U.S. patent number 3,858,644 [Application Number 05/348,437] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-07 for fan shroud exit structure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Harvester Company. Invention is credited to Harold D. Beck, Thomas L. Hanna.
United States Patent |
3,858,644 |
Beck , et al. |
January 7, 1975 |
FAN SHROUD EXIT STRUCTURE
Abstract
An internal combustion engine, having a heat exchange system, a
fan for moving air therethrough and a shroud and shroud exit
section for controlling the air path. The shroud exit encloses the
fan and includes throat (CF) radial expander (R) and radial flat
(RF) sections whereby air is drawn through the heat exchanger
axially and expelled radially along said exit sections
simultaneously interruption sections or cutout portion are
strategically located in the shroud exit to direct parts of the air
flow whereby they exit axially. The fan has a projected axial width
(AW) such that a general relationship exists with the shroud exit
sections: CF = AW/3, RF = AW/3, and R = 2AW/3.
Inventors: |
Beck; Harold D. (Downers Grove,
IL), Hanna; Thomas L. (Villa Park, IL) |
Assignee: |
International Harvester Company
(Chicago, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23368053 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/348,437 |
Filed: |
April 5, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/51; 165/122;
415/207; 415/914; 123/41.49; 180/68.1; 415/222 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01P
5/06 (20130101); F04D 29/545 (20130101); Y10S
415/914 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04D
29/40 (20060101); F01P 5/02 (20060101); F01P
5/06 (20060101); F04D 29/54 (20060101); F28d
021/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/41.48,41.49
;180/54A,68R ;415/210,219R,DIG.1 ;165/51,122,126 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
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|
|
|
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|
833,162 |
|
Mar 1952 |
|
DT |
|
485,410 |
|
Oct 1953 |
|
IT |
|
295,357 |
|
Feb 1929 |
|
GB |
|
569,241 |
|
Jan 1933 |
|
DD |
|
205,050 |
|
Dec 1906 |
|
DD |
|
770,848 |
|
Mar 1957 |
|
GB |
|
107,876 |
|
Jul 1939 |
|
AU |
|
Other References
Applications of the Coanda Effect, Imants Reba, Scientific
American, Vol. 214, No. 6, 6-66, pps. 84-92..
|
Primary Examiner: Davis, Jr.; Albert W.
Assistant Examiner: Richter; S. J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schaerli; John A. Harman; Floyd
B.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A heat transfer system for an internal combustion engine
comprising:
a heat exchange means having a front and rear section;
a shroud including a forward section arranged to enclose said rear
section, and a rearwardly extending unitary contoured exit section
including means defining a cylindrical throat, a radial expanding
section and a radial flat portion;
a fan assembly including a plurality of fan blades having leading
and trailing edges wherein the following relationship within plus
or minus 12 percent of AW exists: RF = AW/3, CF = AW/3, and R =
2AW/3 where RF is the length of the radial flat portion, CF is the
length of the cylindrical throat, R is the radius of the radial
expanding section and AW is the projected axial width of the fan
means wherein the improvement comprises: an interruption section
means in said shroud exit means whereby the continuity is changed
and the fan induced stream of air will have radial and axial
components.
2. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine means
comprising:
a radiator means including a tube means, and a rearward area
means;
a shroud means having a forward section arranged to include said
rearward area, and a rearwardly extending unitary contoured exit
section means including a cylindrical throat means, a radial
expanding section means and a radial flat portion means;
a plurality of interruption section means cut into said rearwardly
extending unitary contoured exit section; and
a fan assembly means including a plurality of fan blade means
having leading and trailing edge means, said leading edge means
being adjacent said radiator means, wherein the following
relationship plus or minus 12 percent exists: RF = AW/3, CF = AW/3,
and R = 2AW/3 where RF is the length of the radial flat portion, CR
is the length of the cylindrical throat, R is the radius of the
radial expanding section and AW is the projected axial width of the
fan whereby the fan induced stream of air is converged and directed
out generally radially adjacent said radial flat portion means and
generally axially adjacent said interruption section means.
3. The cooling system of claim 2 wherein:
said radiator means includes a rearwardly extending perforated area
means;
said shroud means entirely encloses said perforated area means;
and
said trailing edge of said fan means forms a plane coextensive with
said radial flat means wherein the following relationship exists:
RF = AW/3, CF = AW/3, and R = 2AW/3 where RF is the length of the
radial flat portion, CF is the length of the cylindrical throat, R
is the radius of the radial expanding section and AW is the
projected axial width of the fan.
4. A vehicle having an operator station, an internal combustion
engine, a radiator for cooling liquid from said engine, an axial
flow fan axially facing said radiator and including a plurality of
angular blades drawing air rearwardly through said radiator, and a
shroud rearwardly extending from said radiator, a unitary shroud
exit section means for closely surrounding said fan means and
extending in the same directions as said shroud including a tubular
means portion forming the leading edge thereof, an arcuated means
portion extending generally rearwardly and outwardly and a flat
flange portion means forming the trailing edge and lying in a plane
perpendicular to said tubular means portion, wherein the following
relationship plus or minus 12 percent exists: RF=AW/3, CF=AW/3 and
R=2 AW/3 where RF is the length of the flat flange portion means,
CF is the length of the tubular means portion, R is the radius of
the arcuated means portion and AW is the projected axial width of
the fan said fan means striking out a front and rear plane, said
front plane intersecting said tubular means portion and said rear
plane means intersecting said flat flange portion; and
a plurality of interruption section means in said exit shroud means
extending through said flat flange portion means and said arcuated
means whereby the continuity and air flow characteristics of said
exit shroud are changed such that radial and axial air streams are
created.
5. The shroud exit section of claim 4 wherein said tubular means
portion is secured to said shroud around the entire circumference
thereof forming a junction section; and
said front plane struck out by said fan means intersects said
junction section.
6. A vehicle having an operator station and an internal combustion
engine, a radiator for cooling liquid from said engine, an axial
flow fan axially facing said radiator and including a plurality of
angular blades drawing air rearwardly through said radiator, and a
shroud rearwardly extending from said radiator wherein the
improvement comprises:
a unitary fan shroud exit means secured to said shroud and
extending rearwardly and outwardly including: a cylindrical throat
means defining a leading edge, a radial expanding means and a
radial flat means defining a trailing edge; said fan being enclosed
therein, said blade means striking out a front plane coextensive
with said cylindrical throat means wherein the following
relationship exists: RF = AW/3, CF = AW/3, and R = 2AW/3 where RF
is the length of the radial flat portion, CF is the length of the
cylindrical throat, R is the radius of the radial expanding section
and AW is the projected axial width of the fan; and interruption
means extending into said fan shroud exit means whereby the fan
induced stream of air is divided into axially and radially
flows.
7. The improvement of claim 6 wherein:
said fan shroud exit means is secured to said shroud around its
entire circumference; and
said interruption section means has a rear edge means, whereby a
plane perpendicular to said edge means intersects said fan blade
means between said front plane and said rear plane.
Description
This invention relates to a cooling assembly and more particularly
to a contoured fan shroud exit section having interruptions therein
and a fan located therein.
Most vehicles in general used today are driven by internal
combustion engines. These engines being heat producing are for the
most part water cooled, that is, the engine is jacketed for
circulation of water which takes up the heat and subsequently
transfers it to the atmosphere. The radiator is used for cooling
the liquid circulating through the engine by dissipating the heat
to an air stream. The air flowing through the radiator absorbs the
heat and carries it out into the atmosphere. Different types of fan
systems are used to achieve the necessary air velocity through the
radiator. That is, some fan assemblies draw air from the atmosphere
through the radiator and back over the engine thereafter exiting to
the atmosphere. This type of fan is known as an axial flow suction
fan, drawing air axially through the radiator and discharging into
the engine compartment. Other fans work in the reversed manner,
that is, they draw air from the engine compartment wherefrom it is
blown forwardly through the radiator to achieve the necessary
radiator cooling. This latter system is often employed when the
vehicle is performing tasks that generate large amounts of dust or
air borne particles, to keep such material from settling in the
engine compartment or where thermal and/or air pollution are
detrimental to operator environment. This dust problem is found in
many cases to have a detrimental effect upon the engine and its
performance while heat and noise reduce the efficiency of the
operator. Baffle systems are often involved to redirect the air
drawn rearwardly by the suction fan, however, such devices are
often complicated and as is apparent employ additional parts,
labor, and services. The reverse or forwardly blown air through the
radiator also suffered from the fact that the air was often heated
substantially by the passage around the hot engine and, depending
upon how fast the vehicle was moving forwardly necessitated
additional fan power to overcome the rearward vehicle generated air
stream. With the increase in power delivered to the fan, fuel
consumption increased and noise pollution increased.
It is thus apparent that both above methods possess characteristics
which are far from that which are desirable. It is therefore an
object of this invention to provide a cooling assembly which
generates simultaneously axially and radial air streams. Yet
another object of this invention is to provide an air exit section
for a fan shroud which directs parts of the fan generated air
stream axially and parts radially. Still another object of this
invention is to provide an air exit section having interrupted
sections which discharge an air stream axially. A further object of
this invention is to provide a shroud exit section having a
plurality of interrupted sections and radial flat portions whereby
air is discharged axially and radially respectively.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of this invention a
vehicle is provided having a fluid cooled internal combustion
engine and a radiator cooling system for dissipating the heat
produced. The radiator cooling system includes a standard radiator,
an axial flow fan facing the radiator and having a plurality of
angular blades whereby air is drawn rearwardly through the
radiator. A shroud rearwardly extends from the back face of the
radiator to channel air through the radiator and hamper the fan
from drawing air which has not passed through or at least come in
contact with the perforated heat exchanging surfaces of the
radiator. For the most part the shroud encloses the entire
perforated heat exchanging rear area of the radiator. A fan shroud
exit means is also provided having secured to the backwardly
extending portion of the fan shroud and extending rearwardly
thereof as well as outwardly. As will be later explained it is the
particular contour of this exit section in combination with an
axial flow fan located therein, the location thereof also being
important, which allows the air stream to be converged and part
directed radially and part axially away. The simultaneous discharge
of air via axial and radial flow paths around the circumference of
the shroud exit allows avoidance of structural obstructions etc.,
while still achieving an optimum air flow. As is apparent this
invention is also applicable to a stationary engine where it is
desired to tailor the air stream.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent
upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference
to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of an internal combustion engine showing
the device of my invention attached to a vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary vertical section showing the relationship
of the fan to the contoured exit section;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a tractor showing the air stream of the
prior art fan assemblies;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a tractor showing the directed air stream
achieved with the radiator cooling assembly herein disclosed;
FIG. 5 is a rear view of the shroud exit section showing one
embodiment of the interruption section means;
FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a rear view of the shroud exit section showing a second
embodiment of the interruption section means; and
FIG. 8 is a top view of the shroud exit of FIG. 7.
While the invention will be described in connection with a
preferred embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended
to limit the invention to that embodiment. On the contrary, it is
intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents
as may be included within the spirit and scope of this invention as
defined by the appended claims.
Turning first to FIG. 1 there is shown a conventional water cooled
heat producing internal combustion engine means 10 forwardly
carried on longitudinally extending parallel support means 12 of
vehicle means 14. As shown herein vehicle means 14 is a tractor,
however, as will hereafter become more apparent this invention can
be applied to any type of vehicle employing a heat generating
internal combustion engine or any other portable or stationary
device requiring an air moving fan. Forwardly mounted is a water
cooling radiator means 16 employed to dissipate the engine
generated heat. Water flows between the water jacket on the engine
(not shown) and the radiator through a series of fluid
communicating means 18 and 20. In this particular embodiment sheet
metal means 22 encircles engine means 10 thereby forming the engine
compartment area means 24.
Carried at the forward end of engine means 10 is a fan shaft means
26 whereby power is delivered to drive fan means 28. As is
apparent, the particular mode whereby power is transmitted thereto
is not critical and belts and pulleys could also be employed. As
employed here, fan means 28 is a rotatable suction fan positioned
opposite the radiator means 16, and normally creating a flow of air
or drawing in a stream of cooling air rearwardly through the
radiator with a subsequent axial discharge thereof. This axial flow
of air is directed to the fan means by a shroud means 30. The
particular shape of the forward section 32 is dependent upon the
shape and design of the perforated heat exchanging design of the
radiator. The nature of the connection between the leading edge 32
and the rear face 34 of the radiator will be dependent upon the
particular characteristics of these componets, that is, some
connections being provided with air gaps while others are
substantially sealed over the entire circumference of the
enclosure. In the preferred form of this invention the entire
perforated area is substantially sealed against the passage of air
from any other direction except through the radiator. From the
forward edges the shroud means 30 (be it a taper transition as
shown or a box type) converges rearwardly to a circular rear
section 36.
Referring now to FIG. 2 wherein is more clearly shown a shroud exit
means 38 extending rearwadly and outwardly from shroud edge 36. The
connection between the shroud and the shroud exit can be achieved
by any suitable means, however, it is desirable that such
connection be relatively free of gaps or spaces which would allow
the passage of air. Exit shroud means 38 includes a tubular means
40, an arcuated means portion 42 and a flat flange portion means
44. For the most part tubular means portion 40 forms the leading
edge of the exit shroud means while arcuated means portion 42 still
extending generally rearwardly simultaneously extends outwardly
around an arch the reference point of which is defined as point 46.
That is, arcuated section 42 has a general bell-shaped appearance
being a section of a transition surface or some approximation
thereof. In the preferred embodiment arcuated section 42 is a
section of a constant radius arch. Flat flange portion 44 forms the
trailing edge of exit shroud means 38 and has a major plane
perpendicular to that of tubular section 40. For purposes of
simplicity, tubular means 40 will be hereafter referred to as the
cylindrical throat means, arcuated portion 42 will be referred to
as the radial expanding means and flat flange portion 44 will be
referred to as radial flat means. Overall the entire fan shroud
exit means 38 has a horn-like configuration.
As previously stated, fan means 28 is rotatingly carried adjacent
said radiator means and operably to establish a flow of cooling air
therethrough. Fan means 28 includes a plurality of fan blade means
48 (only one shown) as is well known in the art. As shown in FIG. 2
fan means 28 is surrounded by said contoured fan shroud exit
section 38. The enclosure of the fan means 28 within shroud means
30 is such that a front plane struck out by the leading edge 50 is
coextensive and passes through the leading section of throat means
40 and a rear plane struck out by trailing edge 52 is about
coextensive and parallel with said radial flat portion 44. It
should be noted, however, that there is a plus or minus error
factor involved in both of these values of about 12 percent of AW.
That is, the respective planes formed by the blade means can be
within about 12 percent of optimum and still function
satisfactorily within the scope of this invention. Thus, within
this range the deflected air stream will still be substantially
radial.
It has been determined, however, that best results are obtained
when the front plane struck out by leading edge means 50 passes
through the juncture point between converging shroud 36 and the
throat section 40. Even more determinative on the result is the
relationship between the rear plane and the radial flat portion 44.
Overall performance is achieved when the rear plane and the radial
flat portion 44 are coextensive and parallel. Deviations from this
orientation cause the air stream to change more rapidly than
corresponding percentage changes in the front plane location.
The following relationship exists between these parameters: RF =
AW/3, CF = AW/3, and R = 2AW/3 there RF is the length of the radial
flat portion 44, CF is the length of the cylindrical throat section
40 and R is a radius of the radial expanding section 42 or distance
from the reference point to the transition surface and AW is the
projected axial width of fan 28.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show the path in which air is dispersed by the fan
means comprising again a standard assembly and the improved
assembly, the improved assembly having louver means 56 to
facilitate air dispersement.
The amount or relation of the fan means 28 to the exit section
means 38 is most conveniently expressed in terms of the amount of
the fan which is exposed past the end of the shroud or projects
rearwardly thereof. It has been found that a X.sub.E equal to zero
gives optimum results; however, reasonable results can be achieved
by having X.sub.E about equal to plus or minus 12 percent of AW.
That is, as explained previously when the plane swept out by the
rear edge is coextensive with the surface of the radial flat or
within the tolerance set forth. By changing the orientation of the
fan with respect to the fan exit section it is also possible to
direct the air stream, straight back, at an angle off radial, etc.,
depending on preference and need.
Referring now to FIGS. 5 - 8 wherein are shown different
embodiments of the interruption section means whereby the
discharged air stream is part radial and part axially. Hence, it is
possible to tailor the pattern of air discharged from shroud exit
38. The interruption section means 51 and 51a shown in FIG. 5
extend through both the radial flat means 44 and the transitional
surface means 42. The interruption section means 51b and 51c shown
in FIG. 7 extend through both the radial flat means 44 and the
transitional surface means 42 and also forms an extension of the
cylindrical throat means 40.
In these embodiments as well as others which will be apparent
therefrom, in the transitional zones such as at 53 between the
interrupted means section and the contoured sections there is mixed
radial and axial air flow. However, the air flow away therefrom is
basically axial.
As is apparent there can be a plurality of interruption section
means of different design and location. Additionally if the
cylindrical throat means 40 is cut back as abreviated throat means
55 it is possible to direct the straight axial flow radially. That
is, the rear edge means 57 can be in a plane parallel with the
plane passing through radial flat means 44 but transistionally
disposed thereof. That is, a third plane perpendicular to edge
means 57 would pass through fan means 28 some where between its
front and rear plane. Such horizontal movement allows for further
control of the air stream exiting adjacent the interruption
section.
It is thus apparent that by the provision of the basic shroud exit
as above described and in copending application Ser. No. 348,436,
filed the same day as this application, radial air flow can be
achieved. This shroud exit can thereafter be modified with
interruption section means to simultaneously achieve axial air
flow. Such axial flow being desired to direct air around structural
obstructions, or through limited openings or to direct a warm air
flow toward or away from the operator station, etc. Such conditions
if not corrected as herein described hamper the movement of air,
reduce the overall system efficiency, lead to the generation of
higher noise levels etc.
Thus it is apparent that there has been provided, in accordance
with the invention, a shroud exit having interruptions therein that
fully satisfies the objects, aims, and advantages set forth above.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific
embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives,
modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in
the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is
intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and
variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *