U.S. patent number 3,859,502 [Application Number 05/440,988] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-07 for defrosting system for refrigerator doors.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Anthony's Manufacturing. Invention is credited to James J. Heaney.
United States Patent |
3,859,502 |
Heaney |
January 7, 1975 |
DEFROSTING SYSTEM FOR REFRIGERATOR DOORS
Abstract
A system for defrosting large commercial refrigerator doors in
which electrical heating means for heating the metal frames and/or
the surface of the glass is turned off or on, depending upon
whether the relative humidity is below or above a selected
level.
Inventors: |
Heaney; James J. (Glendale,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Anthony's Manufacturing (San
Fernando, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23751030 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/440,988 |
Filed: |
February 11, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/218;
62/176.5; 165/223; 52/275 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N
27/121 (20130101); H05B 1/0236 (20130101); H05B
3/84 (20130101); H05B 2203/035 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01N
27/12 (20060101); H05B 3/84 (20060101); H05b
001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/218
;62/150,176,248,275 ;165/21,30 ;52/173 ;73/336.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Albritton; C. L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Morganstern; Richard
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Defrosting apparatus for display type refrigerator and freezer
equipment having a door with a glass viewing area, comprising:
electrical heating means associated with the door for heating
portions of the door, a relative humidity-sensing element mounted
outside the door for sensing ambient relative humidity, and control
means responsive to the humidity-sensing means for connecting the
heating means to an electrical power source only when the relative
humidity exceeds a predetermined level.
2. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrical heating means
includes an electrically resistive coating on the glass viewing
area, the control means connecting the coating to the power
source.
3. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the door includes a metal frame
mounted in a metal jamb, and the electrical heating means includes
a resistance element embedded in the frame, the control means
connecting the resistance elements to the power source.
4. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the door includes a metal frame
mounted in a metal jamb, and the electrical heating means includes
a resistance element embedded in the jamb, the control means
connecting the resistance elements to the power source.
5. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the door includes a metal frame
mounted in a metal jamb, and the electrical heating means includes
a resistance element embedded in the frame and jamb, the control
means connecting the resistance elements to the power source.
6. Apparatus of claim 5 wherein the electrical heating means
includes an electrically resistive coating on the glass viewing
area, the control means connecting the coating to the power
source.
7. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the relative humidity-sensing
element includes resistance means that varies in resistance in
response to changes in relative humidity.
8. Apparatus of claim 7 wherein the control means includes a
resistance bridge circuit with the sensing element resistance means
connected as one leg of the bridge, and means for adjusting the
resistance of a second leg of the bridge to vary the humidity level
at which the bridge is balanced.
9. Apparatus of claim 8 wherein the control means further includes
switching means responsive to the bridge circuit for making and
breaking an electrical path to the heating means with unbalancing
of the bridge by changes in resistance of the sensing element.
10. Apparatus of claim 9 wherein the control means further includes
a power supply having a lower voltage isolating transformer
connecting the power supply to the power source.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to defrosting systems for refrigerator
doors, and more particularly, is concerned with a humidity
sensitive heat control.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The self-service supermarkets which sell refrigerated foods
frequently use refrigerated storage areas having metal framed glass
doors for displaying the refrigerated products to the customer.
Because the surface temperature of the metal frame, support
structure and the glass door is reduced below ambient temperature
by the refrigerated interior, moisture tends to condense out on the
surface of these structural parts and the glass when the relative
humidity reaches the dew point at the lower temperature of the
doors. One method of preventing the formation of undesired fog or
frost on the refrigerator doors and pools of water from collecting
on the floor has been to provide electrically resistive heaters,
such as resistive wires mounted in the metal structural parts, and
transparent resistive coatings placed on the glass to raise the
surface temperatures of the glass and metal above the dew point of
the ambient air. However, continuous heating by this means is
wasteful of electrical power and also increases the cooling load on
the refrigerator or freezer unit.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a defrosting system for
refrigerator and freezer doors which provides considerable saving
in electrical power and reduces the load on the refrigeration
equipment. Specifically, it has been found that it is not necessary
to heat the door frame and/or glass continuously but only when the
relative humidity of the ambient air reaches the dew point at the
surface of the unheated doors. The present invention provides an
arrangement which includes a humidity-sensitive element for sensing
the relative humidity of the ambient air. A control circuit,
responsive to the output of the humidity-sensitive element,
operates to connect or disconnect the resistance heater elements of
the door frame and/or glass from an electrical power source with
changes in the relative humidity. Thus under low humidity
conditions the power to some or all of the resistive heater
elements is shut off and is only turned on when the abient relative
humidity rises to a level where the surface of the door frame
and/or glass is at the dew point and condensation begins to form on
the doors.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the invention, reference
should be had to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an electrical circuit diagram illustrating the preferred
embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the manner in which the
invention is installed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the drawings in detail, the numeral 10 indicates
generally the door of a refrigerator of the type used in
supermarkets for displaying and storing food products which must be
kept under refrigeration. The refrigerator door 10, supported in a
metal door jamb 11, is provided with a glass area which typically
is constructed of two or three panes of glass with a dead air space
between to reduce heat transfer. The two or more panes of glass 12
and 14 are mounted in a metal door frame 16. The door frame and
door jamb are provided with a plurality of resistance wires 17. One
of the panes of glass is coated with a very thin transparent
electrically conductive layer for heating the surface of the glass
in response to the flow of electrical current therethrough. Heated
glass panels of this type are well known in the art.
Electrical power is supplied to the resistive heating elements of
the door 10 and the door jamb from a standard 115 or 220 volt A.C.
power source through a relay control switch 18 which is switched to
its closed position by energizing of the associated relay coil 20.
The relay coil 20 is energized from a control circuit which
includes a power supply 22 connected across the 115 or 220 volt
A.C. source. The power supply preferably includes a step-down
transformer to supply a low voltage output that is isolated from
the power source. The output of the power supply provides a voltage
across one diagonal of a conventional resistance bridge 24. One leg
of the resistance bridge is provided by a humidity sensor element
26, which preferably is a humidity sensitive resistor made of
sulfonated polystyrene, known as a Pope cell, such as described in
the article "Linearizing Relative Humidity Measurements" by George
Whitehaus, Instruments and Control Systems, September 1972, pages
72 and 73. A second leg of the bridge circuit 24 is a variable
resistor 28 controlled by a rotatable knob 30. The other diagonal
of the bridge circuit 24 is connected as the input to a switching
circuit 32, for example. The switching circuit 32 switches from one
stable state to another with changes in polarity of the input. The
output of the switching circuit 32 in turn actuates a control relay
34 having a switch 36 for connecting the power relay coil 20 across
the 115/220 volt A.C. source. The relay 34 is shown by way of
example, but could be replaced by a semiconductor type switch or
other sensitive switching means.
A typical installation of the invention is shown in FIG. 2 in which
the control circuit is mounted in a box 38, preferably mounted
inside the refrigerator or freezer. Box 38 may be attached to the
refrigerator door jamb 11 where the heater power wires emerge for
connection to the power source. The humidity sensor 26 is mounted
outside and preferably above the refrigerator door 10, the pair of
leads from the sensor 26 passing through a small opening in the
insulated wall 42 of the refrigerator above the door. The leads
from the sensor 26 connect into the control circuit in the box 38
through a suitable plug connector 44.
The control knob 30 extends outside the box 38 and preferably is
provided with a scale of index markings calibrated in percent
relative humidity. Typically the control knob 30 might be set to a
relative humidity of 55 percent. Normally it should be adjusted to
the highest relative humidity setting which maintains the
refrigerator door free of undesirable moisture. Suitable electrical
connections are provided selectively between the box 38 and the
wires which supply power to the heated glass pane 12 and/or the
heater wires in the door frame 16 and jamb 11. Connections are also
provided from the control box 38 to a suitable standard voltage
source.
In operation, depending upon the setting of the variable resistor
28 by the control knob 30, variations in humidity above and below
the selected level causes the switching circuit to actuate the
relay 34. When the humidity at the sensor is below the indicated
level, the relay 34 opens the switch 36 thereby allowing the relay
20 to become de-energized, opening the switch 18. This breaks the
circuit to the heated wiring and window panel of the door. Any rise
in the humidity above the preset level causes the polarity across
the output of the bridge to reverse, actuating the switching
circuit 32 and causing the relay 34 to close the switch 36, thereby
operating the power relay to complete the heating circuit through
the switch 18 to the refrigerator door heater elements. Thus it
will be seen that the present invention provides a means of
reducing the average power required by the defrosting system, since
heat is applied to the door pane and glass mounting members and/or
glass in the refrigerator door only when the humidity increases
above a preset level at which precipitation of moisture occurs.
While the preferred embodiment includes the jamb, frame, and glass
heating elements as part of the controlled load, it may be
desirable in some installations to control only the heating
elements in the metal frame and/or jamb, while continuously heating
the glass. It will be apparent that other combinations of humidity
controlled heating and continuous heating of the respective heating
elements are also possible utilizing the concepts of the invention.
Additionally, although a preferred embodiment of a
humdity-sensitive element has been described, the principles of the
present invention can readily be practiced with other types and
styles of such elements.
* * * * *