U.S. patent number 3,858,192 [Application Number 05/317,981] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-31 for intrusion detector alarm system having logic circuitry for inhibiting false alarms.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Barnes Engineering Company. Invention is credited to Lawrence E. Fischer.
United States Patent |
3,858,192 |
Fischer |
December 31, 1974 |
INTRUSION DETECTOR ALARM SYSTEM HAVING LOGIC CIRCUITRY FOR
INHIBITING FALSE ALARMS
Abstract
Passive intrusion detector logic circuitry is provided which
requires two input signals within a specified time period, provides
surveillance of all input and output wire terminations, and no
possibility of an alarm condition existing at the time when the
power is turned on. The circuitry adheres to the Underwriters'
Laboratories internal interference specification and incorporates a
walk-test circuit for on-line system tests. The above reduction in
the possibility of false alarm rate and the tamper-proof provisions
are accomplished using two high-noise-immunity logic hex gates and
four transistors. An alarm condition exists when two signals occur
at the input to the logic circuitry within five seconds of each
other, with all other possibilities seen by the circuitry as a safe
condition. This reduces the possibility of false alarms due to
sudden surges on the supply line, hot air currents, etc. Also, an
alarm condition will occur if any one or all of the external
connections to the intrusion detector are cut. An alarm inhibit
circuit is incorporated in the logic circuitry to delay any alarm
from occuring for approximately 25 seconds to take care of the
settling time needed at the preamp section after power turn-on or
intermittent power interruptions during the operation.
Inventors: |
Fischer; Lawrence E.
(Bridgeport, CT) |
Assignee: |
Barnes Engineering Company
(Stamford, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23236112 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/317,981 |
Filed: |
December 26, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/528;
340/555 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08B
13/1895 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08B
13/189 (20060101); G08b 013/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/258R,258D,256,214,409,415 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Swann, III; Glen R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Levinson, Esq.; Joseph
Claims
I claim:
1. Intrusion detector logic circuitry for producing an output alarm
signal on a predetermined input signal sequence from a detector
array comprising, in combination,
a. a passive detector array having a predetermined field of view
for producing a signal sequence when an intruder moves in the field
of view of said detector array,
b. means for applying said signal sequence to one of the inputs of
a pair of dual input retriggerable one-shot circuits having a
single output at which an alarm signal is generated when said
signal sequence occurs within a predetermined time interval,
c. gating means having first and second inputs and an output, said
single output of said pair of retriggerable one-shot circuits
coupled to said first input of said gating means for passing an
alarm signal to said output thereof, and
d. feedback means coupled between the output of said gating means
to the other inputs of said dual input retriggerable one-shot
circuits for retriggering said one-shot circuits to assure an alarm
signal at the output of said gating means of predetermined duration
regardless of the time difference in the input signal sequence as
long as the sequence occurs within a predetermined time
interval.
2. The intrusion logic circuitry set forth in claim 1 having an
alarm inhibit circuit coupled between a source of power for the
logic circuitry and said second input of said gating means for
inhibiting said gating means for a predetermined time interval when
the power is first turned on or subsequently interrupted.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Numerous passive-type infrared intrusion alarm systems have been
proposed in which the radiation generated by the intruder is
detected by an infrared detector, producing a detector output which
is processed and used to provide an alarm, either visually or
audibly, or by some other means, such as dialing a telephone number
or transmitting a signal to a central alarm station to indicate the
presence of an intruder. One of the principal problems associated
with such systems is to cut down the possibility of false alarms.
Since everything above absolute zero emits infrared radiation of
varying amounts, the system will detect temperature changes no
matter what brings about the temperature change, for example,
changing background levels, heaters or airconditioners going on or
off, etc. If the false alarm rate is too high, the purpose of the
system is defeated. Also, any system that is provided must be
capable of providing alarms when the system is tampered with, such
as the lines being cut, but at the same time it must be able to be
tested so that those supervising it know when it is operating
properly. The system must also meet Underwriter Laboratories
specifications on power interruptions so that alarms will not be
given on momentary changes or surges in the power sources.
Furthermore, to be feasible such circuitry must be simple,
relatively inexpensive, and small in size so that it cannot be
readily detected by intruders.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
new and improved intrusion detector logic circuitry which is
relatively tamper-proof.
A further object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
intrusion detector logic circuitry which reduces the possibility of
false alarms.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a new and
improved intrusion detector logic circuit having no possibility of
an alarm condition when the power is turned on, and which adheres
to the Underwriters' Laboratories internal interference
specification.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a new and
improved intrusion detector logic circuitry which has a small part
count and minimal power requirements.
In carrying out this invention in one illustrative embodiment
thereof, the intrusion detector logic circuitry embodied in this
invention requires two input signals within a specified time period
before an alarm condition exists. The circuitry requires two high
noise immunity logic (i.e. high threshold logic) hex gates and four
transistors. An alarm inhibit circuit is incorporated therein to
prevent an alarm condition at the time of power turn-on, and to
take care of momentary interruptions in the power supply, which
adheres to the Underwriters' Laboratories internal interference
specification. The circuit also includes a walk-test circuit which
may be utilized to test the logic without activating the system
alarm.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the new and improved intrustion
detector logic circuitry embodied in this invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing one form of terminal and
control panel schematic which may be utilized employing the logic
circuitry of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the following description, and for ease of terminology,
"logic-0" refers to conduction, 0 voltage level, or low state,
while "logic-1" refers to non-conducting, plus voltage level, or
high state. An alarm condition is referred to as an alarm and a
safe condition means no alarm.
Referring now to FIG. 1, radiation is applied from a field of view
and focused by a lens 10 on a detector array 12. An infrared
intrusion sensor such as that disclosed in application Ser. No.
317,983 filed concurrently herewith, which is assigned to the
assignee of the present invention, is an illustrative example of
one form of sensor which may be utilized. Various detector arrays
may be utilized, but all that is essential is that a plurality of
signals are generated as an intruder moves across the various
detectors' fields of view. In the aforesaid application, detectors
are arranged in columns which are alternately positive- and
negative-going, such that when an intruder crosses the field of
view, positive- and negative-going pulses are alternately generated
in accordance with the movement. Signals from the detector array 12
are applied to a preamplifier 14 and from there in the form of
waveforms 13 to a dual threshold detector 16 which, if the signals
are of sufficient amplitude, produces output signals 15 and 17
which are applied via lines 19 and 21 to the logic circuitry. Power
is applied to the system through input terminals 18 and 20 via a
diode 22 and across a capacitor 24. The capacitor 24 maintains the
DC input voltage for a finite period and diode 22 prevents the
capacitor from discharging into the power supply during power
interruptions.
The signal 15 is applied via line 21 to one of the two inputs of a
two input NAND gate 26, the output 27 thereof being applied to an
inverter 28 whose output is shown in waveform 29. Signal 29 is
applied via resistor 30 to the base of an emitter-follower
transistor 34. B+ is supplied via resistor 31 and the base of
transistor 34 is connected via capacitor 32 to a ground. The output
of transistor 34 is shown by waveform 35 which is applied to
inverter 36 whose output is shown at 37. Elements 26 through 36
comprise a retriggerable one-shot circuit which has trigger inputs
via line 21 and 72. Waveform 17 is applied via line 19 to the input
of gate 38 to inverter 40, and via resistor 42 to the base of an
emitter-follower transistor 48 with B+ supplied via resistor 46 and
a capacitor 44 connected to the base of transistor 48. The output
of transistor 48 is applied to inverter 50, whose output is again
shown as waveform 37. The elements 38 through 50 also comprise a
retriggerable one-shot circuit with the trigger input being applied
via line 21 and 2. Each retriggerable one-shot circuit has a common
retrigger input via line 72. The line 72 input initiates a timing
cycle to both one-shots simultaneously, and will be explained
hereinafter. In operation, there will be a positive output pulse 37
at the output of inverters 36 and 50, if the negative trigger
pulses at the input lines 21 and 19 occur within 5 seconds of each
other. This is due to the fact that inverters 36 and 50 are the
equivalent of a wired NOR gate. The waveform 37 (high output) will
only occur at the combined output of inverters 36 and 50 if the
input to inverter 36 and the input to inverter 50 are both low and
both occur within a 5-second interval. The waveform 37 indicates an
alarm condition. The alarm condition can only occur if the pulses
15 and 17 on lines 21 and 19 cause capacitors 32 and 44 to
discharge, generating a 5-second low state at the inputs of
inverters 36 and 50. Unless both signals are at the input of
inverters 36 and 50 within 5 seconds of each other, no alarm state
(waveform 37) at the combined output of gates 36 and 50 will exist.
The timing cycles are determined by resistor 31 and capacitor 32,
and resistor 46 and capacitor 44, respectively. Accordingly, if an
intruder walks between two detector fields within a 5-second
interval, an output occurs in the form of waveform 37 at the
outputs of inverters 36 and 50. Resistor 31 and capacitor 32, and
resistor 46 and capacitor 44 generate 5-second pulses, and
transistors 34 and 48 act as buffers to isolate resistor 31 and
resistor 46, respectively. Thus, if the second pulse occurs within
the 5-second period, an output in the form of waveform 37 appears.
This output is applied to a gate 52. The elements 26, 38, 28, 36,
42 and 50 may be provided in the form of an integrated current (IC)
referred to as a HiNIL (high noise immunity logic) hex gate, made
by Teledyne, Inc.
An alarm inhibit is provided in the form of a voltage divider 58
and 60, having B+ supplied thereto and a capacitor 56 connected
across resistor 58, the output of which is applied to inverter 62
which is connected to another inverter 64 and through an RC network
66 and 68 to an emitter-follower transistor 70. The transistor
output is connected to the input of inverter gate 52. For an output
waveform 53 to occur from gate 52, the output of transistor 70 must
be high, thus non-conductive, for an alarm pulse to be generated.
The output of transistor 70 will be high if capacitor 68 is charged
to a voltage greater than the threshold of gate 52 minus the
V.sub.BE drop at transistor 70. When power is first turned on,
capacitor 68 has no charge, thus inhibiting gate 52 for
approximately 25 seconds, the time period of which is determined by
the time constant of RC circuit 87 and 68. Capacitor 68 can charge
only if the output of inverter 64 is high or non-conducting, which
will be the case if the power supply voltage is equal to or greater
than 10 v. as monitored by the voltage divider 58 and 60. If the
supply voltage drops below 10 volts even for a fraction of a
second, inverter 62 input drops below its threshold level and
causes the output of inverter 64 to go low. This causes the
discharge of capacitor 68 through resistor 66 within approximately
3 milliseconds to start a new inhibit cycle of gate 52 on the
restoration of the supply voltage to its normal operating level.
Diode 22 momentarily reverses bias when the supply voltage drops,
thus slowing the discharge of capacitor 24, which is the supply
voltage decoupling capacitor. This is required for the logic
circuitry to be operational long enough to allow inverter 64 output
to go low and discharge capacitor 68, starting a new inhibit cycle
every time the supply voltage drops below 10 volts.
The gate 52 thus has two inputs, one from the outputs of inverters
36 and 50 and one from the output of the inhibit circuit from
transistor 70. For an alarm pulse 53 to occur at the output of gate
52, waveform 37 must appear at the input of gate 52, and transistor
70 must be nonconductive, or high. At the instant that the output
of gate 52 goes toward a negative state an alarm condition exists,
indicated by waveform 53, and both one-shots are retriggered via
line 72, capacitor 74, and resistor 76, which assures that a
5-second alarm pulse at the output of gate 52 occurs regardless of
the time difference between the input signals to the gates 26 and
38. The waveform 53 is applied to an output gate 54 which inverts
the waveform 53 and provides an alarm output at terminal 86. Output
gate 54 also has applied thereto line 88 from alarm input gates 80
and 84, whose input lines 78 and 82 are from other alarm outputs
being monitored, or when not in use alarm inputs 78 and 82 are tied
to terminal 20 (return). The alarm output at terminal 86 provides
no output if both inputs to the gate 54 are high. An alarm state
will occur at output terminal 86 if any one of the inputs from
gates 52, 80, or 84 is low. The output of inverters 80 and 84 will
go low if either alarm input terminal 78 or 82 goes high. In normal
operation, either one or both of the inputs 78 and 82 are connected
to another intrusion sensor unit output line, thus monitoring its
condition. The terminals 18, 20, 86, 78, 82, and 71 (walk test) all
exist at each individual intrusion sensor unit and may be used
individually or interconnected with similar units to monitor larger
areas as described hereafter.
The monitoring of a plurality of intrusion sensor units utilizing
the intrusion detector logic circuitry described in FIG. 1 may be
achieved in one form using the arrangement shown in FIG. 2. A
plurality of terminal boards 90 are serially interconnected for a
given zone A for attaching thereto in series a plurality of
intrusion sensor units shown in FIG. 1 and each having terminals
18, 20, 86, 78, 82 and 71 connected to one terminal board 90 as
shown in FIG. 2. A four-wire system is provided in the form of line
110 which represents the B+ or source of potential, a walk-test
line 112, an alarm output line 114, and a return or ground line
116. Zone B has attached thereto a plurality of intrusion sensor
units showing a serial-parallel type of arrangement. The alarm
output lines 114 of zone A and zone B are fed to a control panel
section 92, including inverter gates 94 and 96 through R-C networks
98 and 100 to fire when activated, silicon controlled rectifiers
102 to provide an alarm for zone A at 106 or for zone B at 108. The
alarm may be either visual or audible, or may be used to
automatically dial a telephone number at another central alarm
station. The alarm input terminals 78 and 82 must be connected to
another sensor alarm output line 86 for monitoring purposes, or be
connected to the return 20 or ground line 116. As is shown in FIG.
2, each alarm output terminal 86 connects to another sensor alarm
input terminal 78, or must be terminated into gates 94 and 96, or
an equivalent load tied to a B+ source of potential which would be
used to monitor that sensor. In the disclosed arrangement, an alarm
condition occurs if any one or all of the connections 110 through
116 are interrupted or cut. This is accomplished at the alarm
output by grounding the alarm input of the subsequent sensor or
input line to the control panel 92. If the alarm output line 86 is
cut, the return 116 or sink current is removed, or if the B+ line
110 is cut, the operating potential for output gate 54 (FIG. 1) is
removed, or if the return line 116 is severed, no return path
exists for the sink current. Any one of these conditions causes the
input of the gate 94 to go high, causing an alarm state. As
described above, there are also two alarm input terminals 78 amd 82
(see FIG. 1), which are used for monitoring the states of other
intrusion sensor units. These inputs must be low for a safe, or "no
alarm," condition. All unused alarm input terminals must be tied to
ground. Any one input going high will cause an alarm condition. At
the initial application of power to the sensor circuitry, an alarm
condition prevails at the signal inputs 78 and 82. This is because
the preamp section of the logic circuitry has exceedingly high
gain, is AC-coupled, and takes approximately 10 to 15 seconds to
stabilize. As has already been described, an alarm inhibit circuit
is incorporated to delay any alarm state from occurring at the
alarm output 86 for approximately 25 seconds. The alarm inhibit
circuit also takes care of momentary breaks in the power
supply.
In order to test the system to see if it is working without setting
off alarms, a walk-test circuit is provided. The walk-test line 112
includes a switch 111 for removing B+ from alarms 106 and 108 as
shown in FIG. 2 and for applying B+ to the walk-test circuitry
shown in FIG. 1, which includes resistor 63, transistor 65,
resistor 67, and a lamp 69 (see FIG. 1). In operation, switch 111
shown in FIG. 2 must first be closed, and then when the guard steps
into the field of view of the detector array 12 (FIG. 1), an alarm
condition occurs causing cut-off transistor 65 to begin to
conducting, lighting the lamp 69 (FIG. 1), showing the guard that
that sensor head is working. When the walk-tests of all of the
units are made, the walk-test switch 111 is disengaged to remove B+
from all the walk-test circuits of the units being monitored. The
typical alarm control panel 92 (FIG. 2) also includes reset
switches 104 for resetting the alarms 106 and 108 via the silicon
controlled rectifiers 102. Thus, after an alarm 106 and/or 108 is
activated, they will stay activated till reset by switches 104.
Accordingly, an alarm system is provided which requires two input
signals within a specified time period, reducing the possibility of
false alarms which are generated due to conditions other than
interruption by an intruder. Surveillance is also provided on all
input and output wire terminations for sounding an alarm if any of
the wires are cut. Due to the alarm inhibit circuit, there is no
possibility of an alarm condition existing at the time of power
turn-on, which also operates to prevent alarms during temporary
power interruptions. The circuitry also provides a walk-test
capability in which the equipment can be checked without producing
an alarm. The logic circuitry is all performed by two HiNIL (high
noise immunity logic) hex inverter gate such as Teledyne's 300
series or equivalent, which are compact, have high noise immunity
and require little power.
Since other modifications, varied to fit particular operating
requirements and environments, will be apparent to those skilled in
the art, the invention is not considered limited to the examples
chosen for purposes of disclosure, and covers all changes and
modifications which do not constitute departures from the true
spirit and scope of this invention.
* * * * *