U.S. patent number 3,857,772 [Application Number 05/318,649] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-31 for electroplating apparatus for simultaneously and uniformly electroplating inside surfaces of annular bodies.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Michio Oka, Toshiro Sasaki, Yoshiaki Washio.
United States Patent |
3,857,772 |
Sasaki , et al. |
December 31, 1974 |
ELECTROPLATING APPARATUS FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY AND UNIFORMLY
ELECTROPLATING INSIDE SURFACES OF ANNULAR BODIES
Abstract
Herein disclosed is an improved electroplating apparatus for
simultaneously and uniformly electroplating the inside surfaces of
a plurality of annular bodies. The electroplating apparatus
includes an upright anode disposed within registered bores of the
annular bodies with its outer contour equi-distantly spaced from
the inside surfaces forming inbetween an electrolyte passage, and
adjusting means for adjusting at an equal elvel the effective
electric currents flowing between the anode and each of the annular
bodies, even when the electric conductivity of the flowing
electrolyte differs along the axis of the registered bores due to
generation of gases in the electrolyte.
Inventors: |
Sasaki; Toshiro (Hiroshima,
JA), Oka; Michio (Kure, JA), Washio;
Yoshiaki (Kure, JA) |
Assignee: |
Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Aki-gun,
Hiroshima-ken, JA)
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Family
ID: |
11545389 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/318,649 |
Filed: |
December 26, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Dec 25, 1971 [JA] |
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46-3011 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
204/224R;
204/272 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C25D
7/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C25D
7/04 (20060101); C23b 005/74 (); B01k 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;204/228,272,275,DIG.7,26,224R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1,042,059 |
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Sep 1966 |
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GB |
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231,995 |
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Jan 1967 |
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SU |
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Primary Examiner: Mack; John H.
Assistant Examiner: Valentine; D. M.
Claims
We claim:
1. An electroplating apparatus for simultaneously and uniformly
electroplating the inside surfaces of a plurality of annular bodies
placed upon one another so that their central bores are registered
comprising: an upright anode about which said annular bodies are to
be placed with the inner surfaces equi-distantly spaced from the
outer surface of said anode to thereby define therebetween an
annular passage; a plurality of seats respectively separating
adjacent ones of said annular bodies to electrically insulate the
same from each other; means for forcing an electrolyte through said
passage; an elongated cathode conductor for applying a negative
potential to said annular bodies; said cathode conductor being
substantially vertical and constituting a single member having a
considerable intrinsic resistance, said cathode conductor having
individual means along its length to apply a different negative
potential to each of said annular bodies with the negative
potential increasing in the direction of flow of the electrolyte,
so that the effective electric current flowing between said anode
and the respective annular body is substantially equal even though
the electric conductivity of the electrolyte differs along said
passage due to the generation of gases in the electrolyte.
2. An electroplating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said
individual negative potential applying means includes a plurality
of fastening bolts connecting said single member to said annular
bodies and equi-distantly spaced from each other for building up a
potential drop therebetween determined by the intrinsic resistance
of said single member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the art of electroplating, and
more particularly to an improvement in an electroplating apparatus
for simultaneously and uniformly electroplating the inside surfaces
of a plurality of annular bodies, such as, cylinders of internal
combustion engines.
In a conventional electroplating apparatus for simultaneously
electroplating the inside surfaces of a plurality of annular
bodies, it is an established practice to pile the annular bodies
one over another through a sealing seat. An anode is disposed
within the bores of the annular bodies and has its outer contour
equi-distantly spaced from the inside surfaces of the bodies to
form inbetween an electrolyte passage. Each of the bodies is
electrically connected with the negative terminal of an energy
source through a lead wire. An electrolyte is forced to flow
vertically upwardly in the electrolyte passage so as to effect
electroplating on the inside surfaces. The electrolyte, then,
overflows the upper surface of the piled annular bodies for
recovery.
One of the drawbacks concomitant with the conventional apparatus is
that since the bodies to be electroplated are maintained at an
equal potential the effective currents flowing between anode and
each of the bodies are not an equal level. This is because the
electric conductivity of the flowing electrolyte is not an equal
level along the vertical line of the piled bodies due to generation
of gases resulting from the electroplating operation. This fact
invites inconsistency in the thickness of the electroplated layer
on the inside surfaces of the annular bodies. That is, the layer
thickness of the lower body has a larger value than that of the
upper body. Since, therefore, the thickness of the electroplated
layer should have a minimum value, the lower body has an
electroplated layer of unnecessary thickness. This thickened layer
must be gound later to have a proper thickness level. This fact is
naturally accompanied by an elongated time period required for the
electroplating operation, with the resultantly degraded production
efficiency, in addition to the bothering grinding operation.
Moreover, the increased thickness of the electroplated layer
invites spare consumption of the electroplating material such as
chromium and accordingly an increased production cost.
As has been described, on the other hand, the electrolyte is guided
to overflow the top surface of the piled annular bodies so as to be
discharged into an electrolyte reservoir. A hat member, which
covers the top surface of the bodies, must be provided with joints
for connecting a discharge tube or the like. In addition to this
complicated structure, the sealing between the hat member and the
discharge tube will become a cause of trouble, because the hat
member must be detachably mounted on the particular top surface for
installation of the assembled annular body structure. The degraded
sealing will permit leakage of the electrolyte and/or the generated
gases, and accordingly will produce a problem of firing or
pollution.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an
improved electroplating apparatus free from the above
disadvantages.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved
electroplating apparatus for simultaneously and uniformly
electroplating the inside surfaces of a plurality of annular
bodies.
Still another object is to provide an improved electroplating
apparatus, in which an upright anode is disposed within registered
bores of the annular bodies with its outer contour equi-distantly
spaced from the inside surfaces of the annular bodies for forming
inbetween an electrolyte passage, and in which adjusting means
adjust at an equal level the effective electric currents flowing
between the anode and each of the annular bodies, even when the
electric conductivity of the flowing electrolyte differs along the
axis of the registered bores due to generation of gases in the
electrolyte.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the description made in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partially sectional view of an electroplating apparatus
according to the present invention, taken in the vertical line;
and
FIG. 2 is a partially sectional view taken along the line 2 -- 2 of
FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, an electroplating apparatus
according to the present invention is generally designated at
numeral 10, which is used to simultaneously and uniformly
electroplating a plurality of annular bodies 11 such as cylinders
of internal combustion engines. The annular bodies 11, which are
formed with inside surfaces 12 to be electroplated, are piled one
over another through an electrically insulating seat 13 in a manner
to have their bores registered with each other. That is, each of
the seats 13 is interposed between any adjacent pair of the annular
bodies 11 so as to electrically insulating the bodies 11 from each
other and at the same time to keep hermetically sealed joint
between the adjacent pair of the bodies 11, thereby forming an
upright tubular body (not numbered). This tubular body rests on a
base plate 14 and is assembled into a block by means of elongated
bolts 15 which are held at the corners of the base plate 14. On the
top surface of the tubular body, more specifically, are mounted an
annular head disc 16 and a packing 17 both formed with registered
bores, through which the bolts 15 upwardly extend. The uppermost
ends of the bolts 15 are threaded so that they are nutted up by
corresponding hanging members 18 after a hat 19 has been placed on
the packing 17 with its brim portion being fastened to the bolts
15. Thus, the hat 19 is hermetically mounted on the upper surface
of the tubular body through the head disc 16 and the packing 17,
thereby providing a unitary structure assembled with the tubular
body and the base plate 14.
In the outer vicinity of the tubular body is a vertically disposed
cathodic conductor 22, hereinafter called "cathode" formed with an
upper projection 21. It shoulld be noted here that the cathode 22
has a predetermined intrinsic resistance, as will be discussed
later. This cathode 22 is electrically connected with each of the
annular bodies 11 through a fastening bolt 23. The location of the
fastening bolts 23 may be anywhere with respect to the annular
bodies 11, but they should be equi-distantly spaced from any
adjacent coleagues.
As better shown in FIG. 2, two guide pipes 24 are inserted into
corresponding bores formed in both the base plate 14 and the head
disc 16. On the upper surface of an apparatus main body 25, are
anchored two guide rods 26 which are inserted into the guide pipes
24 when it is intended to install the assembled block in position
on the main body 25. This installment is finished by fastening four
arms 27 which are mounted on the main body 25, as shown.
Indicated at numeral 28 is an operating handle acting to mount the
projection 21 of the cathode 22 on a cathode plate 29 for rendering
electrically conductive the connection between the cathode 22 and
the cathode plate 29. This operating handle 28 is electrically
connected with the negative terminal of an energy source (not
shown) so as to apply a negative potential to the annular bodies
11.
Disposed within the registered bores 12 of the tubular body is an
upright anode 31 which is mounted on the apparatus main body 25 in
a manner to upwardly extend into the chamber of the hat 19 through
the bore 16a of the head disc 16. This anode 31 is made of highly
conductive material and is electrically connected with a positive
terminal of the energy source by way of an anode plate 33. It
should also be noted that the anode 31 has its outer contour
equi-distantly spaced from the inside surfaces 12 of the tubular
body, thereby forming inbetween an electrolyte passage 35 in which
an electrolyte is forced to flow. The outer surface of the anode 31
may preferably be coated with some suitable material 34 having a
high conductivity and a sufficient resistance to the attacking of
the flowing electrolyte. One of the materials suitable for this
purpose is lead.
The anode 31 is not solid but has another electrolyte passage 36
formed therein and defined by an electrolyte pipe 37 which has a
sufficient resistance to the attacking of the electrolyte. This
electrolyte pipe 37 has its upper end extending into the chamber of
the hat 19, thus offering to the electrolyte passage 36 a fluid
communication with the electrolyte passage 35 in the particular
chamber. The lower end of the electrolyte pipe 37 is, on the other
hand, communicated with an electrolyte reservoir (not shown) by way
of a discharge pipe 38.
In the anode 31, there is also formed a detergent-air passage 39
for supplying therethrough a detergent or air to the chamber of the
hat 19 and to the two electrolyte passages 35 and 36. After the
electroplating operation has been completed, the detergent thus
introduced acts to clean the chamber and the passages 35 and 36,
while the introduced air acts partly to dilute gases remaining in
the chamber and partly to scavenge the chamber and the passages.
The detergent-air passage 39 has an outlet port 43 of nozzle shape
extending into the chamber. At the lower extension of the passage
39 is provided a change-over or two-way valve 41 which changes the
connection thereof with a detergent supply and with an air supply,
respectively, through pipe branches 42a and 42b. In another
modification, the detergent-air passage 39 under discussion may be
divided into two pipelets (not shown) each for detergent and air
introductions. Then, the change-over valve 41 may be dispensed
with.
Indicated at numeral 44 is an electrolyte supply pipe through which
an electrolyte is supplied to the electrolyte passage 35 by way of
an electrolyte inlet port 25a formed in the apparatus main body 25,
as shown. The electrolyte supply pipe 44 is as customary provided
with a valve (not shown) for allowing and inhibitting the
electrolyte supply to the passage 35. The inlet port 25a is
bypassed to an electrolyte-detergent discharge pipe 45 which is
provided with a change-over or two-way valve 46. By controlling
this change-over valve 46, an electrolyte and/or detergent
remaining in the passage 35 and the inlet port 25a are selectively
discharged through pipe branches 45a and 45b.
With these construction arrangements, since the anode 31 has
already been electrically connected with the positive terminal of
the energy source, the assembled block with piled annular bodies 11
to be electroplated is fastened to the apparatus main body 25.
Then, by manual handling of the operating handle 28, the projection
21 of the cathode 22 is electrically connected with the cathode
plate 29. In the meanwhile, the valve mounted in the electrolyte
supply pipe 44 is opened, and the two change-over valves 46 and 41
are closed. At this stage, an electrolyte is pumped into the
electrolyte passage 35 by way of the supply pipe 44 and the inlet
port 25a. As a result, the electrolyte passage 35 is filled with
the incoming electrolyte. At this stage, electric conduction starts
to take place between the annular bodies 11 and the lead layer 34
applied on the anode 31, so that the inside surfaces 12 of the
bodies 11 are electroplated with the accompanying gas formation in
the passage 35. The generated gases, which are in the form of tiny
bubbles, are conveyed in the passage 35 by the flowing electrolyte.
Since, in this instance, the flow of the electrolyte is directed
upward, the conductivity of the electrolyte decreases as it goes
up, due to the increasing gas content. This requires a higher bath
voltage for the higher annular body 11. It should be appreciated
that the above difficulty is obviated in the electroplating
apparatus 10 of the present invention by increasing the negative
potential of the annular body 11 positioned at a higher level. That
is, the effective electric currents flowing between the anode 31
and each of the annular bodies 11 are adjusted at an equal level by
compensating the electric conductivity of the electrolyte in the
passage 35 differs along the axis of the tubular body. As has been
touched shortly, the cathode 22 has a predetermined intrinsic
resistance of considerable value, and the negative potential to be
applied to any of the annular bodies 11 is smaller than that to the
overlying body 11 by a value determined the distance between the
two adjoining fastening bolts 23. Therefore, if the intrinsic
resistance of the cathode 22 is preset at a suitable value, then
the resultant negative potential drop between any adjacent annular
bodies 11 will compensate the increase in conductivity of the
electrolyte wetting each of the inside surfaces 12 thereof due to
the decrease in existance of the generated gases. With this
condition being satisfied, the thickness of the obtained
electroplated layer on the inside surfaces 12 of the annular bodies
11 is equal along the axis of the tubular body.
After the electroplating operation has been completed, the valve in
the electrolyte supply pipe 44 is closed, and the change-over valve
46 in the discharge pipe 45 is turned to have communication with
the pipe branch 45b. Then, the change-over valve 41 in the pipe 39
is changed to have comunication with the pipe branch 42b so as to
introduce pressurized fresh air therethrough. The air thus
introduced scavenge the passage 36, the chamber in the hat 19 and
the passage 35, in other words, the air discharges an electrolyte
remaining in the latter passage 35 in to the electrolyte reservoir
(not shown) through the pipes 45 and 45b.
After the electrolyte has been expelled out of the passage 35, the
valve 41 is changed to have communication with the detergent
reservoir (not shown) through the pipe 42a, and at the same time
the valve 46 is changed to have communication with the detergent
reservoir through the pipe 45a, as shown in FIG. 1. Then, a
detergent is pumped into the pipe 39 and injected into the chamber
in the hat 39 through the nozzle 43. The detergent thus injected
falls down in the passage 35 while cleaning the electroplated
inside surfaces 12 of the annular bodies 11, and finally is
returned to the detergent reservoir.
As has been described in the above, since the conductivity of the
flowing electrolyte is uniform everywhere in the passage 35
irrespective of the gradual increase of the generated gases, the
resultant electroplated layers formed on the annular bodies have
the same thickness. The electroplated inside surfaces 12 of the
annular bodies 11 need not be ground or finished to have an equal
thickness, as contrary to the conventional electroplating
apparatus. The time period required for the electroplating
operation is considerably shortened. Moreover, spare consumption of
an electroplating material is remarkably reduced.
The electroplating apparatus of the present invention should also
be appreciated in the point that it has its discharge pipe formed
in the anode and its outlet port formed in the apparatus main body,
keeping its hat hermetically mounted on the assembled annular body
structure to be electroplated. Thus, the present electroplating
apparatus is free from any joint or hose provided at the hat for
discharging the remaining electrolyte remaining in the passages of
the apparatus. As a result, free emission of noxious gases
generated in the apparatus is prevented, which might otherwise
invite firing. The apparatus itself can be made highly compact,
providing for a simplified handling when in operation.
* * * * *