U.S. patent number 3,858,873 [Application Number 05/360,590] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-07 for weight lifting exercising devices.
Invention is credited to Arthur A. Jones.
United States Patent |
3,858,873 |
Jones |
January 7, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
WEIGHT LIFTING EXERCISING DEVICES
Abstract
An apparatus for the development of body parts and muscles
effecting the movement of a user's body parts. The apparatus
includes a frame on which is pivotally mounted a force applying
member against which a body part may be placed and urged for
purposes of developing said body part and muscles. The user is
positioned on the front side of the frame during an exercise
program. The apparatus also includes a weight pivotally mounted on
the rear side of the frame and a force resolving spiral means
rigidly connected to the force applying member for rotation
therewith whereby the pull on the weight mass is continuously
varied over the full range of rotation of said force applying
member to produce a varying resistance force in direct opposition
to the force applied to the force applying member by a body part
and thereby to stress and develop said body part and muscles. The
resolving spiral is in the form of one or more pulleys which
continuously resolves the force of the weight mass to thereby
provide optimum stress for developing the muscles. The effort of
continuously exposing the body part undergoing an exercise to a
varying force over the full range of movement will cause the muscle
effecting movement of said body part to be subjected to optimum
development conditions.
Inventors: |
Jones; Arthur A. (Swartz Creek,
MI) |
Family
ID: |
26868130 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/360,590 |
Filed: |
May 15, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
172478 |
Aug 17, 1971 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
482/97; 482/137;
482/99 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
23/1245 (20130101); A63B 21/0615 (20130101); A63B
23/03525 (20130101); A63B 21/155 (20130101); A63B
21/4047 (20151001); A63B 2208/0233 (20130101); A63B
21/4033 (20151001); A63B 21/4035 (20151001) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
23/035 (20060101); A63B 23/12 (20060101); A63B
21/00 (20060101); A63B 21/06 (20060101); A63b
021/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;272/81,83R,82,80,79R,DIG.4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
215,774 |
|
1968 |
|
SU |
|
12,636 |
|
May 1910 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Browne; William R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Flocks; Karl W.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation application of applicant's pending
application Ser. No. 172,478 filed Aug. 17, 1971, now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A machine capable of high muscle fiber involvement exercise of
at least one prime body part connected to a prime body joint;
said machine including a frame having a front side, a rear side,
and a body receiving area for an exerciser in which the complete
body of such an exerciser can be completely received therein, said
area being disposed on the front side which is opposite to said
rear side;
structural means, located on said front side and rotatably
supported by said frame, for receiving force from a prime body part
of an exerciser positioned in said body receiving area;
resistance means adapted to act in opposition to movement of said
force receiving means by a user, which said resistance means may be
variable;
resistance resolving means for resolving gravity pull of said
resistance means into varying force components that are resisted by
a user during rotation of said resistance resolving means, said
resistance resolving means being operably connected to said force
receiving means, said resistance resolving means being located on
said front side and being rotatable with said force receiving
means;
said resistance resolving means having a variable moment arm
whereby the product of said variable moment arm and said resistance
means determines the torque applied to said force receiving
means;
the axis of rotation of said resolving means and,
the axis of the joint about which a prime body part to be exercised
is rotated
are essentially coaxial and the distance from said body joint to a
place where the prime body part is applied to said force receiving
means is practically the same as
the distance from the axis of rotation of said resolving means to
the place of application of said prime body part on the structural
means for receiving a force from a prime body part.
2. Machine according to claim 1, wherein said resistance resolving
means comprises generally spiral pulley members.
3. Machine according to claim 2, wherein said spiral pulley members
are rigidly connected to said force receiving means for rotation
therewith.
4. Machine according to claim 3 wherein said resistance means
includes a re-directional pulley system, said system comprising a
plurality of rotatable pulleys, cable means for transmitting the
pull of said resistance means to said spiral pulleys while being
reeved about said rotatable pulleys with the opposite ends of said
cable means being fixedly secured respectively to lack of said
spiral pulley members, and portions of said cable means immeidately
adjacent to lack of said respective ends thereof, during operation
of said machine, being adaptable to wind or unwind around the
circumference of said spiral pulley members, the tension in said
cable means constitutes a component of said resistance means which
is continuously resolved by said resolving means into a force which
acts in opposition to any force applied to said force receiving
means when acted upon by a user.
5. Machine according to claim 3, wherein a re-directional pulley
system comprises a first pair of spaced apart pulleys rotatably
mounted on said resistance means, the pulleys of said first pair of
pulleys have parallel axes and, a second pair of spaced apart
pulleys rotatably mounted on said frame the pulleys of said second
pair of pulleys have parallel axes, cable means for transmitting
the pull of the resistance means wrapped around said first pair of
pulleys by which a force applied to said force receiving means
tends to raise said resistance means, and cable means extending
from under said first pair of pulleys and over said second pair of
pulleys to redirects said cable means to said spiral pulley members
to which the respective ends of said cable means ar fixedly
secured.
6. Machine according to claim 5, including treadle means disposed
adjacent the lower portion of said frame are provided for
independently raising the resistance means thereby relieving the
tension in said cable means on said spiral pulley members prior to
the beginning of an exercise program.
7. Machine according to claim 6, wherein each of said spiral pulley
members includes a hub member from which said force receiving means
extends radially therefrom and is integral and rotatable
therewith.
8. Machine according to claim 7, wherein counterweight means for
rotating the force receiving means to a position to be engaged by a
user's limbs when no pull is exerted by the resistance means,
integral with said hub member and extending radially therefrom.
9. Machine according to claim 8, wherein said force receiving means
comprises a pair of generally L-shaped levers each of which has one
leg integral with and extending from said hub member and a second
leg at the free end of which extends an inwardly directed angled
portion and a transversely directed stabilizing bar connecting said
angled portions, said stabilizing bar and said angled portions
defining a generally U-shaped constraction.
10. Machine according to claim 9, further including means for
seating an exerciser, said last mentioned means being mounted on
said frame.
11. Machine according to claim 6, in which said treadle means is
pivotally secured on said frame and includes a resistance means
lifting end and an end actuated by the force receiving means.
12. Machine capable of high muscle fiber involvement exercise of at
least one prime body connected to a prime body joint; said machine
including a frame, resistance weight means for resisting a user's
movement during an exercise program, resolving means rotatably
supported on said frame for varying a user's force necessary to
lift and lower said resistance weight means, force receiving means
for permitting engagement by a prime body part during rotation of
said force resolving means, said force receiving means being
supported for rotation about a first axis on the frame, said
resistance weight means being independently pivotally mounted on a
second axis, said second axis being spaced from and not in
alignment with the first axis on said frame, said resistance weight
means being operatively connected to, and resisting the movement of
the force receiving means about the first axis, said resolving
means adapted to resolve the gravity pull of said load or
resistance weight means into a continuously variable balanced
resistance force in opposition to any force applied to said force
receiving means over the full range of rotation of said force
receiving means.
13. A machine capable of high muscle fiber involvement exercise of
at least one prime body part connected to a prime body joint;
said machine including a frame having a front side, a rear side,
and a body receiving area for an exerciser in which the complete
body of such an exerciser can be completely received therein, said
area being disposed on the front side which is opposite to said
rear side; resistance means for resisting movement of a prime body
part of a user during an exercise program; structural means,
located on said front side and rotatably supported by said frame,
for receiving force from said prime body part; resistance resolving
means for resolving gravity pull of said resistance means into
varying force conponents that are acted on by user's prime body
parts engaging said structural means, said resistance resolving
means being located on said front side and being rotatable in
unison with said structural means; said resistance means acting in
opposition to a force applied to said structural means, which
resistance means may be variable;
said resistance resolving means having a variable moment arm
whereby the product of said variable moment arm and said resistance
means determines the torque acting on said force receiving
means;
said force receiving means and said resolving means both including
portions disposed on opposite sides a user while a user is in the
body receiving area;
the axis of rotation of said resolving means and
the axis of the joint about which a prime body part to be exercised
is rotated are essentially coaxial and
the distance from said body joint to a place where the prime body
part is applied to said force receiving means is practically the
same as
the distance from the axis of rotation of said resolving means to
the place of application of said prime body part on the structural
means which receives a force from prime body parts.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention is the outgrowth of applicant's many years of
experience and research in the field of body building with emphasis
being placed upon considerations of muscle and body physiology and
basic physics of exercise methods and the realization of the need
for tailored machinery for specific structure and function of
individual muscles. While existing exercises and machines may be
competent in developing the body, it is not clear that they are
necessarily the ultimate in point of efficiency. In this connection
most, if not all, conventional exercising machines are based upon
the effect of gravity providing a linear resistance or force
against which the individual works to build his body. Spring
machines are comparable to the effect of gravity in that the
resistance thereof are linear or unidirectional. Even in machines
having pulleys the pulleys serve only to re-direct the direction of
the resistance to a single linear direction.
The fact that in conventional exercises resistance to body movement
is linear is a significant drawback particularly when the body
parts involved are rotating. In other words the rotary motion of
body parts is countered by reciprocatory motion which is linear.
The benefits to be derived therefrom, because of the relatively low
efficiency of such system or exercise, is forthcoming only after
prolonged and unnecessary effort as will be seen from the machine
and method disclosed and claimed herein by applicant.
DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART
A simple and well known form of body building exercise is the curl,
the movement of which is rotational throughout a range of movement
of approximately 160.degree.. At the start of a curl, the movement
is almost perfectly horizontal, straight forward; approximately
midway through this exercise the movement is vertical, straight up;
and at the end of the exercise the movement is approximately
horizontal again, but in the opposite direction. During the entire
movement of this exercise, the resistance is always vertical in a
straight down direction. From this it is seen that although the
resistance remains constant, it would seem to become heavier as the
movement progresses from the starting position to the midpoint and
seem to become lighter thereafter. In the normal finishing position
of the curl, there is literally no resistance. At this point it is
possible to hold that position almost indefinitely, with absolutely
no work being demanded on the part of the bending muscles of the
upper arms. This occurs because during a curl the moment arm of the
weight is constantly changing as the movement progresses with
direct resistance being provided only at the infinitely small point
where resistance is being moved vertically. A close study of
conventional exercising machines will clearly show that in almost
every case direct resistance is provided only within an extremely
limited range of movement, literally an infinitely small range of
movement, and that in many conventional machines there is no direct
resistance at any point.
If the normal strength generated by human muscles involved exactly
match the apparently changing resistance provided by an exercise
such as the curl, then the movement would feel perfectly even, that
is, the resistance at no point over the range of movement would
appear to be any heavier than that at any other point. However,
since in fact the strength generated by the muscles does not match
a change in resistance, the resistance at some points does feel
heavier than at other points; so-called "sticking points" are
encountered, where the weights feel very heavy. Along with this
there will be points where there is little or no resistance to the
movement of the resistance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new exercising machine based
upon the concept that the greatest rate of development of body
parts and muscles effecting the movement thereof is achieved by
providing the body part and muscle involved in a particular
exercise with a balanced resistance over the full range of motion
of the involved body part and muscle.
It is also an object of this invention to provide an exercising
machine in which a body part that is moved by the muscles to be
developed may be rotated on a common axis with the force applying
member, but in a direction opposite to the resistance of weight
means whereby the body parts and muscles will be stressed and
developed.
It is further an object of this invention to provide an exercising
machine in which the direction of resistance in the machine will
continuously change automatically, simultaneously and in exact
accord with the direction of movement of the involved body
parts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIGS. 1A-E show a sequence of arm positions in a curl exercise;
FIG. 2 shows a front elevational view of the machine according to
this invention with an exerciser outlined in phantom as being
seated on and strapped to the machine in an initial position prior
to using the machine;
FIG. 3 shows a side elevational view of the machine according to
this invention with the exerciser preparing to adjust the force
applying lever to the position in which the body part to be
exercised may be applied thereagainst;
FIG. 4 shows a side elevational view of the machine acdording to
this invention with the exerciser having adjusted the force
applying lever to the position in which the body part to be
exercised may be applied thereagainst by lowering the forward end
of a treadle;
FIG. 5 shows a side elevational view of the machine according to
this invention with the exerciser having placed the body parts to
be exercised against the force applying lever;
FIG. 6 shows a side elevational view of the machine according to
this invention with the exerciser having removed his feet from the
adjustment treadle;
FIG. 7 shows a side elevational view of the machine according to
this invention with the exerciser allowing his arms to move back to
initiate a cycle of exercise;
FIG. 8 shows a side elevational view of the machine according to
this invention with the exerciser having moved his arms forward to
about the midpoint of a cycle of exercise;
FIG. 9 shows a side elevational view of the machine according to
this invention with the exerciser having brought his arms forward
to the other end of the exercise cycle and;
FIG. 10 shows a view in perspective generally from the rear of the
force applying lever, resolving spiral pulley and counterweight
assembly.
BASIC EXERCISING CONCEPT
Looking at FIGS. 1 A-E which show a sequence of arm positions
during a curling exercise, it is seen in FIG. 1A, which shows the
initial position of the exercise, that the lower arm is in line
with the upper arm and therefore produces zero moment about X which
marks the pivot point between the upper and the lower arms. As the
arms progress to the positions as shown in FIGS. 1B-D moment arms
of eight inches, twelve inches, and six inches, respectively, are
effected about the pivot point X. Finally, when the arms are at the
end of the exercise as shown in FIG. 1E, there is again zero moment
arm about the pivot point X since the weight at the end of the
lower arm is once again in vertical alignment with the pivot point
X.
It is important to note in the curl exercise that it is the muscle
in the upper arm attached to the lower arm which provides the
motive power to move the lower arm and raise the weight carried at
the end of the lower arm. Looking again at FIG. 1A it is obvious
that there is literally no resistance at the start of a curl,
because there is zero distance between the two vertical lines and
thus zero moment arm. As the lower arm proceeds to the 45.degree.
position as shown in FIG. 1B, the moment arm has increased from
zero to approximately 8 inches. Assuming that the exerciser is
using a 100 lb. barbell, the torque has increased from zero to 800
inch-pounds about the pivot point X. When the arm has moved another
45.degree. in the exercise as shown in FIG. 1C, the moment arm has
increased to approximately 12 inches and the torque has reached its
highest point of 1,200 inch-pounds. As the lower arms move forward
another 45.degree. as shown in FIG. 1D, the moment arm decreases to
approximately 6 inches to provide a torque of 600 inch-pounds about
the point X. Finally, when the lower arm moves to the vertical
position as shown in FIG. 1E, there is once again zero moment arm
about the point X which produces zero torque. It is noted in FIGS.
1D and 1E that the elbows have moved forward substantially from the
position as shown in FIGS. 1A-C so that the upper arms are no
longer in a vertical line, this is because during an actual barbell
curl, the elbows do not remain fixed in one position and this
further results in a quicker reduction of moment arm and therefore
torque after the 90.degree. position shown in FIG. 1C has been
reached.
From the above discussion it is clearly seen that much of the
muscle fibers of the upper arms are not called upon to do any work
during the curling exercise and that at certain points none of
these muscles are called upon to do any work.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 2-10 of the drawings, the
novel exercising machine according to this invention is in the form
of a pull-over machine which comprises a frame 10 having a pair of
parallel front legs 12 extending upwardly and to the rear. Each of
the front legs 12 includes a rearwardly directed, angled extension
14. Extending transversely of the machine is a bar 15 which is
integral with the ends of extensions 14 to provide rigidity to the
frame 10 thereat. Approximately midway between the bottom of each
of the front legs 12 and the intersection point of the extension 14
with the front legs 12 is a downwardly and rearwardly extending
rear leg 16. A horizontal bar 18 connects each of the front legs 12
to a rear leg 16 to provide the frame with rigidity. A generally
vertically extending bar 20 connects each of the angled extensions
14 to a rear leg 16 to provide additional rigidity to the frame 10.
Extending generally parallel to and above each of the bars 18 is an
upper bar 22 integral with a front leg 12 and a rear leg 16.
Integral with each of the bars 18 is a transversely extending
horizontal bar 24. Extending rearwardly from the midpoint of the
transversely extending bar 24 to opposite bars 18 is a pair of
diagonal bars 27.
Interposed within the frame 10 and secured thereto is a generally
L-shaped seat supporting member 26 to which is fixedly secured a
seat member 28 and a back rest 29. A load or resistance weight tray
assembly 30 includes a pair of parallel arms 32 extending forwardly
therefrom to each of the front legs 12 which are pivotally secured
thereto by pins 34. The tray assembly 30 includes a pair of
parallel weight retaining posts 36 which are adapted to pass
through perforated load or resistance weight members 38 which are
removably held thereby. Additional load or resistance weight
members may be added thereto if desired. Fixed to the underside of
the weight tray assembly 30 and midway between posts 36 is a
generally U-shaped rail element 39. Extending rearwardly from the
weight tray assembly 30 is a pair of brackets 40 each of which
supports a bearing post assembly 42 for a pair of rotatable lifting
pulleys 43 which are substantially in the same plane. A pair of
parallel redirectional pulleys 44 are rotatably supported adjacent
the free end of the extensions 14 by pins 46 and brackets 48. A
pair of parallel spiral pulleys 50 each having a plurality of
spokes 52 and a hub 54 integral therewith are rotatably supported
at the top of front legs 12 and adapted to rotate about the axis of
pins 56. A cable 58 having its opposite ends fixedly connected to
the surface of the spiral pulleys 50 and adapted to be wound and
unwound thereover extends over the re-directional pulleys 44 and
under the pulleys 43. Integral with each hub 54 and extending
radially therefrom is a connecting rod 55 having a counterweight 57
at the free end thereof. Also integral with each of the hubs 54 is
a generally L-shaped force applying lever assembly 60 having one
leg 62 extending radially from the hub 54 and a leg 64 having a
free end. The free end of each leg 64 has a reversely extending
angled portion 66 which ultimately extends transversely of the
machine as a stabilizing bar 68 integrally connecting opposite
angled portions 66 and providing a deformed clearance therebetween.
Extending outwardly from and fixed to the free end of each of the
legs 62 of the L-shaped lever adjacent the intersection of leg 62
with leg 64 is a bracket 70. An elbow pad 72 constituting force
receiving means is secured to each bracket 70.
Integral with and extending down from the bottom of seat support 26
is a yoke 74 on which is pivotally secured a treadle 76 by pins 78.
The treadle 76 has an angled front extension 80 through which
extends a transverse bar 82. At the rear end of the treadle 76 is
an abutment member 84 adapted to contact rail 39. A two-piece seat
belt 86 is fixed to each bar 22 by pin 28.
To operate the machine 10 an exerciser first seats himself in the
machine and straps himself thereto with twopiece belt 86 as shown
in FIG. 2. At this time the force applying lever assembly 60 is up
and behind the exerciser as best seen in FIG. 3. The exerciser then
places his feet on the transverse bar 82 at the end of the front
extension 80 of treadle 76 preparatory to raising the weight tray
assembly 30. The exerciser then brings his feet to the ground to
raise the load or resistance weight tray assembly 30 as the
abutment member 84 at the rear end of treadle 76, which is pivoted
at 78, is brought against the rail 39 at the underside of the
weight tray assembly 30 as shown in FIG. 4. As the weight tray
assembly 30 is raised to the position shown in FIG. 4, each
counterweight 57 drops from the position shown in FIG. 3 to that
shown in FIG. 4 thereby causing each spiral pulley 50 and force
applying lever assembly 60, both of which are interconnected to the
counterweight 57 by the hub 54 rotatably supported at the top of
the front legs 12 by pins 56 to rotate in a clockwise direction to
the position shown in FIG. 4. The exerciser may now place the elbow
portion of his upper arms against the force receiving pads 72 as
shown in FIG. 5. For purposes of this exercise the upper arms are
regarded as prime body parts and the shoulder area of each arm is
considered as a prime body joint. Next, the exerciser removes his
feet from the transverse bar 82 to allow the rear end of the
treadle 76 to drop to the ground. At this point, the weight tray
assembly 30 is suspended in mid air by virtue of the cable 58 which
passes under the pair of pulleys 43, over the pair of
re-directional pulleys 44 and is secured to the surface of spiral
pulleys 50. Various positions of the force applying lever assembly
60 are now determined by the force applied thereto by the
exerciser's upper arms in opposition to gravity pull of the weight
tray assembly 30 as resolved by the spiral pulleys 50 along
portions of cable 58 emanating from the surface of pulleys 50 in
tension. It is noted here that the only force applied to the lever
assembly 60 by the exerciser is at the elbow pads 72. No force is
applied to the leg 64 or at the angled portions 66 of the lever
assembly 60 by the forearms and hands of the exerciser. The
location of the forearms and hands are irrelevant as long as they
do not interfere with the force applied by the upper arms. The
principal function of the legs 64 is to provide a resting place for
the forearms of the exerciser and to support the angled portions 66
which act as a handrest, which are interconnected by transversely
extending stabilizer bar 68.
A complete cycle of exercise on the machine 10 is traversed by the
exerciser as he allows his upper arms to swing back to the position
shown in FIG. 7. The exerciser then brings his upper arms forward
with FIG. 8 showing an intermediate position of the exercise and
FIG. 9 the end of one cycle of the exercise. At the end of the
exercise the stabilizing bar 68 extending from the angled portions
66 at the opposite ends thereof may be brought down over the
exerciser's lap because of the deformed clearance provided
thereby.
In each of FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 it is noted that the point of rotation
66 of each spiral pulley 50 is substantially in line with the
shoulders of the exerciser at which the point of rotation of the
exerciser's upper arms are located. Because of the configuration of
each spiral pulley 50, the tension of the cable 58 with respect to
the pulley is constantly changing as the pulley 50 is rotated
between the position shown in FIG. 7 and that shown in FIG. 9. It
is noted here that during an exercise the muscles are stronger in
some positions thereof than in other positions. Because the
strength of muscles varies as movement occurs during an exercise,
resistance is correspondingly varied in accordance with this
invention to provide a balanced resistance over the full range of
the exercise. The exercising machine according to this invention
thus provides an exerciser with a varying balanced resistance over
the full range of a cycle of exercise, direct resistance to his
efforts, and omnidirectional resistance to his efforts over the
full range of the machine.
Although the machine as disclosed provides force applying lever
assembly 60 for matching body parts, it is clear that an exerciser
if he desires may exercise only a single body part.
It is to be understood that while one preferred embodiment of the
present invention has been illustrated and described herein,
numerous variations or modifications therein may occur to those
having skill in this art and what is intended to be covered herein
is not only the illustrated form of the invention, but also any and
all modified forms thereof as may come within the scope and spirit
of this invention.
* * * * *