, the amounts
added of the anionic surface active agent and the nonionic surface
active agent are preferably equivalent. The anionic surface active
agent was found to have a tendency of improving finely dispersing
an oleophilic material when added in a small amount such as 0.2 wt.
%, while the nonionic surface active agent was found to have a
tendency to improve the storage stability of the resulting
dispersion when added in an amount more than 1 wt.%. Both of these
anionic surface active agent and nonionic surface active agent give
a synergistic effect when used in combination and the amounts
described above are not critical.
The present invention has the following effects and advantages.
That is to say, by using the aforesaid nonionic surface active
agent and anionic surface active agent as described above according
to the present invention, the oleophilic materials can be dispersed
finely by emulsification in a photographic emulsion without
reducing the photographic properties and, further, by using the
emulsified dispersion thus prepared, excellent photographic
light-sensitive materials can be obtained.
The nonionic surface active agent used in this invention
contributes to minimize remarkably the formation of bubbles and
foam in the dispersion and an anionic surface active agent and to
facilitate the dispersion process. This fact will be clearly
confirmed by the experimental results of Example 3 described
hereinafter.
By using the nonionic surface active agent of this type, it becomes
possible to disperse oleophilic materials as finer particles. This
is believed to be due to, in addition to the above-described
increase in the efficiency of dispersion by the reduction in the
formation of foam, the reduction in the surface tension between the
oil phase and aqueous phase to a quite low level by the
co-operation of the hydrophilic material, the anionic surface
active agent, and the nonionic surface active agent. The fact that
fine dispersed particles are formed by the use of the nonionic
surface active agent of this type will become clear from the
results of the examples of this invention shown hereinafter.
Because the dispersion of oleophilic materials can be facilitated
by the present invention, the amount of the anionic surface active
agent used in the dispersion of these materials can be reduced. If
a large proportion of an anionic surface active agent is present in
a photographic emulsion at the coating thereof, the surface tension
of the coating liquid is extremely reduced and thus when two or
more photographic emulsions are coated simultaneously, the coatings
tend to become uneven in thickness. On the other hand, because the
amount of the anionic surface active agent in the present invention
is less, the multilayer coating for color photographic
light-sensitive materials can be uniformly and easily
practiced.
Furthermore, because the nonionic surface active agent used in this
invention is slightly soluble in water and has a low HLB value, the
photographic emulsion containing the surface active agent has less
foaming tendency and the stability of the emulsified dispersion is
improved. However, when the nonionic surface active agent is
incorporated alone in a photographic emulsion and the photographic
emulsion is coated on a support, the coating liquid tends to be
repelled on the support, is not easily spread over the surface of
the support, and thus uneven coatings are obtained.
Thus, by the combination of the anionic surface active agent and
the nonionic surface active agent in the dispersion system of this
invention, a fine degree of dispersion and a uniform coating can be
attained simultaneously.
As described above, the advantage of using the nonionic surface
active agent and the anionic surface active agent in accordance
with the present invention would not have been expected or
anticipated from the nature or the effect of each of the surface
active agents alone.
The present invention now will be explained in greater detail by
reference to the following Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
A solution prepared in heating to about 50.degree.C a mixture of 10
g of the above-described ultraviolet absorbent U-1, 0.5 g of the
above-described nonionic surface active agent N-1, 20 ml of dibutyl
phthalate, and 15 ml of ethyl acetate was poured in 100 ml of an
aqueous 10% gelatin solution containing 0.4 g of sodium
dodecylsulfate (A-1) with stirring and dispersed by stirring for
about 5 minutes in a high speed rotary mixer at 10,000 r.p.m.
Using an electron microscope the mean particle size of the
ultraviolet absorbent in the dispersion was confirmed to be about
0.28 micron and the ultraviolet absorbent was confirmed to be
dispersed therein as fine oil drops. In addition, when the nonionic
surface active agent in this invention was not added to the
dispersion, the mean particle size of the ultraviolet absorbent in
the dispersion prepared in the same manner as described above was
about 0.8 micron.
EXAMPLE 2
Two parts of a solution each containing 3 g of the above-described
ultraviolet absorbent U-1, 3 g of the ultraviolet absorbent U-5, 6
g of the ultraviolet absorbent U-7, 20 ml of dibutyl phthalate, and
10 ml of ethyl acetate were prepared and after adding 0.5 g of the
nonionic surface active agent N-2 described above and 0.5 g of a
known or conventional oil-soluble nonionic surface active agent,
sorbitan monolaurate, respectively, to each solution, each solution
was heated to about 50.degree.C and allowed to stand for 30
minutes. Each solution was poured in 100 ml of an aqueous 10%
gelatin solution containing 0.4g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate
A-12 and the mixture was dispersed by stirring it for 5 minutes
using a high speed rotary mixer at 10,000 r.p.m. Thus, two kinds of
dispersion were prepared.
The results obtained were as follows; that is to say, when the
mixture of sorbitan monolaurate, the ultraviolet absorbent U-1, the
ultraviolet absorbent U-5, the ultraviolet absorbent U-7, dibutyl
phthalate, and ethyl acetate was heated to 50.degree.C, the mixture
immediately became a completely transparent solution but when the
solution was allowed to stand for 30 minutes at 50.degree.C,
crystals again were formed. Furthermore, when the temperature of
the system was raised to 60.degree.C, the crystals were not
re-dissolved. On the other hand, for the mixture containing the
nonionic surface active agent of this invention (N-2) no crystals
formed and the mixture retained its transparency when it was
allowed to stand for 30 minutes. When the mean particle size of
each of the dispersion prepared above was measured using an
electron microscope, coarse particles of 50 microns were observed
among particles of 0.65 micron in the dispersion containing the
conventional nonionic surface active agent, sorbitan monolaurate,
while the mean particle size of the dispersion containing the
nonionic surface active agent of this invention was about 0.3
micron, there were no particles of greater than one micron, and the
ultraviolet absorbents in the dispersion were dispersed very
finely. Also when the dispersion containing the nonionic surface
active agent of this invention was allowed to stand in a cooling
box for 20 days at 7.degree.C, the mean particle size was observed
to be 0.3 micron, which showed the maintenance of stable dispersed
condition.
EXAMPLE 3
A solution prepared by heating to 60.degree.C a mixture of 20 g of
the above-described cyan-forming coupler C-2, 40 ml of di-n-butyl
phthalate, and the above-described nonionic surface active agent
N-1 in the amount shown in Table 1 was poured in 200 ml of an
aqueous solution containing 15 g of gelatin and 2.0 g of sodium
dodecylbenzene sulfonate (A-12) maintained at 60.degree.C and the
mixture was dispersed by stirring it for 0 minutes using a high
speed agitator at 2,000 r.p.m.
The entire amount of the dispersion prepared was allowed to stand
for 10 minutes in a graduated cylinder and the apparent volume of
the dispersion with foam was measured, the results of which are
shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Amount of Nonionic 0
0.4 0.8 1.6 Surface Active Agent (g) Total Volume of above 500 350
290 270 Dispersion (ml) ______________________________________
The above results confirmed the following. In the dispersion which
did not contain the nonionic surface active agent N-1, the
dispersion foamed greatly, the entire dispersion contained foam to
such extent that the dispersion portion became indistinguishable
from the foam portion, and thus a defoaming procedure became
inevitable prior to the coating of the dispersion on the support.
On the other hand, the dispersion containing more than 0.8 g of the
nonionic surface active agent showed almost no foaming and thus
when the dispersion immediately after dispersing was added to a
photographic emulsion and the latter was coated on a support, an
emulsion layer having no pin holes could be obtained.
Then, the above experiment was repeated while varying the amount of
the anionic surface active agent A-12, each of the dispersions thus
prepared was diluted with water, and the turbidity of the diluted
dispersion was measured. From the wave length dependence of the
turbidity, the mean particle size was obtained, the results of
which are shown in Table 2 with the use of sorbitan monolaurate
(the compound described in the specification of French Pat. No.
2,016,225) also being described for the purposes of comparison.
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ (Particle Size
(.mu.) of Coupler Particles) Amount of Sorbi- Amount of N-1 tan
Monolaurate ______________________________________ (g) (g) (A) 0
0.4 0.8 1.6 0.8 ______________________________________ (i) (ii)
(iii) (iv) (xvii) 0.5 0.67 0.48 0.42 0.32 0.44 (v) (vi) (vii)
(viii) (xviii) 1.0 0.45 0.35 0.32 0.28 0.32 (ix) (x) (xi) (xii)
(xix) 1.5 0.37 0.28 0.21 0.19 0.23 (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) (xx) 2.0
0.30 0.21 0.19 0.19 0.19 ______________________________________
(A): Amount in grams (g) of the anionic surface active agent A-12.
?
In the dispersion (vii) and the dispersion (xiii) shown in Table 2,
the coupler was dispersed as particles of almost same particle
size. Also, the coupler was dispersed in both dispersions almost
the same as employing sorbitan monolaurate. However, the amount of
the anionic surface active agent in the dispersion (xiii) was twice
as large as that in the dispersion (vii). By using both dispersions
the following color photographic emulsions were prepared.
______________________________________ Red-sensitive Silver Halide
500 g Emulsion (containing 0.18 mole of silver chloride and 35 g of
gelatin) Coupler Dispersion 175 ml Water 150 ml
______________________________________
When the coupler dispersion (xiii) was added, the surface tension
of the silver halide emulsion was reduced to 34 dyne/cm, while when
the coupler dispersion (vii) was added, the surface tension of the
silver halide emulsion was 40 dyne/cm. Each of the two kinds of
silver halide emulsions was coated on a triacetyl cellulose film
base as a first layer followed by gelling by cooling and then an
aqueous solution containing 0.25 g of saponin and 2.0 g of gelatin
per 100 ml of the solution was coated on the layer at 30.degree.C
and at a speed of 10 meters/min.
In those cases, the aqueous gelatin solution as the second coating
could be coated uniformly over the surface of the silver halide
emulsion containing the dispersion (vii), while the aqueous gelatin
solution was partially repelled on the surface of the silver halide
emulsion layer containing the dispersion (xiii) and could not be
uniformly coated on the layer.
As illustrated above, by using the nonionic surface active agent
according to the present invention, not only could the coupler be
finely dispersed but also the coating of a silver halide emulsion
containing the emulsified dispersion of the coupler could be
facilitated.
EXAMPLE 4
The following three kinds of coupler dispersion were prepared.
(Dispersion a)
A coupler solution prepared by heating a mixture of 10 g of the
above-described cyan-forming coupler C-2, 0.5 g of the above
described nonionic surface active agent N-2, 20 ml of tri-o-cresyl
phosphate, and 14 ml of ethyl acetate was poured with stirring into
100 ml of an aqueous 10 wt. % gelatin solution containing 0.4 g of
the above-described sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate A-12 and the
mixture was dispersed by stirring for 5 minutes using a high speed
rotary mixer.
(Dispersion b)
A solution prepared by heating a mixture of 10 g of the
above-described magenta-forming coupler M-5, 0.5 g of the
above-described nonoinic surface active agent N-4, 30 ml of
tri-o-cresyl phosphate, and 10 ml of ethyl acetate was added to 100
ml of an aqueous solution containing 0.7 g of the anionic surface
active agent A-9 and 7 g of gelatin at 60.degree.C and the mixture
was dispersed with stirring for 10 minutes in a high speed
mixer.
(Dispersion c)
A solution prepared by heating to 65.degree.C a mixture of 15 g of
the above-described yellow-forming coupler Y-5, 0.5 g of the
above-described nonionic surface active agent N-4, 20 ml of
di-n-butyl phthalate, and 30 ml of ethyl acetate was added to 300
ml of an aqueous solution containing 25 g of gelatin and 0.5 g of
the yellow-forming coupler having a sulfo group at 60.degree.C and
the mixture was mechanically stirred vigorously for 30 minutes
using a homogenizer.
It was confirmed using an electron microscope that the coupler had
been dispersed together with the solvent as fine oil drops having a
particle size of 0.1-0.4 microns in each of the three kinds of
coupler dispersions prepared above. Furthermore, these dispersions
were stable and neither the coagualtion of the colloid particles
nor the growth of particles nor the crystallization of the coupler
were observed.
The entire amount of the dispersion (a) prepared as described above
was added to 360 g of a red-sensitive emulsion containing 0.11 mole
of silver iodobromide and 18 g of gelatin; the entire amount of the
dispersion (b) was added to 540 g of a green-sensitive emulsion
containing 0.22 mole of silver iodobromide and 45 g of gelatin; and
further the entire amount of the dispersion (c) was added to 500 g
of a blue-sensitive emulsion containing 0.18 mole of silver
iodobromide and 50 g of gelatin.
An aqueous gelatin solution containing black colloidal silver was
coated on a triacetyl cellulose film base in the dry thickness of 3
microns, the above-described red-sensitive emulsion was coated on
the gelatin layer in a dry thickness of 4 microns, an aqueous
gelatin solution containing low-sensitive silver chlorobromide
particles was coated on the red-sensitive emulsion layer in a
thickness of 1.5 microns as an intermediate layer, the
above-described green-sensitive emulsion was further coated on the
intermediate layer in a thickness of 4 microns, an aqueous gelatin
solution containing yellow colloidal silver was further coated on
the green-sensitive layer in a thickness of 2 microns as a yellow
filter layer, the above described blue-sensitive emulsion was
coated on the filter layer in a thickness of 6 microns, and finally
an aqueous gelatin solution was coated on the blue-sensitive layer
in a thickness of 1 micron to give a color photographic negative
film. In this case triethylene phosphamide was used as the
hardening agent for the gelatin.
When the color photographic film thus prepared was exposed and
processed as shown below, a color negative having sharp colors and
high transparency was obtained.
______________________________________ Color Developing
Processings: Process Temperature Time
______________________________________ Color Development
21.degree.C 14 min. Water Washing 18.degree.C 1 min. First Fixing
21.degree.C 4 min. Water Washing 18.degree.C 3 min. Bleaching
21.degree.C 3 min. Water Washing 18.degree.C 2 min. Second Fixing
21.degree.C 3 min. Water Washing 18.degree.C 20 min.
______________________________________
The composition for the color developing solution used in the above
color development was as follows:
Color Developing Solution ______________________________________
Water 1 liter Benzyl Alcohol 4.0 ml Sodium Hexametaphosphate 2.0 g
Anhydrous Sodium Sulfite 2.0 g
4-Amino-N-ethyl-N-(.beta.-methanesulfone- 5.0 g
amidoethyl)-m-toluidine.sesquisulfate Postassium Bromide 1.0 g
Sodium Carbonate.monohydrate 4.0 g
______________________________________
Also, an acid aqueous solution containing sodium thiosuflate and
sodium sulfite was used as the fixing solution and a neutral
aqueous solution containing potassium ferricyanide was used as the
bleaching solution in the above procedures.
EXAMPLE 5
The following three kinds of coupler solutions were prepared.
Dispersion d
15 g of the above-described yellow-forming coupler Y-4 was melted
by heating in boiling water. After adding 0.8 ml of a 30% ethanol
solution of the above-described nonionic surface active agent N-7
to an aqueous solution containing 0.6 g of the above-described
anionic surface active agent A-9 and 30 g of gelatin at
75.degree.C, the coupler melted above was added to the mixture. The
resultant mixture was treated six times using a small-scale colloid
mill preheated to a temperature above 80.degree.C by passing it
through hot water.
(Dispersion e)
A solution prepared by heating a mixture of 15 g of the
above-described magenta-forming coupler M-1, 1.0 g of the
above-described nonionic surface active agent N-3, 1.2 g of the
above-described anionic surface active agent A-13, 10 ml of
tri-o-cresyl phthalate, and 50 ml of butyl acetate was added to 200
ml of an aqueous 10% gelatin solution and the mixture was treated
for 20 minutes using an electromagnetic striction-type ultrasonic
wave generator of 20 K Hz.
(Dispersion f)
A solution prepared by heating a mixture of 100 g of the
above-described cyan-forming coupler C-6, 5 g of the
above-described nonionic surface active agent N-9, 150 ml of
di-n-butyladipate, and 250 ml of butyl acetate was added with
stirring to 1.5 liters of an aqueous solution containing 7 g of the
water-soluble cyan-forming coupler A-18 and 100 g of gelatin and
the mixture was treated 20 times using an emulsifying device having
a Pohlman whistle.
It was confirmed that in each of the three kinds of the coupler
dispersions, the coupler had been dispersed as fine oil drops
having particle sizes of less than 0.4 microns.
The entire amount of the dispersion (d) prepared above was added to
1 kg of a blue-sensitive emulsion containing 50 g of gelatin and
0.25 mole of silver chlorobromide; the entire amount of the
dispersion (e) was added to 800 g of a green-sensitive emulsion
containing 60 g of gelatin and 0.22 mole of silver chlorobromide;
and 500 g of the dispersion (f) was added to 1 kg of a
red-sensitive emulsion containing 70 g of gelatin and 0.27 mole of
silver chlorobromide.
The blue-sensitive emulsion prepared above was coated on a
photographic baryta-coated paper in a dry thickness of 5 microns,
an aqueous solution was coated on the blue-sensitive emulsion layer
in a thickness of 1 micron as a first intermediate layer, the
green-sensitive emulsion prepared above was coated on the
intermediate layer in a thickness of 4 microns, an aqueous gelatin
solution was coated on the green-sensitive emulsion layer as a
second intermediate layer in a thickness of 1 micron, the
red-sensitive emulsion prepared above was coated on the second
intermediate layer in a thickness of 4 microns, and further an
aqueous gelatin solution having dispersed therein the same
ultraviolet absorbent as described in Example 1 was coated on the
red-sensitive emulsion layer in a thickness of 1 micron as a
protective layer to give a color photographic paper. In this case,
triethylene phosphamide was used as a hardening agent for
gelatin.
During the processes of preparing the photographic emulsions and
the color photographic papers, neither a remarkable formation of
foam nor the formation of uneven coatings were observed and a
uniform light-sensitive materials could be obtained.
When the color photographic paper was exposed through a color
negative and processed as described in Example 4, a color print
having sharp colors was obtained.
EXAMPLE 6
A solution prepared by heating at 60.degree.C a mixture of 0.5 of
the above-described colored coupler L-1, 1.0 g of the cyan-forming
coupler C-12, 0.03 g of the nonionic surface active agent N-1, 3 ml
of tri-o-cresyl phosphate, and 4 ml of tetrahydrofuran was
dispersed by emulsification in 20 ml of an aqueous solution
containing 0.1 g of the anionic surface active agent A-11 and 20 g
of gelatin using a small-scale homoblender. The entire amount of
the dispersion thus prepared was added to 100 g of a red-sensitive
emulsion containing 7.0 g of gelatin and 3.3 .times. 10.sup..sup.-2
mole of silver chlorobromide. The resultant emulsion was coated on
a triacetyl cellulose film base having an antihalation layer in a
dry thickness of 5 microns and dried to give a sample film. When
the light-sensitive film thus prepared was exposed to a figure
formed by writing on a white paper with a black ink and processed
as described in Example 4, a slide for display having sharp lines
and characters on a blue background and having high transparency
was obtained.
EXAMPLE 7
A solution prepared by heating to about 50.degree.C, a mixture of
10 g of an antioxidant, 2,5-di-tert-butyl hydroquinone, 0.5 g of
the above-described nonionic surface active agent N-1, 15 ml of
dibutyl phthalate and 15 ml of ethyl acetate was poured in 100 ml
of an aqueous 10 % gelatin solution containing 0.4 g of sodium
dodecylsulfate (A-1) with stirring and dispersed by stirring for
about 5 minutes in a high speed rotary mixer at 10,000 r.p.m. The
mean particle size of the antioxidant in the dispersion was about
0.45 .mu. and the antioxidant was uniformly dispersed therein as
fine oil drops. When the dispersion was allowed to stand in a
cooling box for 2 weeks at 7.degree.C, the mean particle size was
observed to be 0.48 .mu..
On the other hand, the mean particle size of the antioxidant in a
dispersion prepared in a similar manner as described above except
that the nonionic surface active agent N-1 was not contained, was
found to be 0.47 .mu.. However, when the dispersion was allowed to
stand in a cooling box for 2 weeks at 7.degree.C, the particle size
of the antioxidant became 0.65.infin.. The fine crystals of the
antioxidant were observed using an electron microscope. When a
combination of the nonionic and anionic surface active agent in
this invention was employed, no crystals of the antioxidant were
formed and the particle size of the antioxidant was almost
unchanged.
EXAMPLE 8
A nitro dye (0.2 g) having the following formula: ##SPC5##
0.1 g of the above-described nonionic surface active agent N-1, 0.1
g of the above-described anionic surface active agent (A-11) and
2.0 ml of tri-o-cresyl phosphate were melted by heating. The
solution thus obtained was poured in 10 ml of an aqueous 10 wt. %
gelatin solution with stirring and dispersed by stirring for about
5 minutes in a high speed rotary mixer at 10,000 r.p.m. the mean
particle size of the nitro dye in the dispersion was about 0.3 .mu.
and the nitro dye was dispersed therein as uniform fine oil drops.
When the dispersion was allowed to stand in a cooling box for 20
days at 7.degree.C, no growth of the particle size was observed and
the dispersion showed the maintenance of stable dispersed
condition.
A dispersion was prepared in the same manner as described above
except using an azo dye of the following formula in place of the
above nitro dye: ##SPC6##
The dispersion showed the maintenance of stable dispersed
condition. The dispersion thus obtained can be incorporated in a
light-sensitive silver halide emulsion to give a photographic
emulsion for a silver dye bleaching process disclosed, for example,
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,615,494.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference
to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled
in the art that various changes and modifications can be made
therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
* * * * *