U.S. patent number 3,857,325 [Application Number 05/393,709] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-31 for semi-automatic firearm.
Invention is credited to Frank S. Thomas.
United States Patent |
3,857,325 |
Thomas |
December 31, 1974 |
SEMI-AUTOMATIC FIREARM
Abstract
A semi-automatic double action firearm including a frame having
a hand grip positioned to be grasped when the firearm is fired, a
barrel fixed to the frame, and a firing pin adapted for axial
movement within a slide member slidably mounted on the frame
surrounding the barrel. Resilient means positioned between the
frame and the slide member and between the slide member and the
firing pin, respectively, urge both the slide member and the firing
pin in the direction of the muzzle, the latter exerting a greater
force than the former. A trigger bar articulated to the trigger is
adapted to engage the firing pin and move it rearwardly when the
trigger is pulled, and to release it when the trigger reaches a
predetermined position. A lever pivotably mounted at the rear of
the hand grip is engaged by the user's hand and restrains the
rearward motion of the slide member on the frame against the pull
of the trigger. After firing, the firearm's recoil enhances the
restraining force exerted by the lever until the high pressure
propellant gases are discharged from the muzzle. A resilient
magazine safety bar is positioned to block the movement of the
trigger bar. The weapon is operable only when the safety bar is
displaced by insertion of a magazine in the magazine receiver. A
slide lock bar locks the slide in its open position on the frame
when the last cartridge in the magazine is fired. The slide lock
bar is designed additionally to minimize the "play" between the
slide member and the frame, thereby enhancing the sighting accuracy
of the weapon.
Inventors: |
Thomas; Frank S. (Los Angeles,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
23555908 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/393,709 |
Filed: |
September 4, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
89/138; D22/104;
89/137; 89/190; 42/70.02; 89/147; 89/198 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
17/20 (20130101); F41A 19/35 (20130101); F41A
17/36 (20130101); F41A 3/86 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
17/00 (20060101); F41A 17/20 (20060101); F41A
19/35 (20060101); F41A 19/00 (20060101); F41A
17/36 (20060101); F41A 3/00 (20060101); F41A
3/86 (20060101); F41d 011/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;42/65,69A ;89/147 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bentley; Stephen C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Finkel; Robert Louis
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A semi-automatic double action firearm comprising:
a frame including a hand grip adapted to be grasped by the user
when the firearm is fired;
a barrel affixed to said frame having a muzzle and a firing chamber
adapted to receive a cartridge;
a slide member surrounding said barrel mounted for axial movement
on said frame;
first resilient means between said slide member and said barrel
urging said slide member toward the muzzle of said barrel;
a firing pin mounted for axial movement within said slide
member;
second resilient means between said firing pin and said slide
member urging said firing pin toward the muzzle of said barrel with
a force greater than that exerted by said first resilient means on
said slide member;
a trigger mounted for motion relative to said frame;
a trigger bar articulated to said trigger and adapted to engage
said firing pin and move it in the direction away from said muzzle
in response to movement of said trigger and to release said firing
pin when the trigger has moved a predetermined distance; and
lever means pivotably mounted on said frame and adapted to restrain
said slide member against movement relative to said frame when said
hand grip is grasped for firing.
2. The firearm of claim 1 wherein:
said trigger is pivotably mounted on said frame and depends
therefrom;
one end of said trigger bar is pivotably mounted on said
trigger;
a first leg of said trigger bar is spaced from said end and carries
a first sear adapted to releaseably engage a second sear formed on
said firing pin; and
a limb formed on said trigger bar intermediate said end and said
first sear is adapted to cooperate with said frame to cause said
first sear to rotate about an axis of rotation intermediate said
end and said first sear.
3. The firearm of claim 2 wherein:
said limb is adapted to engage slidingly the underside of said
frame to provide an imaginary axis of rotation for said first sear;
and
third resilient means effectively acting between said frame and
said trigger bar urge said limb into contact with said frame.
4. The firearm of claim 3 wherein:
said trigger is provided with a recess;
the end of said trigger bar is pivotably supported in said recess
by a pin positioned transversely thereof; and
said third resilient means is a torsion spring mounted on said pin
and having one of its legs bearing on said trigger and the other of
its legs bearing on said trigger bar.
5. The firearm of claim 4 wherein:
said lever means comprise a bell crank having at least one upper
leg adapted to engage said slide member and a lower leg extending
downwardly along the rear of said hand grip adapted to engage the
web of the user's hand when said hand grip is grasped for firing;
and
said bell crank is pivotably mounted on said frame for rotation
about an axis intermediate said upper and lower legs, whereby said
upper leg is urged into engagement with said slide member when
force is exerted against said lower leg in the direction of said
muzzle.
6. The firearm of claim 5 wherein:
a recess is formed in said slide member to receive the end of the
upper leg of said bell crank when said slide member is in the
battery position; and
said bell crank is adapted to urge the end of said upper leg into
said recess in response to force exerted against the lower leg in a
direction toward said muzzle.
7. The firearm of claim 6 wherein:
the axis of rotation of said bell crank lies below said slide
member;
the upper leg of said bell crank forms an obtuse angle with the
lower leg thereof whereby the end of said upper leg is at all times
above the axis of rotation of said bell crank; and
resilient means acting between said frame and said bell crank urge
the upper leg thereof out of engagement with said slide member.
8. The firearm of claim 7 wherein:
the forwardmost face of said recess is inclined to serve as a
camming surface for the end of the upper leg of said bell crank;
and
the end of said upper leg is adapted to cooperate with said
inclined face to urge said end out of engagement with said recess
when force is exerted against said slide member in the direction
away from said muzzle.
9. The firearm of claim 8 wherein:
the sides of said slide member terminate in a pair of downwardly
exposed lips extending longitudinally of said slide member;
said recess is formed in at least one of said lips; and
the inclined face of said recess forms an angle of between about
50.degree. and about 60.degree. with said lower lip.
10. The firearm of claim 9 wherein:
said inclined face forms an angle of about 55.degree. with said
lower lip.
11. The firearm of claim 8 wherein:
the angle formed by the upper and lower legs of said bell crank is
between about 110.degree. and about 130.degree..
12. The firearm of claim 11 wherein:
the angle formed by the upper and lower legs of said bell crank is
125.degree..
13. The firearm of claim 3 comprising:
a receiver in said frame adapted to releasably receive a
magazine;
a magazine adapted to be inserted into said receiver; and
resilient means mounted on said frame and adapted to releasably
engage and prevent the rearward movement of said trigger bar, when
said magazine is not in said receiver.
14. The firearm of claim 13 wherein:
said trigger bar is formed with a lower leg extending downwardly
and rearwardly thereof;
said resilient means comprises a resilient member mounted on said
frame within said receiver to be engagable by said lower leg of the
trigger bar when in its normal rest position; and
said resilient member is adapted to cooperate with said magazine
when the latter is inserted into said receiver, thereby to be
displaced out of engagability with said lower leg of the trigger
bar.
15. The firearm of claim 14 wherein:
said resilient member is provided with an ear protruding laterally
therefrom in the path followed by said magazine when the latter is
inserted into said receiver and adapted to be engaged by said
magazine, thereby to displace said resilient member laterally of
said lower leg of the trigger bar.
16. The firearm of claim 13 comprising:
an upwardly biased follower in said magazine; and
a slide lock bar positioned between said slide member and said
frame and adapted to cooperate with said follower to engage and
immobilize said slide member when the magazine is empty.
17. The firearm of claim 16 wherein:
one end of said slide lock bar is pivotably attached to said
frame;
said slide member is provided with a recess adapted to releasably
receive the other end of said slide lock bar; and
said follower is adapted to engage said other end and urge it into
said recess when the two are in registry and the magazine is
empty.
18. The firearm of claim 17 wherein:
said slide lock bar is resilient and is bowed transversely to exert
a continuous lateral force between said frame and said slide
member.
Description
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
1. Background
This invention relates to firearms, and more particularly to
hand-held or shouldered semi-automatic weapons of the double action
type wherein a single pull of the trigger both cocks and fires the
arm.
Although as will be seen the subject invention contemplates novel
features which are adaptable to firearms in a variety of forms, its
principal embodiment is in the form of a semi-automatic pistol
wherein a number of cartridges are carried within a removeable
magazine or clip which is inserted into the handle or grip of the
weapon. When the weapon is fired, a sliding member mounted on the
frame over the barrel and firing chamber is driven rearwardly by
recoil to withdraw the spent cartridge from the firing chamber and
eject it from the weapon. The sliding member is then returned to
the "battery" position by a recoil spring and is adapted to strip
the succeeding round from the magazine and insert it into the
firing chamber in readiness for firing.
Conventional prior art semi-automatic pistols commonly incorporate
an exposed hammer which is adapted to strike a firing pin to
initiate the discharge of the cartridge within the chamber. In such
pistols the rearward movement of the slide along the axis of the
barrel moves the hammer to the "ready" or "cocked" position. Even
when this type of weapon is provided with a "safety button," a
danger of unintentional discharge is nonetheless present.
Mechanical failure of the button and its associated sear, and human
error through accident, inadvertance or oversight, have frequently
led to tragedy or near tragedy when the trigger of a supposedly
safe weapon was pulled. Likewise, there are many cases on record in
which the relatively fragile sear has been broken, permitting the
hammer to fire a loaded round left in the chamber, when the weapon
was accidentally dropped.
Furthermore, although such "safetys" are ordinarily relatively easy
to operate, in emergency situations the split-second delay even the
simplest of them requires may prove to be the difference between
life and death for a law enforcement officer.
One object of the subject invention is to provide a small compact
firearm which has no hammer to be cocked, and therefore does not
rely on accessory safety devices for protection against so-called
accidental discharge.
Almost instantly following the impact of the firing pin withe the
primer in the cartridge, the propellant powder within the cartridge
case is ignited and the resultant high pressure gases drive the
bullet or projectile through the barrel toward the muzzle. The
gases generated by a modern .45 calibre cartridge reach pressures
on the order of 18,000 p.s.i. to 22,000 p.s.i. before the bullet or
projectile clears the muzzle. It is the recoil opposing the thrust
of these gases against the bullet which opens the slide member in
weapons of this type. Over the years a great many ingenious systems
have been devised to prevent the premature opening of the slide
with its attendant potentially disasterous results.
The most commonly used mechanisms for holding the action closed
during the period in which the gases are at a pressure considered
unsafe are those in which some locking means are contrived to hold
the barrel together with the breech face of the slide so that the
barrel and slide or breech face move rearwardly under the influence
of recoil locked together as a single unit. When the gas pressure
has reached a safe level one of several mechanisms is utilized to
unlock the slide from the barrel, thus allowing the slide to go
into full recoil while the barrel returns to battery or some other
position.
While many of these locking systems have performed satisfactorily,
in most cases they have been costly to incorporate within the
general design of the small arm, and many of them have been found
to require considerable maintenance. In some cases the accuracy of
the weapon is known to be adversely affected by the compound action
of the locking mechanism.
To compound this problem, in a number of weapons of this type, the
tolerances required between the moving parts are such that the
slide action in many cases reduces the weapons accuracy still
further.
Another object of the subject invention, accordingly, is to provide
a semi-automatic firearm having a sturdy, durable, effective slide
retarding mechanism which is inexpensive to produce, requires
little if any maintenance, and at least does not impair the
accuracy of the weapon.
As will be seen, the subject invention more than satisfies these
and the previously mentioned objects.
2. Summary
Essentially a semi-automatic pistol embodying the subject invention
comprises a frame having a more or less conventional hand grip
positioned to be grasped when the arm is fired. A conventional
barrel is fixed to the frame and a slide member is slidably mounted
to the frame surrounding it.
A bore formed axially in the rear portion of the slide member
receives a firing pin having a generally cylindrical body and
adapted for axial movement within the bore.
A recoil spring positioned between the frame and the forward end of
the slide member urges the slide member toward the muzzle. A second
spring, of greater strength than the first, is positioned in the
bore of the slide member behind the firing pin to urge it in the
direction of the muzzle.
An elongated trigger bar is pivotally connected at one end to the
trigger. Its other end carries a sear which is adapted to engage a
second sear on the underside of the firing pin. When the trigger is
pulled, the trigger bar moves the firing pin rearwardly. A limb
projecting upwardly from the trigger bar is held in contact with
the underside of the slide by a torsion spring acting between the
trigger and the trigger bar at their point of articulation, and
serves to rotate the trigger bar to release the firing pin sear
when the trigger reaches a predetermined position in its
travel.
A lever is pivotably mounted at the rear of the hand grip with its
lower leg positioned to engage the web of the user's hand when the
weapon is grasped for firing. The upper leg of the lever is formed
to fit into a recess in the underside of the slide member. The
forward end of this recess is inclined to serve as a caming surface
for the free end of the upper leg of the lever.
When the weapon is fired, the recoil drives the handle rearwardly
against the user's hand, thereby increasing the force exerted
against the lower leg of the lever and, consequently, the force
exerted against the caming face of the recess in the slide member
by the upper leg of the lever, thus resisting rearward movement of
the slide member. The caming action between the face of the recess
and the upper lever arm ultimately forces that arm downwardly out
of the recess, thereby allowing the slide to move rearwardly, but
only after sufficient delay to allow the bullet to reach the muzzle
of the barrel.
Even after the upper leg of the lever has been forced from the
recess, the combined force of the recoil and the user's grasp,
acting against the lower leg of the lever, forces the upper leg of
the lever into frictional contact with the underside of the slide
member, thereby further restraining its rearward motion until the
potentially dangerous propellant gases have been discharged through
the muzzle.
A resilient magazine safety bar is positioned to block the movement
of the trigger bar when the magazine receiver in the handle is
empty. The weapon is operable only when this safety bar is
displaced by insertion of a magazine in the receiver.
A resilient slide lock bar positioned laterally of the slide is
adapted to lock the slide in its open position on the frame when
the last cartridge in the magazine is fired. The force exerted by
the slide lock bar laterally against the slide member serves
additionally to minimize the "play" between the slide member and
the frame, thereby enhancing the sighting accuracy of the
weapon.
The construction and operation of a preferred embodiment of the
subject invention will be more fully understood, and other and
further objects appreciated from a reading of the following
detailed description as illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a hand held semi-automatic pistol
embodying the subject invention, with a typical .45 calibre
semi-automatic weapon of conventional design outlined in phantom
for comparative purposes;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side elevation of the pistol shown in FIG. 1,
with portions cut away to reveal its internal construction;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation of the pistol shown in FIG.
2 with additional portions cut away to show the operation of the
trigger, trigger bar and firing pin assembly;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side elevation of the pistol of FIG. 3
further illustrating the operation of the trigger, trigger bar and
firing pin assembly;
FIG. 5 is a reduced exploded side elevation of the pistol of FIG. 2
with portions of the pistol and a fragment of its magazine cut away
for illustrative purposes;
FIG. 6 is a partial side elevation of the pistol of FIG. 5 with its
slide locked in the "open" position and portions cut away for
illustrative purposes;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary section taken in the direction 7--7 of FIG.
6;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary section taken along the line 8--8 of FIG.
3;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary section taken in the direction 9--9 of FIG.
3;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary section taken in the direction 10--10 of
FIG. 5;
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary section taken in the direction 11--11 of
FIG. 5;
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary section taken in the direction 12--12 of
FIG. 2;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the trigger, trigger bar and
magazine safety bar assembly shown in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the slide lock bar shown in FIG.
2.
Wherever practicable, a single numeral is used to depict identical
or substantially similar components appearing in the several
drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIG. 1, the auto-pistol 11 embodying the subject
invention is quite similar in general external appearance to the
conventional .45 calibre semi-automatic pistol 12, with two notable
exceptions: the simplicity of its novel construction permits the
pistol 11 to be substantially smaller and lighter than the prior
art weapon of equivalent fire power, and pistol 11 has no exposed
hammer 13.
As shown most clearly in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, the barrel 15 of pistol
11 is secured to the frame 17 by means such as dovetails 19. Slide
member 21 is mounted on frame 17 to slide along the axis of barrel
15. In the "battery" position only the muzzle 23 of barrel 15
protrudes through the open forward end of slide 21. Recoil spring
25 is mounted over barrel 15 between a shoulder 27 surrounding the
opening at the forward end of the slide 21 and a recessed annulus
29 formed on barrel 15. Spring 25 urges slide 21 in the direction
of muzzle 23, i.e., toward the battery position.
The rear end of barrel 15 terminates in a firing chamber 31 adapted
to receive, in this embodiment, a .45 calibre rimless cartridge 33.
When the weapon is at battery, the breech face 35 of slide 21 abuts
the base 37 of cartridge 33.
A cylindrical bore 39 is formed in the rear portion of slide 21 in
axial alignment with barrel 15 and chamber 31. Firing pin 41 is
sized to reciprocate axially within bore 39. The tip 43 of firing
pin 41 strikes the primer of cartridge 33 through an opening in the
breech face 35. A compression spring 45 mounted between the forward
wall of bore 39 and an annular shoulder 47 formed on the body of
firing pin 41 urges the firing pin 41 rearwardly to maintain a safe
spacing between tip 43 and the primer of cartridge 33.
The body of firing pin 41 is bored at its rear end to receive one
end of a compression spring 49. The other end of this spring 49 is
secured to the slide 21 by convenient means, such as a retainer
plug 53 fitted into the rear end of slide 21 to close the bore
39.
The specific materials, configurations, dimensions and compressive
strengths of recoil spring 25, safety spring 39, and firing pin
spring 49 are more or less matters of choice, the the principal
condition, and a significant feature of the invention, being that
the firing pin spring 49 be of substantially greater strength than
recoil spring 25. In practice it has been found that a spring rate
of about 8 to 10 lbs per inch for spring 25 and of from about 100
to 115 lbs per inch for spring 49 are quite satisfactory for the
intended purpose. Spring 45 merely urges firing pin 41 rearwardly
against spring 49, and need be of only nominal strength.
A downwardly projecting sear 51 is formed on the body of firing pin
41 and extends downwardly through a slot in the underside of bore
39.
Conventional front and rear sights 53 and 55, respectively, are
provided at the front and rear ends of slide 21.
Trigger 57 is mounted under frame 17, preferably by means of a pin
59. A coiled torsion spring 61 mounted on pin 59 urges the trigger
57 forwardly against the stop or shoulder 63 formed in the frame
17. A trigger guard 65 protects trigger 57 against accidental
contact.
Regardless of the form of firearm to which the subject invention is
adapted, whether a side arm, a shoulder-borne arm, such as a rifle,
or a hip-fired assault type weapon, a handle or hand grip 67 is
provided on the frame 17 to the rear of trigger 57. Preferably
handle 67 is hollow and is formed with the receiver 69 adapted to
receive the magazine 71 as shown in FIG. 5. Magazine 71 and its
operation will be described in greater detail later.
A trigger bar 73 is pivotably mouted on the trigger 57, preferably
by means of a pin 75 extending transversely across a slot or recess
77 for in the rear face of trigger 57 to receive the end of trigger
bar 73. Pins 59 and 75 are aligned vertically. The construction of
trigger 57 and trigger bar 73 are best seen in FIGS. 3, 4, 9, 11
and 13.
A coiled torsion spring 79 is mounted on pin 75 with one of its
legs bearing downwardly and forwardly against trigger 57 and the
other upwardly against trigger bar 73, thereby urging the remote
end of trigger bar 73 upwardly.
At its remote end trigger bar 73 is formed with an upper leg 79 and
a lower leg 81. Upper leg 79 carries a trigger sear 83 adapted to
cooperate with sear 51 on firing pin 41. An upwardly projecting rim
or lobe 85 formed on trigger bar 73 is maintained in sliding
contact with the smooth, flat underside of slide 21 by spring
79.
From the foregoing it will be observed that when force is exerted
rearwardly on trigger 57, the trigger rotates rearwardly and
upwardly around pin 59, carrying pin 75 in an arc centered on pin
59. The effect on triggerbar 73 is compound: The entire trigger bar
73 is moved rearwardly, while at the same time upper leg 79 is
rotated downwardly around the fulcrum formed at the moving point of
contact between limb 85 and the underside of slide 21.
It will be apparent that the same compound motion can be achieved
by a variety of combinations of mounting arrangements for trigger
57 and trigger bar 73 and, while none of these alternative
arrangements is shown or specifically described, all of them must
be considered to be within the scope of the subject invention.
It will be observed, likewise, that because of the disproportionate
strengths of springs 25 and 49, unless slide 21 is restrained
against rearward motion, the effect of pulling the trigger 57 will
be merely to transmit the rearward movement of trigger bar 73
through sears 83 and 51, firing pin 41 and spring 49 to slide 21.
Firing pin 41 will move rearwardly with slide 21, but spring 49
will not be compressed. Thus the weapon is "safe" and will not
fire.
As mentioned earlier, in all forms of the subject invention a
handle or hand grip 67 is formed on the frame 17 to the rear of
trigger 57. The position and size of handle 67 are such that to
fire the weapon this handle 67 must be grasped by the user.
As best seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, a lever or hand stirrup 95 is
pivotably mounted on frame 17, preferably by means of a pin 97
positioned between its lower leg 101 and upper legs 103. Lower leg
101 extends downwardly along the rear face of handle 67 and is
shaped to engage the web between the thumb and first finger of the
user's hand when the handle 67 is grasped for firing. Preferably
the lever 95 has a pair of upper legs 103 straddling the frame 17.
Lips 105 serve to strengthen legs 103.
In the embodiment illustrated here the sides of slide 21 extend
downwardly over the top of frame 17 to form a pair of skirts 109
terminating in downwardly exposed lips 111. A recess 113 is formed,
preferably in each of these lips 111, to receive the end of upper
leg 103 of lever 95 when slide 21 is in the battery position. A
small compression spring 115 seated in a bore 117 provided in the
rear face of handle 67 acts against lower leg 101 of lever 95
rearwardly, thereby urging upper legs 103 out of recesses 113.
Unless and until stirrup 95 is engaged in lower leg 101 forced
against the rear face of handle 67 to rotate upper legs 103 into
recesses 113, the weapon remains safe, i.e., incapable of being
fired unintentionally.
The forwardmost faces 21 of recesses 113 are inclined at an angle
to the lips 111 and slide 21 to serve as a caming surface for the
end of upper legs 103. It has been found that an angle of between
about 50.degree. and about 60.degree. is satisfactory for this
purpose, and an angle of about 55.degree. appears to be the optimum
for a pistol firing the .45 calibre rimless cartridge.
When handle 67 is grasped for firing and the trigger 57 pulled, the
force exerted by the user's hand against stirrup 95 forces upper
legs 103 into recesses 113 and effectively prevents slide 21 from
moving rearwardly on frame 17.
As illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, while sear 83 is in engagement
with sear 51 the rearward motion of trigger bar 73 moves firing pin
41 rearwardly, compressing spring 49. At a predetermined point in
the rearward travel of trigger 57, the downward motion of upper leg
79 abruptly disengages sear 83 from sear 51, allowing compressed
spring 49 to thrust firing pin 41 forwardly with sufficient force
to overcome spring 45 and discharge the cartridge 33.
As the bullet 123 leaves the cartridge 33, the gas pressure within
barrel 15 quickly builds to a peak, and the recoil force drives the
weapon rearwardly against the user's hand. The greater the recoil,
the greater the force exerted by the weapon. A substantial part of
this force is directed against lower leg 101 of stirrup 95, which
acts as a bell crank, and through upper legs 103 against the caming
faces 121 of recesses 113. This force opposes the recoil force
exerted rearwardly against slide 21, with the result that the end
of upper leg 103 eventually slips out of recesses 113 and slide 21
is released to move rearwardly.
As long as the weapon is in recoil, the force exerted against the
user's hand is transmitted through the bell crank action of stirrup
95 to urge the upper legs 103 upwardly in frictional contact with
the lips 111 of slide 21, thereby retarding the rearward motion of
slide 21.
To enhance this slide-retarding action it has been found most
useful to form stirrup 95 so that the ends of upper legs 103
project above their axis of rotation, pin 97. This is readily
accomplished by forming legs 103 at an angle of between 110.degree.
and about 130.degree., and preferably about 125.degree. (measured
from the plane of lips 105, through the center of pin 97, to the
plane of the outer face of lower leg 101).
By appropriate design of stirrup 95 and recesses 113 the rearward
movement of slide 21 to its open position can readily be timed to
coincide with the departure of bullet 123 from the barrel 15 and
the accompanying release of the high pressure gases through muzzle
23.
Two additional safety features make the subject invention virtually
fullproof. These are best illustrated by FIGS. 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11,
12 and 14.
The first of these is a magazine safety bar 125 of spring steel
fixedly attached by means such as pin 127 to handle 67 and
extending upwardly into magazine receiver 69 within handle 67. Bar
125 is positioned so that its upper end 129 is normally in
alignment with the end of lower leg 81 of trigger bar 73. When arm
125 and leg 81 are aligned trigger bar 73 cannot be moved
rearwardly and the weapon cannot be fired.
An ear 131 extending laterally of bar 125 is formed to be engaged
by magazine 71 when the magazine is inserted into receiver 69. With
the magazine 71 in place bar 125 is forced to the side so that its
end 129 is out of alignment with the end of lower leg 81. Trigger
bar 73 is then free to move rearwardly when trigger 57 is
squeezed.
The second safety feature is a slide lock which secures the slide
21 in its fully open position after the last round in the magazine
71 is inserted in chamber 31.
When cartridges 33 are inserted into magazine 71 they depress a
follower 135. Compression spring 137 positioned below follower 135
urges the follower 135 and cartridges 33 upwardly. As in
conventional auto-pistols the upper end of magazine 71 extends
upwardly into the cartridge receiver just to the rear of the
breech, and the slide 21 is adapted to strip the uppermost
cartridge from the magazine and thrust it into the breech of barrel
15 during its return from the open position to battery after the
preceding round has been fired and ejected from the weapon.
When the last round has been stripped from the magazine 71 a toe
141 formed on follower 135 engages slide locking safety bar
143.
Safety bar 143 is formed of spring steel with a permanent bow or
lateral curve and is pivotably mounted to the side of frame 17 by
means such as pin 145. The bowed bar 143 exerts a force laterally
against the inside of the adjacent skirt 109 of slide 21. The
salutory effect of this arrangement is that the "play" between
slide 21 and frame 17 is taken up by bar 143 and the opposite skirt
109 of slide 21 is continuously urged into contact with the
adjacent side of frame 17.
With conventional weapons since the slide is free to position
itself laterally on the frame each time it completes the recoil
cycle, consistently accurate sighting is impossible. This problem
is effectively eliminated in the subject invention because bar 143
insures the return of slide 21 to substantially the same lateral
position on frame 17 after each cycle.
A second recess 147 is formed in the skirt 109 adjacent safety bar
143 to receive the free rearwardly directed end 151 of bar 143 when
slide 21 is in or near its fully open position. Inwardly directed
ear 153 on arm 143 is adapted to be engaged by the toe 141 on
magazine follower 135 after the last cartridge 33 is stripped from
magazine 71 and, under the influence of spring 137 urges the end
151 into recess 147 when the two come into registry after the last
round is fired. As shown in FIG. 6 slide 21 is then locked in the
open position.
To release the slide the exposed end 151 is manually rotated
downwardly out of recess 147. The face of end 151 may be knurled as
shown to facilitate this operation.
It will be noted that the two safety features last mentioned
effectively make the weapon fail-safe. If the last round is fired
while the magazine 71 is still in its receiver 69, the slide will
be locked open by safety bar 143. If the magazine 71 is removed
from the weapon before the chambered cartridge 33 is fired,
magazine safety bar 125 will prevent the trigger from being pulled
and the round discharged unintentionally.
Referring to FIG. 3, spent cartridges are removed from the firing
chamber 31 and ejected from the weapon by extractor claw 155 at the
forward end of extractor 157. A novel feature in the extractor
assembly resides in the use of a retainer pin 159 slipped into
grooves formed in the body of slide 21 and in the adjacent
underside of extractor 157 itself to secure the extractor to slide
21. This device greatly facilitates the replacement of the
extractor should the need to do so ever arise.
FIGS. 3 and 10 most clearly illustrate another novel features of
the subject invention which facilitates its assembly, namely the
use of a transverse slide lock pin 165 which may easily be removed
in the field without special tools to release the slide 21 from
frame 17. The ends of slide lock pin 165 extend laterally of frame
17 and slidingly engage slide lock channels 167 formed along the
inner faces of skirts 109. When pin 165 is withdrawn by forcing it
laterally through slot 167 in the skirt 109 of slide 21, slide 21
may be drawn rearwardly and upwardly free of barrel 15 and frame
17. An opening 169 is provided in the skirt 109 opposite slot 167
for the insertion of any convenient tool or rod to force pin 165
through slot 167.
It will be understood that a number of additional features, such as
a magazine safety, a magazine release mechanism, and other
components of relatively conventional design have been omitted from
this description in the interest of brevity.
Further, the invention is not intended to be limited to the
specific form of the embodiment shown, which is presented for
illustrative purposes only. Rather, it contemplates all of the
variations and modifications coming within the scope of the
claims.
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