U.S. patent number 3,856,012 [Application Number 05/313,596] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-24 for stabilized absorbent pad.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Canadian International Paper Company. Invention is credited to Richard C. MacDonald, Noel E. Martin.
United States Patent |
3,856,012 |
MacDonald , et al. |
December 24, 1974 |
STABILIZED ABSORBENT PAD
Abstract
An absorbent pad comprising fluff that is stabilized against
slumping or lumpiness by means of a plurality of filaments
incorporated into the pad with a network of adhesive bonds.
Inventors: |
MacDonald; Richard C. (Rexdale,
CA), Martin; Noel E. (Weston, Ontario,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Canadian International Paper
Company (Montreal, Quebec, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23216353 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/313,596 |
Filed: |
December 8, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/366; 604/377;
604/375; 604/378 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
13/531 (20130101); A61F 13/539 (20130101); A61F
2013/53445 (20130101); A61F 2013/53908 (20130101); A61F
2013/53463 (20130101); A61F 2013/530182 (20130101); A61F
13/534 (20130101); A61F 2013/530131 (20130101); A61F
2013/530153 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/15 (20060101); A61f 013/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/284,287,290,296 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Recla; Henry J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fitch, Even, Tabin &
Luedeka
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A stabilized absorbent pad comprising a quantity of wood fibers
defining said pad,
a plurality of filaments spaced apart from each other and extending
from portion to portion of said pad,
water soluble adhesive interposed between each of said filaments
and adjacent fibers, said adhesive and filaments defining a bond
network wherein the tenacity of adhesion of said fibers to a
filament decreases as a function of their proximity to said
filament and wherein those fibers in one portion of said pad that
are adhesively connected to a particular filament are further
connected through said filament to such other portions of said pad
to which said filament extends thereby stabilizing said pad against
migration of said fibers within said pad.
2. The absorbent pad of claim 1 and including a tissue sheet
disposed on at least one flat side of said pad, and wherein said
filaments are bonded to said tissue sheet.
3. An absorbent pad comprising
a first tissue sheet,
a plurality of wood fibers divellicated from a pulp batt and air
laid in random orientation upon said tissue sheet to define said
pad, said fibers being mechanically associated one with another by
a force insufficient to withstand the normal working of said pad
when in use,
a plurality of fibrous filaments spaced apart from each other
extending from portion to portion of said pad,
water soluble adhesive extending tentacularly from each of said
filaments into said pad by a distance less than about 1/4 inch as
measured radially from the longitudinal axis of a filament, said
adhesive and filaments defining a bond network wherein the tenacity
of adhesion of those fibers disposed between adjacent spaced apart
filaments to one of said filaments generally decreases as a
function of the proximity of such fibers from its closest filament
so that said fibers are anchored to a filament and those fibers in
one portion of said pad that are anchored to a particular filament
are further connected through such filament to such other portions
of said pad to which said filament extends thereby stabilizing said
pad against migration of said fibers within said pad.
Description
This invention relates to absorbent pads, particularly pads useful
in absorbing exudate from the human body.
Absorbent pads are used in such items as surgical dressings,
sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, and the like. In each of
these items, the pad is expected to maintain its position with
respect to the human body and readily receive and absorb exudate.
These pads are commonly secured to the body by means such as nether
garments, straps, tapes, or the like.
Defibrated wood fibers, referred to in the art as fluff, frequently
are used in such pads. In the manufacture of an absorbent pad
employing wood fibers, one technique includes air laying the fibers
upon a foraminous substrate to build up a pad of the desired
contour and thickness. In accordance with this technique, the
fibers are randomnly deposited onto the foraminous substrate to
mechanically interlock one with the other to give the pad
integrity. The fiber to fiber relationship of the fluff is one of
loose association between fibers so that the pad possesses very
little integrity. One such manufacturing procedure is disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,598,680 issued Aug. 10, 1971 to C. A. Lee. This
patent also discloses one kind of fluff pad. Copending application
Ser. No. 174,092, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,717,905, filed Aug. 31, 1971,
Inventor: Warren R. Furbeck, discloses a further fluff pad.
When applied to a human body, such a pad as that described above is
caused to work by reason of the normal body movements. This working
of the pad results in the fibrous material migrating within the
pad. Such migration is especially evident when the pad is wetted as
by liquid exudate. In many absorbent pads, the absorbent material
is disposed between sheets that support the pad and prevent it from
falling apart. Disposable diaper pads frequently are so
constructed. In use, the weak fiber-to-fiber association is
insufficient to keep the pad together so that fibrous material
slumps within the pad toward the lowest point in the pad. When the
pad is used in a disposable diaper, for example, the fluff tends to
migrate from the waist area toward the crotch area as the child
moves during its normal activities. When this same diaper becomes
wetted as by a urinary discharge into it, the fibers that absorb
the urine become heavier than the dry, or drier, fibers. The
moisture also appears to reduce the mechanical association of the
fibers. In any event, the wetted fibers tend to form into lumps or
agglomerates of fibers, some of which are sufficiently large as to
cause discomfort to the child. Such slumping and lumpiness also
reduces the desired absorptive properties of the pad for receiving
further exudate and promotes leakage of exudate.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a fibrous
absorptive pad which is stabilized against migration of the fibrous
material therein. It is a further object of the invention to
provide an absorptive pad comprising fluff which is held in its
relative position within the pad by means of a network of bonds
between the fibers of the fluff and a plurality of filaments
incorporated in the pad.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be recognized
from the following description, including the drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a representation of an absorbent pad embodying various
features of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, partly cut-away, view of one corner of the
adsorbent pad shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary representation of a portion of an
absorbent pad including various features of the invention and
showing filaments having adhesive associated therewith;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary representation of a further embodiment of
the absorbent pad; and,
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary representation of a still further
embodiment of the absorbent pad.
Stated generally, the absorptive pad disclosed herein comprises a
plurality of defibrated cellulosic fibers randomly accumulated to
define the pad. A plurality of elongated filaments are incorporated
into the pad in a manner which anchors many of the fibers in the
pad to the filaments so that the pad is stabilized against slumping
and/or lumpiness. The filaments are spaced apart from each other
and each bears adhesive which extends from the filament into the
fibrous material of the pad to contact and bond individual fibers
to the filament. These bonds act to join the fibers of any given
portion of the pad to that part of the filament in such portion so
that such fibers are not free to migrate away from the filament.
The unitary filament extends from one portion of the pad into the
other portions of the pad. In each portion, the fibers are bonded
to the filament so that the filament serves as an elongated anchor
extending into and tying together many portions of the pad. Other
portions are tied together by other filaments. In short, the
filaments and network of adhesive function to anchor individual
fibers and to maintain the anchored fibers in their proper position
within the pad, thereby integrating and stabilizing the fibrous
material within the pad.
The present inventors have found that both slump and lumpiness can
be effectively reduced or substantially eliminated by incorporating
into a fluff pad 16 a plurality of elongated filaments 18 that are
bonded within the pad by a network of bonds that stabilizes the
fibers against migration. The bonds between each filament 18 and
those fibers adjacent to the filament establish a network of bonds
wherein those fibers 22 closest to the filament 18 are effectively
held in position next to the filament such that the fibers do not
migrate away from the filament. A major portion or all of each of
these fibers may be embedded in the adhesive so that they are well
anchored to the filament. Those fibers 24 that are slightly more
distant from the filament are less effectively held but are
anchored to the filament 18 sufficiently to reduce their tendency
to migrate away from the filament. Fibers 26 that are further away
from the filament 18 also have a reduced tendency to migrate
inasmuch as they are mechanically interlocked with a number of
fibers which, in turn, are securely bonded to the filament. The
anchorage of individual fibers to a filament thus is transferred,
albeit to a lesser degree, to fibers that are out of direct contact
with the adhesive. This pattern of reducing fastness of attachment
of the fibers to a filament as a function of their distance from
the filament is repeated with each filament. Accordingly, the
spacing of filaments within the pad is chosen so that the fiber
bonding afforded by one filament commences after the fiber bonding
of an adjacent filament has dropped away substantially or has
ceased to be an effective force. This network of bonds is desirable
for the reason, among other, that it provides good retention of the
fiber distribution in the pad. Importantly, the network of bonds is
open to the extent that flow of liquid exudate into and within the
pad is not reduced unacceptably, but rather the spacing between
adjacent fibers, their alignment, and the distribution of adhesive
are selected to minimize interference with the desired flow of
liquid exudate to and within the pad.
As used herein, the term "filament" is intended to include natural
or synthetic fiber threads such as threads formed from stable
length textile fibers, synthetic fibers of stable length, or
twisted synthetic filaments. It is preferred, however, to use
twisted fibrous threads as the filaments referred to herein. These
filaments readily receive the adhesive in the spaces between the
fibers of the filament, thereby serving as good carriers for the
adhesive to develop good bonding between the pad fibers and the
filament. Such twisted filaments are soft and flexible so that
their presence in the pad does not detract appreciably from the
desired softness and flexibility of the pad.
With reference to the Figures, in FIG. 1 there is shown an
absorbent pad 10 comprising a quantity of fibrous material
collected in a manner that defines the pad outline and contour.
One suitable fibrous material comprises cellulosic fluff 16, the
fibers of which have a length less than about three-eighths inch
and which are derived by divellication of a wood pulp batt into
individual fibers, or as nearly so as possible. These divellicated
fibers are accumulated in pad form as by air laying the fibers onto
a foraminous substrate. When accumulated into a pad such as that
depicted in FIG. 1, the fibers are randomly oriented within the pad
and are mechanically interlocked one with another to the extent at
least that the pad is self-supporting. In general, this means that
the pad will not fall apart nor will the fibers shift relative to
one another when the dry pad is held without movement. The
interfiber bonds between the fibers in the fluff are such however,
that working of the fibers relative to each other frees the fibers
and causes the pad to disintegrate. The fluff pad is commonly
enclosed to permit handling of the fluff without it disintegrating.
One suitable means for thus enclosing the fluff is to sandwich it
between sheets 30 and 32 of a material which is pervious to liquids
but which provides support to the fluff and inhibits the escape of
loose fibers. Tissue sheets having a basis weight of between about
7 and 15 pounds per ream of 2,880 square feet serve satisfactorily
in this function. These sheets 30 and 32 provide sufficient support
to the fluff 16 so that it can be handled, as during assembly of
the fluff pad into a disposable diaper.
The filaments 18 in the depicted embodiments lie generally straight
and parallel. This orientation of the filaments has been found
satisfactory and amenable to high-speed manufacturing processes. It
is recognized however, that the filaments may extend in the
transverse, longitudinal or diagonal dimensions of the pad or in a
combination of these. Also, the filaments may extend through the
fluff in serpentine fashion.
The filaments desirably are not so large as to stiffen the pad
unacceptedly or to produce undesirable bulges, ridges or the like
in the pad. Synthetic fibrous filaments or synthetic multifilament
filaments having a denier between about 100 or 200 provide
anchoring ties for the pad. Textile filaments of between about 30
and 100 Tex also are suitable for use in the pad as disclosed
herein. Cotton filaments have been found particularly suitable due
to their receptivity for the preferred adhesive, their relative
softness, flexibility and low cost. Seventy Tex cotton filaments
are preferred in that they supply the desired strength and are not
so large as to introduce discomfort or unsightliness in the
product.
Various adhesives provide acceptable bonds between the fluff fibers
and the filaments. Preferably, the adhesive is of the cold,
water-soluble type such as polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl alcohol
and others. These adhesives bond the filaments and fibers as
described above but do not introduce harshness to the pad. They
also permit more complete disintegration of the pad during its
disposal after use. Further, these adhesives are compatible with
the environment existing in fluff manufacturing and handling where
volatile or flammable solvents present unacceptable hazards.
In accordance with one embodiment of the disclosed absorbent pad
10, the fluff 16 is formed into a generally rectangular pad having
a plurality of individual spaced apart aligned filaments 18
extending generally along the length of the pad. As depicted in
FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, each of the filaments 18 is provided with a
quantity of adhesive 34 that extends from the filament into the
fibrous material adjacent to the filament. The tentacular-type
spreading of the adhesive from the filament into the fibrous pad
results in an effective bond between the filament and those fibers
22 contiguous to the filament. Other fibers 24 more distant from
the filament are only partially anchored to the filament through
the adhesive tentacles 34. Still other more remote fibers 26 are
not directly contacted by the adhesive but are mechanically
interlocked to the fibers which are either directly or
substantially directly adhered by the adhesive 34 to a filament 18.
As noted before, the bonds between the fibers and each filament act
to join the fibers of any given portion of the pad to that part of
the filament in such portion. The filament functions to join each
portion of the diaper to other portions of the pad into which the
filament extends.
In addition to the bonding between the fibers and a filament, the
adhesive 34 also anchors the filament, in one embodiment, to the
tissue cover sheet 30 and the absorbent pad. In this manner, each
filament is anchored along its length to both the fibrous material
of the pad and to the integral tissue cover sheet so that the
filament is less subject to movement within the pad.
In one embodiment, 70 Tex cotton filaments were passed into a bath
of polyvinyl chloride adhesive from which each was withdrawn
through a 1/16 inch diameter hole in the bath tank. This resulted
in the deposition of about one-half gram of adhesive on each 140
inches of filament length. These adhesive-bearing threads were
overlaid on a fluff pad and covered with a tissue web. This
assemblage was compressed to the extent that adhesive spread from
each filament into the fluff. In one embodiment of an absorbent pad
for a disposable diaper, the compression was sufficient to spread
the adhesive from the filament as much as about 1/4 inch radially
from the filament surface. In a diaper pad 12 inches wide, these
filaments were spaced about 1 inch apart, commencing about 11/2
inches inwardly from a side edge of the pad. This spacing was found
to be sufficient to effectively eliminate objectionable slumping or
lumpiness in the diaper pad. Other spacings and spread of the
adhesive can be used, depending upon the anticipated propensity of
the fibers to migrate and the degree of anchoring necessary to
forestall such.
Additional embodiments of the disclosed absorptive pad are depicted
in FIGS. 4 and 5. In FIG. 4, the elongated filaments 36 are
disposed in that portion of the fluff pad 16 adjacent the bottom
tissue sheet 32 as opposed to the upper position of the filaments
18 as shown in FIG. 1. In the embodiments shown in FIG. 4, there is
offered the advantage of having the filamentary material disposed
away from the body of the wearer. In general, this does not
constitute a serious problem when employing filaments of relatively
small diameter but it is to be recognized that larger filaments may
be employed which might induce discomfort if present next to the
body of a wearer. In FIG. 5, there is shown an absorptive pad 38
wherein the pad comprises two layers of fluff 40 and 42 that are
overlayed with reinforcing filaments 44 disposed at the interface
46 between the two fluff layers 40 and 42. It will be recognized
that other positions or combinations of positions of the filaments
within the absorptive pad are permissible and in fact may be
desirable such as when it is desired to provide maximized
stabilization of the fluff within the pad. This latter objective
may be accomplished by providing filaments on both the top and
bottom of the fluff pad and/or by providing filaments in the center
of the pad as well as on one or more of the opposite flat surfaces
of the pad.
In a further embodiment, the filaments 18 may extend beyond the
side or end edges of the pad 10. Inasmuch as these filaments bear
adhesive, those portions which extend beyond the pad edges are
useful in bonding together sheets of material between which the pad
may be disposed. For example, the tissue sheets 30 and 32 may be
made wider and/or longer than the fluff 16 so that such sheets
extend beyond the edges of the fluff to form an envelope for the
fluff. By extending the filaments beyond the fluff edges, and
between the two tissue sheets, the adhesive-bearing filaments serve
to bond the tissue sheets to each other at spaced apart locations
along the edges of the fluff and aid in preventing escape of the
fluff.
* * * * *