U.S. patent number 3,858,284 [Application Number 05/407,770] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-07 for method of spacing the plates of a gaseous discharge device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Michael J. Costa, James C. Greeson, Jr., Peter H. Haberland.
United States Patent |
3,858,284 |
Costa , et al. |
January 7, 1975 |
METHOD OF SPACING THE PLATES OF A GASEOUS DISCHARGE DEVICE
Abstract
A pair of glass plates of a gaseous discharge display or memory
device are held precisely spaced by two sets of identically sized
overlapping spacer rods. The rods crisscross orthogonally within a
sealed gas-containing chamber to create gaps through which the gas
can flow without significant restriction between areas of the
chamber separated by said rods. Sealing rods of glass having a
softening temperature lower than that of the spacer rods are
disposed like a border around the spacer rods and are of
significantly greater diameter or height than the combined height
of the two superposed sets of spacer rods. Initially the upper
plate is supported solely by sealing rods; but upon heating of the
assemblage, the sealing rod glass reflows, and the upper plate
settles until it contacts the upper set of spacer rods; whereupon
the assembly is cooled and the sealing rods fuse with the plates to
create an impermeable chamber between the now precisely spaced
plates.
Inventors: |
Costa; Michael J.
(Poughkeepsie, NY), Greeson, Jr.; James C. (Woodstock,
NY), Haberland; Peter H. (Woodstock, NY) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
26941644 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/407,770 |
Filed: |
October 18, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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251483 |
May 8, 1972 |
3808497 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
445/25;
313/584 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11C
11/28 (20130101); H01J 9/261 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G11C
11/28 (20060101); H01J 9/26 (20060101); G11C
11/21 (20060101); H01j 009/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;29/25.13 ;316/19,20
;313/182,109.5,204,220,268 ;315/169R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
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|
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3602754 |
August 1971 |
Pfaender et al. |
3602756 |
August 1971 |
Bonnet |
3778127 |
December 1973 |
Langston, Jr. et al. |
|
Primary Examiner: Dost; Gerald A.
Assistant Examiner: Davie; James W.
Parent Case Text
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 251,483 now
U.S. Pat. No. 3,808,497 filed May 8, 1972 entitled, Gaseous
Discharge Device and Method of Spacing The Plates Thereof, assigned
to the assignee of the present invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of sealing flat surfaces of two members in overlying
relation at a precise preselected distance to create an impermeable
chamber of constant height divided into areas by spacer elements
that do not significantly impede flow of gas between such areas in
the chamber, comprising the steps of
providing two substantially transparent flat members, each said
member having parallel conductors overcoated with a thin layer of
dielectric material,
placing on one of the members a border of unfused heat-fusible
material having a height significantly greater than said constant
height,
placing spacer elements of substantially identical thickness in a
two-stratum crisscross pattern within said border to a combined
height significantly less than the minimum height of said
material,
placing the other member with its flat surface supported on said
heat-fusible material, and
heating such assemblage to a temperature above the softening point
of said sealing material but below the softening point of the
spacer elements to effect fusion of said material and members to
create said chamber as, and in consequence of, said other member
settling during such heating and fusing until it is supported at
said constant height by said crisscrossed arrangement of spacer
elements.
2. A method of making a gaseous discharge display device,
comprising the steps of
providing two substantially transparent flat members, each with
conductor arrays overcoated with a dielectric material,
placing unfused heat-fusible sealing material over the dielectric
material on one of the members as a frame-like border enclosing the
major portion of its conductor array, said border having a height
substantially greater than the final constant spacing desired
between said members,
disposing two sets of spacer elements of identical height between
the members to create an assemblage in which the elements
orthogonally overlap in a lattice-like relation within the bordered
area, elements of one set resting on said one member and supporting
overlying elements of the other set, the combined thickness of both
sets of elements being substantially less than the height of said
border so that said other member is initially supported by the
sealing material, and
heating the assemblage to a temperature above the softening point
of said sealing material but below the softening point of the
spacer elements to effect fusion of said sealing material and
members to create an impermeable chamber for confining a
predetermined volume of gas, said other member settling during such
heating and fusing until it is supported at said final constant
spacing by said lattice arrangement of overlapping elements to
permit the gas to flow without significant restriction to
substantially all areas of said sealed member separated by said
spacer elements.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the conductors of each member are disposed orthogonally to the
conductors of the other member, and
spacer elements of said one set are disposed equidistant between,
and extend parallel to, pairs of adjacent conductors on the said
one member, and
spacer elements of said other set are disposed equidistant between,
and extend parallel to, pairs of adjacent conductors on said other
member.
4. A method of making a gaseous discharge display device,
comprising the steps of
providing two transparent flat members, each with conductor arrays
formed on a substrate and overcoated with a layer of a dielectric
material,
placing unfused heat-fusible sealing material over the dielectric
material on one of the members as a frame-like border enclosing the
major portion of its conductor array, said border having a height
substantially greater than the final constant spacing desired
between said members,
disposing two sets of spacer elements of identical height between
the members to create an assemblage in which the elements
orthogonally overlap in a lattice-like relation within the bordered
area, elements of one set resting on the layer of said one member
and supporting overlying elements of the other set, the combined
thickness of both sets of elements being substantially less than
the height of said border so that said other member is initially
supported by the sealing material, and
heating the assemblage to a temperature above the softening point
of said sealing material and dielectric material but below the
softening point of the spacer elements to effect fusion of said
sealing material and members to create an impermeable chamber for
confining a predetermined volume of gas, said other member and both
spacer elements settling during such heating and fusing until said
other member is supported at said final constant spacing by said
lattice arrangement of overlapping spacer elements to permit the
gas to flow without significant restriction to substantially all
areas of said sealed members separated by said spacer elements,
said spacer elements penetrating said layers of dielectric material
substantially into contact with the substrates.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
U.S. Pat. application of R. Langston et al., Ser. No. 214,298,
filed Dec. 30, 1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,778,127, entitled "Sealing
Technique for Gas Panel," assigned to the assignee of the present
invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to gas discharge display and/or memory
devices, and more particularly to improved devices of this type
embodying a method of spacing the plates with spacer elements that
do not inhibit flow of gas particles between areas separated by
such spacer elements.
In the above-referenced copending application of R. Langston et
al., there is disclosed a gaseous discharge display device in which
the superposed glass plates are accurately spaced apart using a
combination of low-softening-point sealing rods and
high-softening-point spacer rods. The large diameter sealing rods
are orthogonally arranged in a window frame-like border around the
significantly smaller diameter orthogonally arranged single layer
of spacer rods. When the plates and rods are heated, the glass of
the sealing rods reflows, causing the upper glass plate to settle
gradually into contact with the high-softening-point spacer rods
for accurately spacing the upper plate relative to the lower plate.
When the assembly is cooled, the sealing rods fuse to the plates,
creating a chamber of precise constant height into which an
illuminable gas is later introduced and sealed.
This device and method are very satisfactory where the area of the
plates is relatively small and the spacer rods need only frame the
display area. However, as the plate area and hence the display area
are increased, spacer rods must be introduced at other intermediate
locations within the chamber to maintain the critical precise
spacing between the plates. In such case, the spacer rods can
extend only a short distance in either direction because wherever
they are present (except at the edges of the display area) they
present a barrier. This barrier impedes the flow of gas particles,
metastable ions, photons, etc., between adjacent areas separated by
the spacer rods; and it can also inhibit conditioning of cells,
especially those immediately adjacent the spacer rods.
There is a need for a spacing arrangement that will provide
accurate spacing of glass plates in gaseous discharge devices
having large display areas requiring spacers at various places
within the display area as well as around the periphery thereof. It
would also be desirable to minimize the size of the spacer elements
for aesthetic reasons so they will not be visible and mar the
display area, and at the same time provide greater latitude in
their location.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Toward this end, and according to the invention, applicants have
found that these objectives can be achieved by an improved gaseous
discharge display and/or memory device and method which, insofar as
is known, have never heretofore been proposed. In this device and
according to applicants' improved spacing method, the plates are
held precisely spaced at a preselected constant distance by two
sets of identically sized crisscrossing spacer rods disposed
orthogonally with respect to each other in overlapping lattice-like
contact within the sealed gas-containing chamber. The spacer rods
of one set contact the dielectric coating over the parallel
conductors on one of the plates; and the spacer rods of the other
set contact the dielectric coating over the orthogonally arranged
parallel conductors on the other plate. Since these spacer rods
have diameters equal to only one-half of said preselectd constant
distance, flow of gas particles between areas separated by the
spacer rods is not significantly impeded. The spacer rods
associated with the conductors on each plate are disposed between,
and extend parallel to, the conductors on that particular plate.
The diameters of the spacer rods preferably vary between
approximately 0.002 inch and 0.0037 inch, according to which of the
embodiments, hereinafter described, is employed.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the
following more detailed description of the invention and from the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view, partly broken away, of a
gaseous discharge display device embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view, to substantially enlarged
scale, taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1, showing a preferred
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view, to somewhat exaggerated scale, showing
the assemblage before a heat fusion step that results in the
configuration shown in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view, similar to FIG. 2, but
showing an alternate embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The gaseous discharge display and/or memory device constructed
according to this embodiment and illustrated in FIGS. 1-3
comprises, briefly, an upper glass plate 10 and a lower glass plate
11, each including substrates 12,13, respectively, on the facing
surfaces of which are formed passivated metalized conductor arrays
14,15, respectively. As illustrated, the arrays 14,15 each comprise
respective pluralities of parallel conductors, the conductors of
array 14 being disposed orthogonally relative to those of array 15.
The ends of the array on each plate extend beyond the edges of the
other plate to facilitate connection to alternate conductors of the
array, in conventional manner. As best shown in FIGS. 2,3, the
conductors of each array 14,15 are overlaid with respective
transparent dielectric coatings 16,17, preferably of glass, which
provide flat surfaces 18,19, respectively.
The plates 10,11 are fused into an integrated structure in the
following manner. Unfused, heat-fusible sealing material,
preferably in the form of rods 20 of low-softening-point glass, are
placed in a window-frame border-like pattern on surface 19 of lower
plate 11. These rods 20 are of an identical diameter that is
significantly greater than the precise preselected distance at
which these plates are ultimately to be joined. According to the
invention, two sets of identically sized upper and lower spacer
rods 21,22 are then placed in overlaying relation in a two-stratum
crisscross pattern within the border. The lower rods 22 extend
parallel to, and are equidistantly spaced between, adjacent pairs
of conductors in array 15 and rest on flat surface 19; whereas
upper rods 21 overlay and rest on lower rods 22 in a predetermined
lateral spacing hereinafter to be described. As will be noted from
FIG. 3, the combined height of the overlapped rods 21,22 is
substantially less than the diameter of the sealing rods 20.
The upper plate 10 is now positioned over the lower plate 11 with
upper plate surface 18 contacting sealing rods 20 and transversely
positioned such that the upper spacer rods 21 extend parallel to,
and equidistant from, but substantially below, pairs of adjacent
conductors of array 14 (as a result of the aforesaid predetermined
spacing of rods 21 on rods 22). Rods 21,22, which are preferably
formed of glass, have a significantly higher softening point than
that of the sealing rods. Hence, when the unfused assemblage of
discrete parts is thereafter heated in a vacuum oven to a
temperature sufficient to cause melting and reflow of the sealing
material of rods 20, upper plate 10 will gradually settle from the
position shown in FIG. 3 until surface 18 contacts upper spacer
rods 21, as shown in FIG. 2.
The assemblage is now permitted to cool, causing the now reflowed
sealing material, designated 20' in FIG. 2, to fuse to the surfaces
18,19 of the respective dielectric layers 16,17 and thereby fuse
plates 11 into an integrated structure having an impermeable
chamber 23 sealed about its periphery by the material 20'. In
accordance with conventional practice, this chamber 23 is now
evacuated via an exhaust tube 24 (FIG. 1), then charged with an
illuminable gas at appropriate pressure; whereupon the tube is
sealed to permanently entrap the gas within the chamber.
It will thus be seen that according to a feature of the invention,
the plates will be maintained at a precise preselected distance by
the crisscross pattern of overlapping spacer rods 21,22. Because
these spacer rods have a diameter which is equal to only one-half
of the total constant space between the surfaces 18,19, the gas
particles, metastable ions, protons, etc., may flow without
significant restriction between the various areas into which the
chamber 23 is separated by the lattice arrangement of spacer
rods.
In the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the sealing rods
20 preferably have a diameter of about 0.040 inch, and the spacer
rods 21,22 preferably have a diameter of approximately 0.002 inch;
and dielectric coatings 16,17 have a softening temperature which is
above the temperature to which the assemblage is subjected during
the above-described fusing operation so that the rods 21,22 will
contact, but not penetrate, the dielectric surfaces 18,19. With
this arrangement, the small size of the spacer rods renders them
substantially indistinguishable from the glass plates and hence is
aesthetically desirable. Also, blocking of the display area at the
crossover points of the respective rods 21,22 is minimized by
spacing these rods between conductors so as not to blank out any
appreciable illumination upon firing of cells comprised of
conductors adjacent to these rods.
DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATE EMBODIMENT
The device and sealing method employed according to this embodiment
(see FIG. 4) are identical with those already described in
connection with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, except in the
following respects: According to the instant embodiment, the upper
and lower spacing rods 21',22' , respectively, are of somewhat
larger diameter, such as 0.0037 inch; and the coatings 16',17' are
of a dielectric having a softening temperature which is below the
temperature to which the assemblage is heated during the fusing
process. As a result, the spacer rods 21',22' will penetrate the
dielectric coatings until they contact the surfaces of the
respective substrates 12,13. Thus the constant spacing between the
plates will be defined by respective contacts of the spacer rods
21',22' with the substrates rather than with the dielectric
coatings; however, the actual constant height of the chamber 23
will still be that corresponding to the precisely fixed spacing
between the flat portions of surfaces 18',19' .
It is to be understood that the conductor configuration and
composition, the specific oven structure and temperatures used for
the fusing operation, and the apparatus by which the chamber 23 is
evacuated and then charged with illuminable gas may be as taught in
the prior art, such as the above-referenced Langston et al.
application; and hence they have not been described here in any
more detail than is necessary for an understanding of the present
invention.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to
preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various
substitutions and changes in form and detail may be made by those
skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of
the invention. Accordingly, the gas discharge display and/or memory
device herein disclosed and the method of making same are to be
considered merely as illustrative, and the scope of the invention
is to be limited only as specified in the claims.
* * * * *