U.S. patent number 3,859,968 [Application Number 05/389,992] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-14 for supercharged engines.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Power Research & Development, Inc.. Invention is credited to Donald E. Stinebaugh.
United States Patent |
3,859,968 |
Stinebaugh |
January 14, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
SUPERCHARGED ENGINES
Abstract
A fuel-air mixture is supercharged by a stuffed crankcase of an
engine and is forced into a large volume reservoir from which it is
metered by a throttle to intake valves of the engine. The fuel-air
mixture in a carburetor is adjusted automatically by vacuum and/or
mechanical linkage in accordance with air flow through the
carburetor. Oil is forced from a sump in the reservoir by the
pressure of supercharged mixture in the reservoir, through small
orifices in an oil line to lubricate the engine. A second engine
has radically cammed intake valves in addition to conventionally
cammed valves, and valving provided between a large volume
reservoir and the radically cammed valves is closed at engine
speeds below 4,500 r.p.m. and is opened at speeds above 4,500
r.p.m.
Inventors: |
Stinebaugh; Donald E. (Post
Falls, ID) |
Assignee: |
Power Research & Development,
Inc. (Spokane, WA)
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Family
ID: |
26833509 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/389,992 |
Filed: |
August 20, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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135627 |
Apr 20, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
123/317; 123/73V;
123/562; 123/432 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02B
33/36 (20130101); F02M 35/10157 (20130101); F02M
35/10288 (20130101); F01M 1/04 (20130101); F02B
1/00 (20130101); F02B 33/26 (20130101); F01M
3/04 (20130101); F02M 35/10196 (20130101); Y02T
10/12 (20130101); F02B 2275/20 (20130101); F02B
2720/124 (20130101); F02F 2001/245 (20130101); F02B
2075/027 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F01M
3/00 (20060101); F02B 1/00 (20060101); F01M
1/04 (20060101); F02B 33/26 (20060101); F02B
33/36 (20060101); F02B 33/02 (20060101); F01M
1/00 (20060101); F01M 3/04 (20060101); F02M
35/10 (20060101); F02B 33/00 (20060101); F02B
75/02 (20060101); F02F 1/24 (20060101); F02b
075/02 (); F02d 033/02 (); F02n 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/75CC,75EC,75B,75R,73V,97B,119C,119CB,119CA |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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829,512 |
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Apr 1938 |
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FR |
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337,021 |
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Feb 1936 |
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IT |
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Primary Examiner: Burns; Wendell E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Klarquist, Sparkman, Campbell,
Leigh, Hall & Whinston
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 135,627 filed Apr.
20, 1971, now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a supercharged engine,
a block having a plurality of cylinders,
a plurality of pistons movable in the cylinders,
crankshaft means driven by the pistons,
the pistons having a predetermined displacement volume when
reciprocated,
a reservoir having a volume at least several times as great as said
displacement volume of the pistons,
supply means including supercharging means for supplying a fuel-air
mixture under pressure to the reservoir,
a plurality of short intake passages connecting the reservoir to
the cylinders,
a plurality of intake valve means for connecting the passages to
the cylinders,
a plurality of manually controlled throttle means in the passages
positioned close to the intake valves for controlling the flow from
the reservoir to the cylinders,
the supply means including carburetor means supplying the fuel-air
mixture and control means for keeping the proportions of fuel and
air supplied by the carburetor means substantially constant.
2. The supercharged engine of claim 1 including a crankcase and
wherein the supply means includes first valving connecting the
carburetor means to the crankcase and second valving connecting the
crankcase to the reservoir.
3. The supercharged engine of claim 2 wherein the first and second
valvings comprise check valves.
4. The supercharged engine of claim 2 including pump means for
pumping supercharged fuel-air mixture from the crankcase into the
reservoir.
5. The supercharged engine of claim 1 including an inlet to the
reservoir directed toward the throttle means.
6. The supercharged engine of claim 5 wherein the reservoir has a
curved surface tangential with the inlet and the throttle
means.
7. The supercharged engine of claim 1 wherein the carburetor means
includes an adjustable venturi, and means responsive to pressure in
the venturi for adjusting the venturi.
8. The supercharged engine of claim 1 wherein the carburetor means
includes adjustable needle valve means for controlling fuel flow,
and means responsive to pressure in the throat of the carburetor
means for adjusting the needle valve means.
9. The supercharged engine of claim 1 including a crankcase having
an inlet opening and an outlet opening to the reservoir, and a
valve insert including a valve body having ports and mounted in one
of the openings and a plurality of reed valve members mounted on
the valve body in normal positions closing the ports and movable by
pressure to positions opening the ports.
10. The supercharged engine of claim 9 wherein the body is flanged
and tapered with the flange fitting into a counterbored portion of
said one of the openings.
11. The supercharged engine of claim 1 wherein the reservoir is
mounted on the block and has fins for cooling the supercharged
fuel-air mixture.
12. The supercharged engine of claim 1 including linkage means
interlocking the manually controlled throttle means and the control
means.
13. In a supercharged engine,
a block having cylinders,
pistons movable in the cylinders,
crankshaft means driven by the pistons,
the pistons having a predetermined displacement volume when a
reservoir having a volume at least several times as great as said
displacement volume of the pistons,
supply means including carburetor means and supercharging means for
supplying a fuel-air mixture under pressure to the reservoir,
and intake valve means for connecting the reservoir to the
cylinders,
the intake valve means including normally timed intake valves and
radically timed intake valves.
14. The supercharged engine of claim 13 including valve means for
permitting flow to the radically timed valves only at speeds
greater than a predetermined speed.
15. The supercharged engine of claim 13 wherein the radically
cammed valves comprises valve ports and valve members adapted to
open and close the ports, the valve means including manifold
passages leading to the valve ports and gate valves adapted to
close the passages at a speed up to said predetermined speed.
16. In a supercharged engine, a block having cylinder means,
piston means movable in the cylinder means,
crankshaft means driven by the pistons means,
the piston means having a predetermined displacement volume when
reciprocated,
a reservoir having a volume at least several times as great as said
displacement volume of the piston means,
supply means including crankcase supercharging means for supplying
a fuel-air mixture under pressure to the reservoir,
intake valve means for connecting the reservoir to the cylinder
means,
an oil sump portion having oil therein exposed to the pressure of
the fuel-air mixture in the reservoir,
and oil passage means leading from the oil sump portion to moving
parts of the engine.
17. The supercharged engine of claim 16 including a camshaft
housing, the oil passage means including a line from the sump
portion to the camshaft housing and nozzle means connected to the
line.
18. The supercharged engine of claim 17 including a second sump
portion in the camshaft housing, a crankcase, and a second line
leading from the second sump portion to the crankcase.
19. The supercharged engine of claim 18 including second nozzles
connected to the second line and directed upwardly into the
cylinder means.
20. In a supercharged engine,
a block having cylinders,
piston means movable in the cylinders,
crankshaft means driven by the piston means,
the piston means having a predetermined displacement volume when
reciprocated,
a reservoir having a volume at least several times as great as said
displacement volume of the piston means,
supply means including carburetor means and supercharging means for
supplying a fuel-air mixture under pressure to the reservoir,
intake valve means for connecting the reservoir to the cylinder
means,
a crankcase,
unidirectional valve means connecting the carburetor means to the
crankcase,
and second stage supercharging means in series with the crankcase,
to reservoir and the intake valve means.
21. The supercharged engine of claim 20 wherein the second stage
supercharging means comprises a vane pump driven by the engine at a
speed proportional to the speed of the crankshaft.
22. In a supercharged engine,
a block having a plurality of cylinders,
a plurality of pistons movable in the cylinders,
crankshaft means driven by the pistons,
a reservoir having a volume at least several times as great as said
displacement volume of the pistons,
supply means including supercharging means for supplying a fuel-air
mixture under pressure to the reservoir,
a plurality of short intake passages connecting the cylinders
individually to the reservoir,
a plurality of intake valves for connecting the intake passages to
the cylinders,
and a plurality of manually controlled interlocked throttles in the
intake passages close to the valves for controlling flows of the
fuel-air mixture individually in the passages.
23. The supercharged engine of claim 22 including a crankcase, a
carburetor, first check valve means permitting flow from the
carburetor to the crankcase, second check valve means permitting
flow from the crankcase to the reservoir, and control means for
adjusting the carburetor to keep the fuel-air mixture substantially
constant over a wide range of air flow through the carburetor.
24. The supercharged engine of claim 23 wherein the control means
comprises throttle means in the carburetor and mechanical linkage
means interconnecting the throttles and the throttle means.
25. The supercharged engine of claim 23 wherein the control means
comprises means responsive to rate of flow of air through the
carburetor for adjusting the fuel flow.
26. In a four-stroke cycle supercharged engine,
a block having cylinder means,
piston means movable in the cylinder means,
crankshaft means driven by the piston means,
the piston means having a predetermined displacement volume when
reciprocated,
a reservoir having a volume at least several times as great as said
displacement volume of the piston means,
a crankcase,
supply means including crankcase supercharging means for supplying
a fuel-air mixture under pressure to the reservoir,
short intake passage means connecting the reservoir to the cylinder
means,
intake valve means for connecting the passage means to the cylinder
means,
manually controlled throttle means in the passage means positioned
close to the intake valve means for controlling the flow from the
reservoir to the cylinder means,
the supply means including carburetor means supplying the fuel-air
mixture to the crankcase and keeping the proportions of fuel and
air supplied substantially constant,
first check valve means permitting flow from the carburetor means
to the crankcase,
and second check valve means permitting flow from the crankcase to
the reservoir.
27. The supercharged engine of claim 26 including a throttle in the
carburetor means and mechanical linkage means interconnecting the
throttle and the throttle means.
28. The supercharged engine of claim 26 wherein the carburetor
means includes means responsive to rate of flow of air through the
carburetor means for adjusting the fuel flow.
Description
DESCRIPTION
This invention relates to supercharged engines, and more
particularly to reservoired supercharged engines.
An object of the invention is to provide new and improved
supercharged engines.
Another object of the invention is to provide reservoired
supercharged engines.
A further object of the invention is to provide a supercharged
engine having a supercharged fuel-air reservoir of a volume several
times that of the displacement of the engine.
Another object of the invention is to provide a supercharged engine
having a supercharged fuel-air reservoir and a throttle between the
reservoir and intake valving of the engine.
Another object of the invention is to provide a supercharged engine
having a reservoir mounted on and connecting a crankcase and a head
of the engine.
Another object of the invention is to provide a supercharged engine
having a check valve assembly attachable as a unit to a crankcase
of the engine.
Another object of the invention is to provide a supercharged engine
having a carburetor having a needle valve in its throat controlling
the fuel-air mixture by flow of air through the throat via vacuum
and/or mechanical linkage.
Another object of the invention is to provide a supercharged engine
including a reservoir of a supercharged fuel-air mixture and a
lubrication system wherein the pressure of the mixture is utilized
to feed oil through the system.
Another object of the invention is to provide a supercharged engine
having a first set of conventionally cammed intake valving and a
second set of radically cammed intake valving paralleling the first
set and closed at low engine speeds.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a supercharged engine forming one
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fuel and air mixture flow to the
cylinder;
FIG. 5 is an elevational view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken along line
6--6 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a supercharged
engine forming an alternate embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken along line
8--8 of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of a supercharged engine
forming an alternate embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view of a supercharged engine
forming an alternate embodiment of the invention.
Referring now in detail to the drawings, there is shown in FIGS.
1-6 a supercharged engine 10 of the four-stroke cycle type and
forming one embodiment of the invention. The engine preferably has
two pistons 12 and 14 reciprocated in phase in cylinders 16 and 18,
and fired alternately by spark plugs 20 (FIG. 3) fired by a known
ignition system (not shown) driven in synchronism with the pistons.
One each upward stroke of the pistons 12 and 14, air is drawn into
inlets 22 (FIGS. 2 and 4) through carburetors 24 where the air is
mixed with fuel (gasoline) metered by needle valves 26 having vane
or baffle portions 27 forming variable venturis and controlled by
vacuum operated diaphragms 28 regulated by vacuum control lines 30
connected to throats 32 of the carburetors 24. If desired, the vane
portions 27 may be omitted to leave only the needle valve portions
of the valves 26. The fuel-air mixture is drawn through intake
manifolds 36 provided with vanes 38 to distribute the mixture of
reed-type check valves 40 and on into the crankcase 34.
Each of the valves 40 includes a flanged, V-shaped body or insert
42 that is retained between upper half 44 and lower half 46 of the
crankcase 34 by the intake manifold 36. The body 42 is provided
with passages 48 (FIG. 6) in each side through which the flow is
controlled in one direction only by flexible reeds 50 anchored at
their one end by rivets 52 with the free ends seating against
tapered portion 54 of the body 42. This permits the mixture to
enter the crankcase 34 but prevents the backward flow on the
downward stroke of the piston.
The crankcase 34 differs from usual crankcases in that the volume
has been reduced to a minimum (slightly greater than the piston
displacement) by filling pistons 12 and 14 and providing
counterweight stuffers 56 (FIG. 3) forming part of the crankshaft
58. The pistons 12 and 14 are attached to the crankshaft 58 by
connecting rods 60 pivoting on wrist pins 62 (FIG. 2) and journals
64.
On each down stroke of the pistons, the fuel-air mixture is
compressed and discharged from the crankcase 34 through reed-type
check valves 66 similar to valves 40 except that valves 66 permit
only flow out of the crankcase. Each of the reeds 68 is anchored at
one end to a V-shaped body 70 (FIG. 6) by a rivet 72 with the free
end of the reed seated against the flanged portions of the body 70
and normally closing off opening 74. The fuel-air mixture is
discharged from the reed valves 66 into updraft passages 76 leading
to a pressure tank or reservoir 78, which, with the passages 76 and
outlets 82, define a supercharging chamber. The volume of the
supercharging chamber is at least eight times the combined
displacement of the pistons in their strokes. The ends of the
reservoir 78 are closed by plates 79 (FIG. 5) held tightly in place
by a through-bolt 81 and sealed by "0" rings 83. As can be seen
from FIG. 2, a smooth, tangential flow of fuel-air mixture is had
around portion of the periphery of the reservoir 78 and out of the
outlet ports 82 to intake valve passages 84 of engine head 86. The
intake passages 84 are provided with manually controlled
butterfly-type throttle valves 88 (FIGS. 2 and 4) which provide
easy starting and quickly responsive control.
Intake valves 90 and exhaust valves 92 (FIG. 2) are operated by an
overhead cam and follower assembly 94 mounted in a camshaft housing
96 closed by a cover 98. A camshaft 100 (FIG. 3) mounted in
bearings in the housing 96 is provided with a sprocket 102, which
is driven by a sprocket 104 on the crankshaft 58 through a timing
chain 106. The chain and sprockets are encased by a cover 108. At
the opposite end of the camshaft 100, and operated thereby, is
mounted the ignition breaker point assembly 110. A fan 112 has a
hub 114 rotatably mounted on a stub shaft 116 secured to the upper
half of the crankcase 34. A V-belt 118 drives the fan 112 from a
pulley hub 120 on the crankshaft 58. A fan housing 122 encloses the
front end of the engine with an air passage 124 provided in the
face of the cover. A starter 126 is mounted by a bracket 128 on the
side of the engine 10. The starter 126 cranks the engine 10 by way
of a chain 130 and a sprocket 132. A clutching mechanism 134
connects the sprocket 132 to the crankshaft 58. The engine exhausts
through ports 136 to exhaust lines 138.
For lubrication, a supply of oil positioned in a sump portion 149
in the lower ends of the passages 76 (FIG. 2) is forced through
line 150 to an overhead line 152 having small, downwardly directed
nozzle holes in its bottom which mist the oil onto the camshaft
100, rocker arms and valves. The oil goes through the valves to the
cylinders and pistons and also lubricates the connecting rods and
crankshaft. The nozzle holes in the line 152 are sufficiently small
that the escape of oil therefrom has a negligible effect on the
pressure in the supercharging chamber.
A cap covered, pressure tight inlet 151 is provided for supplying
oil to the sump portion 149.
There is, of course, only a slight leakage from the reservoir past
the valves 90 and pistons 12, but this is sufficient to permit easy
starting after the engine has been stopped a few minutes. That is,
the high supercharged pressure in the reservoir is reduced by the
leakage when the engine is stopped for a few minutes to reduce the
compression for starting. However, once the engine has been
started, the pressure in the reservoir is built up to the normal
supercharged pressure very rapidly, for the most part a small
fraction of a minute. If desired, the reservoir may be provided
with a pressure relief outlet having a normally closed, manually
operable valve to relieve the reservoir pressure momentarily for
easy starting of the engine.
OPERATION
On the downstroke of the pistons 12 and 14 the fuel-air mixture in
the crankcase 34, which is well stuffed, is highly compressed and
is forced through the reed check valves 66 into the passages 76,
through the passages 76, and directly to the outlets 82 by flowing
tangentially around the inner periphery of the pressure tank 78 to
the outlets. During this stroke, one of the intake valves 90 is
open to one of the cylinders, and the fuel-air mixture flows past
the associated throttle 88 and into that cylinder, the piston in
the other cylinder making its power stroke. This charges the
cylinder being supplied with the supercharged mixture and the valve
90 is closed near the end of the downward stroke. Then, during the
upward stroke, the most recently fired cylinder 16 or 18 is
exhausted and the supercharged mixture in the other cylinder is
compressed, the upwardly moving pistons also drawing fuel-air
mixture from the carburetors 24 through the inlet check valves 40
into the crankcase 34. Then, on the next downstroke, the most
recently charged cylinder is fired and the most recently exhausted
cylinder is charged. The direct flow of the supercharged mixture
from the passages 76 to the outlets 82 and the position of the
throttles 88 substantially immediately adjacent the intake valves
90 make the engine quickly responsive to adjustments of the
throttles which, of course, are keyed to each other so as to always
be in positions identical to each other. The carburetor jets are
automatically controlled by the pressure changes in the carburetor
throats so as to supply fuel in proportion to the air being drawn
into the crankcase. The oil is fed through the lines 150 and 152 by
the supercharging pressure so that no oil pump is required, a
pressure sealed cap (not shown) being provided for introducing the
oil into the sump portion of the reservoir.
EMBODIMENTS OF FIGS. 7 AND 8
In FIGS. 7 and 8 an engine 210 forming an alternate embodiment of
the invention has a radically cammed valve assembly 212. The engine
210 is provided with supercharging passages 76' directing the
fuel-air mixture to a reservoir 78' as in the first embodiment. For
low speeds, those up to about 4,500 r.p.m., the fuel-air mixture is
fed to the cylinders 214 by way of ports 216 and normally cammed
intake valves 218 and is exhausted through valves 220 and ports
222. Low speed throttle valves 224 and high speed throttle valves
225 in ports 216 and 226 are operated simultaneously by a common
shaft 228 which is manually controlled. Pistons 230, connecting
rods 232 and piston rings 234 are of standard design and operation.
As can be seen from the drawings, low speed outlet passages 236
from the reservoir 78' are open whereas high speed passages 238 are
closed by cylindrical valve sleeves 240, thus preventing any flow
of fuel-air mixture from entering the cylinder 214. When the
engine's speed starts to exceed 4,500 r.p.m., a wire 242 responsive
to crankshaft speed automatically and gradually withdraws each
valve sleeve 240 along its guide 244 against the force of a spring
246 to open the high speed passages 238 to the throttle 225 and the
high speed intake valve 248. This arrangement permits rapid speed
change at the high level without starving the engine. The timings
of the radically cammed, high speed intake valves 248 are advanced
substantially over the timings of the low speed valves 218 as is
well known in the art.
EMBODIMENT OF FIG. 9
A supercharged engine 300 forming an alternate embodiment of the
invention includes a pair of pistons 302 in phase with one another
and is like the engine of FIGS. 1-6 except as brought out
hereinbelow. In the engine 300, fuel-air mixture is drawn from a
carburetor 304, through intake check valves 306 and into a stuffed
crankcase 308 on each upward stroke of the pistons, and is
compressed and forced out of outlet check valves 310 as the pistons
are moved downwardly. The supercharged mixture is moved upwardly
through large volume reservoir passages 312 to a rotary, vane type
pump 314 driven by and at the same speed as crankshaft 316. The
pump 314 has vanes 318 urged against cylindrical periphery 320 of
chamber 322 by springs 323, and further compresses the mixture and
feeds it through passages 324 and past manually controlled
butterfly valve-type throttles 326 to intake valves 328, the two
valves 328 being opened alternately, each on every other downstroke
of the pistons. Camshaft assembly 348 has a camshaft driven in
timed relationship by the crankshaft, and a distributor of an
ignition system (not shown) is driven in synchronism with the
crankshaft.
A groove 340 in the bottom of reservoir section 342 forms a sump
for oil which is forced through line 344 to an overhead misting
line 346 to lubricate camshaft assembly 348 and to be forced under
pressure from a sump 350 through nozzles 352 into the cylinders and
the crankcase.
Diaphragms 360, which are mounted by a bracket 361 on an intake
manifold 362 on which the carburetors 304 are mounted, are actuated
by pressure from lines 364 opening into throats 366 of the
carburetors to automatically maintain the proper fuel-air mixture
through linkage 368 which adjusts shaft 370 on which butterfly
valves 372 are keyed. The fuel is sucked up from jets 374. The
inlets of the lines 374 are just downstream from the movable upper
edges of the butterfly valves so as to be most responsive to
changes in pressure from the venturi effect.
EMBODIMENT OF FIG. 10
A supercharged engine 400 forming an alternate embodiment of the
invention is similar to the engine 300 but has throttles 402 in
throats 404 of carburetors 406, which are manually operated in
synchronism with operation of intake throttles 408 positioned very
close to intake valves 410. The throttle 402 keeps the mixture
substantially uniform at all speeds. Linkage 412 interlocks the
throttles 402 and 408. Also, a rotary, vane-type pump 414 is
positioned adjacent outlet check valve 416 and feeds into a large
volume pressure tank or reservoir 418, which supplies the highly
supercharged mixture to manifold passages 520 in which the valves
408 are mounted. The throttles 408 control the speed and the valves
402 are moved in accordance with the throttles 408 to keep the
fuel-air mixture desired.
* * * * *