U.S. patent number 3,858,130 [Application Number 05/421,573] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-31 for ground fault circuit breaker with cold temperature bimetal constriction.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Invention is credited to John J. Misencik.
United States Patent |
3,858,130 |
Misencik |
December 31, 1974 |
GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH COLD TEMPERATURE BIMETAL
CONSTRICTION
Abstract
A ground fault circuit interrupter characterized by a circuit
breaker and a ground fault detector contained within an insulating
housing. The circuit breaker comprises an elongated
current-carrying bimetal element for tripping a pair of cooperable
contacts from the closed to the open position, one end portion of
the bimetal element being fixedly mounted and the other end being
free to move in one direction in response to an increase in
temperature. A bi-metal stop projection within the housing to
prevent movement of the bimetal element from its latched position
to the other direction in response to extremely cold ambient
temperatures.
Inventors: |
Misencik; John J. (Shelton,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Westinghouse Electric
Corporation (Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23671119 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/421,573 |
Filed: |
December 4, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
335/18;
337/55 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
69/01 (20130101); H01H 71/16 (20130101); H01H
2011/0075 (20130101); H01H 83/226 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
71/12 (20060101); H01H 71/16 (20060101); H01H
83/00 (20060101); H01H 83/22 (20060101); H01h
083/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;335/18,37
;337/55,57 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Broome; Harold
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Johns; L. P.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A circuit breaker comprising an electrically insulating housing
and including a box-like container and a cover therefor, a circuit
breaker structure within the housing and comprising a pair of
separable contacts operable between open and closed positions, a
releasable member in an initial position and movable when released
to a tripped position to effect automatic opening of the contacts
and comprising an elongated current-carrying bimetal for tripping
the releasable member when a predetermined current overload effect
deflection of said bimetal in one direction from a latched
position, the bimetal being mounted at one end portion and disposed
in an unbiased position, bimetal stop means for preventing said
bimetal from moving in the other direction from said latched
position when the bimetal is subjected to extremely cold ambien
temperature, and the container and the cover being molded members
one of which comprises an integral molded projection at the other
end of the bimetal.
2. A ground fault circuit interrupter for use in a load center and
comprising a circuit breaker, a ground fault detector, and an
insulation housing therefor; the circuit breaker comprising a pair
of cooperable contacts operable between open and closed positions,
a releasable member in an initial position and movable when
released to a tripped position to effect automatic opening of the
contacts, an elongated current-carrying bimetal element for
tripping the releasable member when a predetermined current
overload effects deflection of said bimetal element in one
direction from a latched position, the bimetal being mounted at one
end portion and disposed in an unbiased position, bimetal stop
means for preventing said bimetal element from moving in the other
direction from said latched position when the bimetal is subjected
to extremely cold ambient temperature; the ground fault detector
comprising a current monitoring core, a plurality of primary
windings on the core, each being one of a line and a neutral
conductor of an A.C., electrical distribution system, a secondary
winding sensing current imbalance between the primary windings,
means responsive to a predetermined sensing signal to open said
line conductors, the means responsive to a predetermined sensing
signal including a pivotally movable member movable against said
bimetal element to unlatch the releasable member, and the pivotally
movable member being adjacent to the bimetal element on the side of
the bimetal stop means.
3. The ground fault circuit breaker of claim 2 in which the bimetal
stop means comprises a projection extending into a position on the
side of the bimetal element opposite the direction of deflection
thereof.
4. The ground fault circuit breaker of claim 3 in which the
projection is an integral portion of one of the container and
cover.
5. The ground fault circuit breaker of claim 4 in which the bimetal
element is fixedly mounted at one end portion and the other end
portion is unattached, and in which the projection is a portion of
the container and located at said other end portion thereof.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a circuit breaker and more particularly
it pertains to a ground fault circuit interrupter having
restriction means for preventing movement of a bimetal element when
subjected to inordinately cold temperatures.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A standard circuit breaker includes elements for sensing current
overloads and consist primarily of a straight bimetal element and a
latch assembly. When thermal overloads occur the bimetal element
deflects in one direction by a distance which is a function of the
amount of current overload and thereby releases the spring loaded
latch to trip the circuit breaker to the open position. This
uncompensated bimetal arrangement is an economical method for
general circuit breaker usage.
In a ground fault circuit breaker a standard circuit beaker is
utilized but it can be inadequate because only temperature ranges
above 0.degree.C are important. Building code restrictions govern
the circuit breaker usage in cold ambient environments. The
specific temperature range for ground fault circuit breakers is
-35.degree.C to about 66.degree.C which offers maximum protection.
It is important to aid the bimetal element for the following
reasons: (a) severe cold temperature causes opposite movement of
the normal bimetal element thereby causing excessive deflection in
the wrong direction; (b) resultant movement in the wrong direction
(toward the latch assembly) causes undue and inconsistent latch
spring release pressures; and (c) ability to repeat the normal
circuit breaker action and maintenance of accurate calibration are
impaired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Generally, in accordance with this invention, it has been found
that the foregoing difficulties may be overcome by providing a
ground fault circult interrupter comprising a circuit breaker and a
ground fault detector within an insulation housing, the circuit
breaker comprising a pair of cooperable contacts operable between
open and closed positions, a releasable member in an initial
position and movable when released to a tripped position to effect
automatic opening of the contacts, an elongated current-carrying
bimetal element for tripping the releasable member when a
predetermined current overload effects a deflection of said bimetal
element in one direction from a latched position, a bimetal stop
means such as a projection integral with the insulating housing for
preventing the bimetal element from moving in the other direction
from the latched position when subjected to excessively low ambient
temperatures, the ground fault detector comprising a
current-monitoring core and a plurality of primary windings on the
core, each being one of a line and a neutral conductor of an A.c.
electrical distribution system, a secondary winding sensing current
imbalance between the primary windings, means responsive to a
predetermined sensing signal to open said line conductors, the
means responsive to the predetermined sensing signal including a
pivotally movable member movable against the bimetal element to
unlatch the releasable member, and the pivotally movable member
being adjacent to the bimetal element on the side of the stop
means.
The advantage of the device of this invention is that the stop
means for constriction insures reliable operation of the ground
fault circuit breaker when subjected to excessively cold
temperatures, and when the bimetal element is restricted. The force
required by an intermittent duty solenoid in the ground fault
detector is minimized.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ground fault circuit breaker
structure of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line II--II of
FIG. 1 and showing the circuit breaker side of the invention in the
closed position; and
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III--III of FIG.
1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 1 a ground fault circuit breaker structure is generally
indicated at 3 and it comprises a housing 5 which is composed of
electrically insulating material such as a thermosetting resin. The
housing 5 includes a pair of box-like containers or tray portions 7
and 9 and a side cover 11, which are secured in place by suitable
means such as rivets 12 (FIG. 2) in a conventional manner.
Inasmuch as a detailed description of both the ground fault
detector portion and the circuit breaker portion is set forth in
the application of Kenneth R. Coley and John J. Misencik, Ser. No.
287,921, filed Sept. 11, 1972, the description of those portions is
limited to the parts that are essential to the operation of the
invention disclosed herein.
As shown in FIG. 3 the tray portion 7 comprises a back wall 8 and
the tray portion 7 comprises a back wall 13 that serves as a single
partition wall between compartments 15 and 17 formed between the
back walls 8 and 13 and the side cover 11. A circuit breaker
mechanism is disposed within the compartment 15 and a ground fault
circuit interrupter is disposed within the compartment 17.
Briefly, the circuit breaker structure comprises a stationary
contact 21, a movable contact 23, a supporting metal frame 25, an
operating mechanism 27, and a trip device 29. Among other things
the operating mechanism 27 comprises a contact arm 31 and a
releasable member 33 which is pivotally supported at one end
thereof on a pivot 35 when the circuit breaker is opened manually a
handle 37 is rotated from the "on" to the "off" position, whereby
the contact arm 33 moves the movable contact 23 away from the
stationary contact 21 in a conventional manner.
The contact arm 31 is electrically connected to the lower end of an
elongated bimetal element or bimetal 39 by a flexible conductor 41.
The bimetal 39 is part of the trip device 29 and is secured at its
upper end to a flange 43 of the frame 25.
A flexible conductor 45 connects the upper end of the bimetal 39
with a terminal strap 45 having a terminal connector 47. Thus, the
closed circuit through the circuit breaker extends from a terminal
51 through the stationary contact 21, the movable contact 23, the
contact arm 31, the flexible conductor 41, the bimetal 39, the
flexible conductor 45, the terminal strap 47 to the terminal
connector 49.
The trip device 29 comprises the bimetal 39, an elongated rigid
magnetic armature or latch member 53, an end portion 55 of the
releasable member 33, and a projection 57 of a lever 59 (FIG. 3).
The latch member 53 was mounted on the upper end of a flexible
metal strip 61 the lower end of which is secured to the lower end
of the bimetal 39 in a suitable manner such as a spot weld.
As shown in FIG. 3 the latch member 53 has an opening 63 which
includes a latch surface 65 at the base of the opening in the reset
position of the circuit breaker as shown in the drawings. The end
portion 55 of the releasable member 33 is latched in the opening 63
of the latch member 53, and more particularly is lodged upon the
latch surface 65. Upon the occurrence of a sustained overload
current above a first predetermined value the bimetal 39 which is
heated by the current flowing therethrough, deflects from the
position shown in FIG. 2 to a thermally tripped position to the
right of that shown in FIG. 2, whereupon the end portion 55 drops
from its position on the latch surface 65.
In accordance with this invention bimetal stop means or
construction or a projection 67 is provided to prevent the bimetal
39 from moving to the left of the latched position (FIG. 2) such as
when the bimetal is exposed to severely cold ambient temperature
conditions such as of the order of -35.degree.C. The projection 67
is preferably a molded part of the tray portion 9 and extends
outwardly from the back wall 13 as well as a bottom wall 69.
However, the projection 67 would function satisfactorily if it were
part of the cover 11. In the position shown in FIG. 3 the upper end
of the projection 67 extends slightly above the lower end of the
bimetal 39 so as to prevent the bimetal from moving to the left in
response to severely cold ambient temperatures. The projection 67
however may be located at another position along the length of the
bimetal so long as it is suitably disposed to prevent the bimetal
from moving unduly to the left beyond the latched position of FIG.
2. In effect a thermal restriction is produced within the
compartment 15 so that upon a limited movement of the bimetal 39
when subjected to cold temperature, a motion takes place where the
lower free end of the bimetal engages the projection 67 to restrict
further deflection. As a result a binding effect between the spring
loaded end portion 55 of the releasable member 33 and the latch
surface 65 is avoided and the bimetal 39 is free to operate in a
conventional manner.
Where a ground fault occurs and is detected in the ground fault
detector 71 in the compartment 17 as set forth in the above
mentioned application the lever 59 is actuated to cause the
projection 67 at the lower end thereof to move the latch member 53
to the right and thereby disengage the end portion 55 of the
releasable member 33 from the latch surface 65. In ground fault
circuit breakers where the unit has been subjected to a temperature
of as low as -35.degree.C for a period of hours or days the circuit
breaker must nevertheless be able to trip free in 0.25 milliseconds
or less when subjected to 260 milliampere ground fault circuits
which are unable to heat the bimetals to cause deflection. A ground
fault circuit breaker mechanism is activated on a ground fault by
the use of a toroid sensor, electronic amplifier and power device,
and a solenoid, as disclosed in the above indicated patent
application. The solenoid is the action member which depresses the
spring latch to effect disconnection. If the bimetal 39 is
deflected in the direction to cause latch interference, the
solenoid is unable to depress the latch sufficiently to overcome
the excessive deflection caused by cold temperature on the bimetal
and thereby causing an inoperative device.
According the device of this invention satisfies problems existing
in prior art devices and results in an improved ground fault
circuit breaker.
* * * * *