U.S. patent number 3,859,769 [Application Number 05/313,961] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-14 for interlocking modules.
Invention is credited to Raymond L. Watkins.
United States Patent |
3,859,769 |
Watkins |
January 14, 1975 |
INTERLOCKING MODULES
Abstract
A module includes a body shaped as regular polygon such as an
equilateral triangular block and is adapted to interlock with other
similar modules to form a structure. Projecting outwardly from each
edge of the triangular body is a generally triangular tongue having
an area not greater than one-third the area of the body, and
adjacent each tongue is a slot whose size and shape is similar to
the size and shape of the tongue. The slot extends into the body so
that, when assembling a structure from several modules, the tongues
of each module interfit with the slots of the adjacent modules to
hold the modules together in an abutting edge-to-edge relationship.
In other forms of the invention, the body may be shaped as a square
or the tongue may be formed separately of the body in the shape of
a diamond whose opposite ends telescope into the slots of adjacent
bodies to hold the adjacent edges of the bodies in abutment with
each other.
Inventors: |
Watkins; Raymond L. (Rockford,
IL) |
Family
ID: |
23217935 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/313,961 |
Filed: |
December 11, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/591.1;
D25/113; 446/125; D21/505 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63H
33/088 (20130101); E04B 2/08 (20130101); E04B
2/12 (20130101); A63H 33/108 (20130101); E04B
2002/0204 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04B
2/04 (20060101); A63H 33/10 (20060101); A63H
33/08 (20060101); A63H 33/04 (20060101); E04B
2/08 (20060101); E04B 2/12 (20060101); E04B
2/02 (20060101); E04c 001/10 (); E04c 001/30 ();
A63h 033/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/608,609,586,591,582,589-595 ;46/25,31 ;404/40,41,27 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
647,812 |
|
Dec 1950 |
|
GB |
|
625,045 |
|
Feb 1936 |
|
DD |
|
Primary Examiner: Faw, Jr.; Price C.
Assistant Examiner: Ridgill, Jr.; James L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wolfe, Hubbard, Leydig, Voit &
Osann, Ltd.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. An interlocking module comprising a substantially planar body
shaped as an equilateral triangle providing side edges and having
first and second generally flat and parallel faces, a generally
flat and substantially triangular tongue of predetermined thickness
integrally formed with and projecting outwardly from each side edge
of said body, each of said tongues extending substantially along
the entire length of its associated edge and having an area
approaching but not greater than one-third the area of one of said
faces, a slot opening out of each edge of said body and each of
said slots lying in a second common plane spaced between and
extending generally parallel with said first plane and said first
face and being generally the same size, shape and thickness as one
of said tongues, and an internal reinforcing member extending
generally between said faces.
2. A structural unit formed of a series of interlocking modules of
the type defined in claim 1, said structural unit comprising a
frame having one edge facing said modules, a plurality of second
tongues projecting from said edge, a plurality of second slots
formed in said edge adjacent said second tongues, said second
tongues and slots being similar in size and shape to the tongues
and slots of said modules and interfitting with the adjacent
tongues and slots of the modules adjacent said one edge of said
frame.
3. An interlocking module comprising a body shaped generally as a
regular polygon providing side edges and having first and second
generally parallel faces, a generally flat tongue projecting
outwardly from each side edge of said body adjacent said first
face, each of said tongues being joined to its associated edge
substantially along the entire length thereof, a slot opening out
of each side edge of said body between said tongue and said second
face, each of said tongues and said slots being generally
triangular in shape and of the same general thickness and having an
area approaching but not larger than the area of one of said faces
divided by the number of edges of said body, all of said tongues
lying in a first common plane extending parallel to and spaced
inwardly a predetermined distance from said first face, all of said
slots lying in a second common plane spaced from and extending
parallel with said first plane, said second plane further being
spaced inwardly from said second face by a distance equal to said
predetermined distance, and an internal reinforcing member
extending generally between said faces.
4. An interlocking module as defined by claim 3 wherein said
predetermined distance that said tongues and said slots,
respectively, are spaced inwardly from said first and second faces
is substantially equal to the thickness of said tongue.
5. A module as defined by claim 3 wherein each of said tongues
includes opposing margins converging toward each other upon
progressing outwardly from the edge of said body associated with
said tongue, a marginal portion associated with each of said
margins and extending outwardly of said associated edge a
predetermined short distance in a direction generally perpendicular
relative to said associated edge to join with the margin associated
with said marginal portion, a wall in said internal reinforcing
member defining each end of said slot and extending inwardly of the
edge associated with said slot in a direction generally
perpendicular to said associated edge.
6. A module as defined by claim 5 wherein said body is shaped
generally as a square.
7. A module as defined by claim 5 wherein said body is shaped
generally as an equilateral triangle.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to an interlocking member such as
is used with other similar members to build a structure and, more
particularly, to an interlocking member having a generally planar
body with a tongue projecting from each edge thereof adjacent a
slot also formed in the edge and having a size and shape similar to
the size and shape of the tongue. In use, several of the members or
modules are assembled together with the tongues and slots of
adjacent modules interlocking with each other to form the desired
structure. Interlocking modules of this general type are disclosed
in Sterns U.S. Pat. No. 2,115,936 and Worthington et al U.S. Pat.
No. 3,657,852.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved interlocking module of the above general character which
is easier to assemble with other interlocking modules and which,
when assembled with the other modules, forms a virtually
self-supporting structure which is stronger and more durable than
similar structures formed of prior modules. A further object is to
accomplish the foregoing by providing a module having a body with
the shape of an equilateral triangle whose edges include tongues
and slots having generally the same size and shape for interlocking
with adjacent modules to accurately position the modules relative
to each other and to hold the assembled modules against relative
sliding between their edges.
The invention also resides in the provision of unique framing
adapted to interfit with the modules to form the edges of the
assembled structure and other edges such as framing for a door or a
window or the like.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention
will become more apparent from the following detailed description
when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary front elevation of a portion of a wall
constructed of modules embodying the novel features of the present
invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of two modules prior to
being joined together.
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the two modules of FIG. 2 with
parts broken away and shown in cross section.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along line
4--4 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, but with the two modules
interlocked with each other.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the framing used in
conjunction with the modules.
FIG. 7 is an elevational view of another structural arrangement
formed of the modules and showing use of alternative framing.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of a segment of the framing
illustrated in FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of still another
structural arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially
along line 10--10 of FIG. 9 but showing the parts assembled.
FIG. 11 is a plan view of an additional modified form of the
invention with parts broken away and shown in cross-section.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along line
12--12 of FIG. 11.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As shown in the drawings for purposes of illustration, the present
invention is embodied in a member 10 particularly adapted to
interlock in edgewise relation with other similar members to form a
structure such as a wall 11. As shown in FIG. 2, each member
comprises a substantially planar body 13 with a plurality of
appendages in the form of tongues 14 projecting from the edges of
the body, and adjacent each tongue in the edge of the body is a
corresponding slot 15 (see FIG. 4). As in the aforementioned
patents, the tongue and slots are generally the same size and shape
so that the tongues and slots of adjacent members interfit with
each other to form the structure or wall 11.
In accordance with the primary aspect of the present invention, the
member 10 is a module whose body 13 is shaped as an regular polygon
and whose tongues 14 and slots 15 are generally triangular, each
preferably having an area not greater than one-third the area of
the body. With this unique arrangement, the tongues and slots of
adjacent modules interlock with each other when two or more modules
are joined together to form a virtually self-supporting structure
which is far stronger and more durable than prior similar
structures and, in addition, the structure is much easier to
assemble.
In the present instance, the body 13 of the module 10 is shaped as
an equilateral triangular block which may be formed of any desired
material such as concrete, wood, metal, plastic, ceramic, or the
like, depending on the structure to be built. More particularly,
the body is defined by two parallel faces 16 and 17 and, by three
edges 19, the latter being of equal length and connected together
end to end to define the equilateral shape of the body. The tongues
14 project outwardly from each edge, being spaced a predetermined
distance from the face 16 and all lying in a common plane extending
parallel to such face. Herein, each of the tongues is generally
triangular in shape and includes outer margins 20 and 21 which
converge toward each other upon progressing outwardly from the edge
of the body. Adjacent the juncture of the tongue with the edge of
the body, the marginal portions 23 and 24 are formed at right
angles with respect to the edge and extend perpendicular thereto
for a short distance before joining the converging margins 20 and
21. Preferably, the margins 20 and 21 intersect each other at an
angle a of about 120 degrees so that the area defined by the tongue
approaches one-third the area of the faces 16 and 17 to maximize
the area of interlocking between adjacent modules.
As shown in FIG. 2, the three slots 15 are located in the edges 19
of the body 13, one slot being formed in each edge adjacent one of
the tongues 14. Each of the slots is similar in size and shape to
the size and shape of the tongues so that the tongues of one module
may fit within any of the slots of a second identical module. More
particularly, the slots in each module all lie in a common plane
which is adjacent the face 17 and extends parallel thereto, the
distance between the face 17 and the slots being equal to the
distance between the tongues and the face 16. The slots extend
inwardly from the edges of the body with the opposite sides 22 (see
FIG. 3) of each slot converging as the sides progress toward the
center of the triangular shaped body.
Preferably but not necessarily, the inner ends of the slots 15 are
separated from each other by three internal reinforcing ribs 25
(FIG. 3) having inner ends 26 integrally joined together and outer
opposite ends 27. Each rib extends from its inner end at the center
of the body outwardly toward one of the corners of the body 13 so
that each two ribs define the sides 22 of one of the slots. As
further shown in FIG. 3, the outer end of each rib is connected
integrally with one of the corner portions 28 of the body and,
preferably, the corner portion includes two walls 29. Each of these
walls extends inwardly from the edge 19 a short distance at an
angle of about ninety degrees relative to the edge so that the size
and shape of each slot 15 is generally equal to the size and shape
of the adjacent tongue so as to approach one-third the area of the
body. With this arrangement, once one module 10 is joined together
with another, the perpendicular marginal portions 23 and 24 of the
tongues abut the walls 29 to block the tongue 14 from sliding
toward either side of the slot 15 and thus hold the modules against
relative edgewise movement.
Each module 10 is joined with other modules in essentially the same
manner and, prior to joining two modules together, one of the
modules is turned as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 so that the face 17 of
the body 13 is in the same plane as the face 16 of the other
module. This aligns the tongues 14 and slots 15 of adjacent modules
with each other so they can fit together (see FIG. 4). Then, as the
modules are pushed together, the margins 20 and 21 of the tongues
slide relative to the side walls 22 of the slots to guide the
modules into abutting edge to edge relationship. Thus, the modules
are assembled together very quickly and easily without having to be
aligned precisely in position before they are slid together.
Moreover, the faces on each side of adjacent modules are in common
planes so that each side of the structure is defined by a single
flat surface because the tongues and slots are spaced from the
adjacent faces of the body by equal distances. Advantageously, both
faces of the modules are finished so that both sides of the wall
appear smooth and finished when the wall is assembled.
Once joined together, the modules 10 provide a very strong and
durable wall 11 because of the relatively large area of
interlocking between the modules, the area of interlocking for each
completely surrounded module nearly equalling the area of either
face of the body 13. As a result of this interlocking, the wall is
virtually self-supporting, and particularly so when there is tight
fit or close tolerance between the tongues 14 and the slots 15.
When desired, however, a bond such as cement, glue or the like may
be used to hold the tongues in the slots. With or without the bond,
it is unnecessary in most structures to provide a backing or other
transverse support such as a beam or brace to hold the modules
together and in position. Thus, by virtue of the novel shape of the
body and the unique triangular shape of the tongue and slots, far
stronger structures can be built up from the modules than was
possible heretofore. Moreover, the structure can be assembled much
more easily because the modules are kept from sliding edgewise
relative to each other by virtue of the perpendicular marginal
portions 23 and 24 abutting the walls 29.
In view of the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the present
invention provides a unique module 10 formed in the basic shape of
an equilateral triangular block for interlocking with similar
modules and framing to form a strong, virtually self-supporting
structure which is very easy to build. It will be appreciated
further that, while the invention has been described and
illustrated in conjunction with the flat wall 11, corners in the
wall may be formed with modified versions of the module in which
the body 13 is bent to define a portion of the corner being
built.
The present invention further contemplates the provision of unique
framing 30 which interfits with the peripheral modules 10 of a
structure to provide further support for the structure and to form
straight edges for the structure. As shown in FIG. 1 with respect
to the wall 11, the framing 30 serves as a base upon which the wall
is built and includes a plurality of tongues 14' (FIG. 6)
projecting upwardly from the top edge 31 of the frame for insertion
into the modules. The tongues 14 from the modules interfit with
similarly shaped slots 15' formed in the frame adjacent the
tongues. With this arrangement, it will be appreciated that the
framing can be used not only as the base for the wall as
illustrated but also for window and doorway frames. Moreover, with
slight modifications, the framing can be used to outline virtually
any shape. For instance, FIGS. 7 and 8 show framing 30' comprising
curved sections 33 which each includes a tongue 14" and and a
corresponding slot 15" so that, when the sections are assembled
with a number of modules, they form a wheel 34.
In another form of the invention, parts corresponding to those
described above are indicated by primed reference numerals. As
shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, this form includes a body 13' whose edges
19' are formed with slots 15' of predetermined thickness, the slots
being adapted to receive tongues 14'. Herein, the tongues are
generally diamond-shaped and include opposite end portions 35 and
36 sized and shaped to fit within the slots in adjacent edges of
adjacent bodies. In contrast to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1
through 5, the tongues 14' are formed separately of the body. This
has been found to be of particular advantage when the body 13' is
formed of a material such as concrete or the like because the
tongues are less likely to be broken during handling. With this
arrangement, a structural unit 11' is formed by joining one end
portion 35 of the tongue with one body, the end portion being
received telescopically in one of the slots and being secured
therein by means of a binder (not shown) e.g., cement if the body
is formed of concrete. Then, a second body may be telescoped on and
secured to the other end portion 36 of the tongue so the adjacent
edges 19' of the two bodies abut each other as shown in FIG.
10.
A still further form of the present invention is illustrated in
FIGS. 11 and 12 wherein a module 10" is defined by a square body
13" having a plurality of tongues 14" which are formed integrally
with the edges 19" of the body and project outwardly therefrom.
Adjacent each tongue in the edge of the body is a corresponding
slot 15". As in the first embodiment, the four tongues are each
formed in a common plane spaced inwardly a predetermined distance
from one of the faces 16" and 17" of the body and the slots are
formed in a second common plane spaced inwardly a distance equal to
the predetermined distance from the other one of the faces. The
tongues and slots are generally the same size and shape as each
other, each preferably having an area greater than the area of one
of the faces divided by the number of edges 19". In this
embodiment, the area of each slot and each tongue is equal to
slightly less than one-fourth the area of one of the faces. The
modules 10" of this arrangement may be assembled in the same manner
as the modules 10 of the first embodiment with the tongue 14" being
telescoped into the slot 15" of an adjacent module until the edges
19" of the two modules abut each other.
* * * * *