U.S. patent number 3,855,748 [Application Number 05/315,595] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-24 for playground assembly set.
Invention is credited to Jacob E. Thomas.
United States Patent |
3,855,748 |
Thomas |
December 24, 1974 |
PLAYGROUND ASSEMBLY SET
Abstract
Playground assembly elements consisting of a plurality of planar
elements of at least two different sizes. One element is
substantially larger in area than the other element, and both
elements have notches in strategic locations so that the two
elements may be easily combined in numerous permutations, and just
as easily disassembled, without the use of fasteners or other
connecting elements. The elements are of a size and construction
such that they are capable of safely supporting the weight of
children playing in or on the constructed assemblies.
Inventors: |
Thomas; Jacob E. (Port
Townsend, WA) |
Family
ID: |
23225162 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/315,595 |
Filed: |
December 15, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/578; D25/159;
446/115; D21/491 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63H
33/105 (20130101); A63B 9/00 (20130101); A63B
2208/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63H
33/10 (20060101); A63H 33/04 (20060101); A63B
9/00 (20060101); E04c 001/10 (); E04c 001/30 () |
Field of
Search: |
;46/30,31,215
;52/650,DIG.10,585 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
329,265 |
|
Sep 1935 |
|
IT |
|
49,313 |
|
Apr 1940 |
|
NL |
|
1,243,060 |
|
Apr 1960 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Purser; Ernest R.
Assistant Examiner: Raduazo; Henry
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Christensen, O'Connor, Garrison
& Havelka
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A building set, the elements of which can be connected with one
another to form modular structures, comprising:
a plurality of thin-edged, multilateral, plate-like building
elements having defined therein a plurality of first slots of
predetermined uniform depth, including at least two slots opening
onto each edge of said building element, each of said two slots
being spaced an equal distance from the nearest corner of said
building element; and,
a plurality of thin-edged, plate-like connecting elements
substantially smaller in surface area than said building elements
and having defined therein a plurality of second slots of
predetermined uniform depth, said connecting elements joining with
said building elements in slidable interconnection between said
first and second slots, wherein the distance between adjacent first
slots in a given edge of said building elements is equal to twice
said equal distance plus the difference between the straight-line
distance separating opposing second slots in said connecting
element and a distance equal to twice the depth of said first
slots.
2. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein each edge of
said building elements is substantially 2 feet in length, and
wherein each of said plurality of building elements and connecting
elements are substantially one-half inch thick and are made of a
substantially nonresilient material.
3. An apparatus in accordance with claim 2, wherein said connecting
element includes at least two pairs of opposing second slots.
4. An apparatus in accordance with claim 3, wherein said connecting
element is a square, and each of said second slots open on a corner
thereof.
5. An apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein each of said
second slots is relieved where it opens onto a corner of said
connecting element.
6. An apparatus in accordance with claim 5, wherein each relieved
edge of said connecting element between a second slot and the
peripheral edge is substantially straight, and forms a right angle
with the respective peripheral edge and an obtuse angle with the
respective second slot.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to playground apparatus for children, and
more specifically, to a category of playgound apparatus wherein the
child utilizes given building elements to construct various
playground assemblies, according to his own imagination.
The art of entertaining children has, in the past, resulted in a
great deal of creative effort. Toys, games and other such
entertainment devices have provided a continuing challenge for the
mind of the creative inventor, and this has been especially true in
the last 75 years, as it has become less and less necessary for
children to make a working contribution, with a resulting increase
in time for play-type activities. Such devices for children have
generally had two pruposes: (1) to provide entertainment for the
child, i.e., to keep the child occupied for considerable periods of
time; and (2) to teach or assist the child in learning a particular
skill, physical coordination, or in some instances, social lessons,
such as peer cooperation. The last few years has witnessed an
increasing emphasis on the educational or "teaching" toy, as it is
generally accepted that such items are a pleasurable, and thus
effective, means for assisting a child to learn needed physical as
well as social skills.
One characteristic of the maturing child appears to be an
inclination toward construction, according to his imagination and
particular level of skill that he has achieved. This inclination
toward construction and assembling various disassociated elements
into an imaginative whole has prompted the development of many toys
which allow the child to construct various models, such as houses,
cars, buildings, etc., from individually supplied elements. Many of
these toys are adapted such that they may be easily assembled to
form the desired model and then just as easily disassembled, the
same elements then being used to form a different assembly.
This category of assembly toys, however, while allowing the child
to have relative free rein of his imagination, and satisfying to a
certain extent the child's inclination to build, also has numerous
disadvantages. First of all, the overwhelming majority of prior art
assembly toys are miniature, and the child thus is not able to play
on or in them. Furthermore, the miniature assemblies are capable of
being constructed entirely by a single individual, a feature which,
although desirable in some respects, is undesirable from the
standpoint of a child learning cooperation with others. In view of
the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
modular building set comprising elements which may be assembled in
various structural arrays.
It is another object of the invention to provide a modular building
set comprising elements of such configuration that assemblies of
the elements are sufficiently strong that children may play in or
on them.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a modular
building set comprising elements which may be easily assembled and
disassembled by children, without the need of fasteners or
braces.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
modular building set comprising elements which require cooperation
between children in building with the elements.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a
modular building set comprising elements which may be assembled
into a large variety of configurations.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
modular building set comprising elements which, when not assembled,
fit into a relatively compact space.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a
modular building set comprising elements wherein the configuration
of the individual elements is conducive to a child's imagination in
assembling the various elements into a particular whole.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of one element of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a first element of the present
invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a second element of the present
invention.
FIG. 4 is an elevational view of a second element of the present
invention.
FIG. 5 is a view of the notch cut into the second element of the
present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of one particular configuration utilizing the
first and second elements.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of two building elements connected opposed by
two connecting elements.
FIG. 8 is a side elevation of two building elements connected
normal to each other by two connecting elements.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To accomplish the above and other objects of the present invention,
a plurality of first and second planar assembly elements are
provided, each element having a predetermined size, shape and
configuration of assembly notches. More particularly, the first
element is a planar member, preferably in the form of a sqaure
having notches cut in a predetermined fashion in the sides of the
element, the notches extending transversely across the edge of the
element, and inwardly a substantial distance without significantly
closing upon one another. The second element is likewise a planar
member, preferably in the form of a square, although substantially
smaller than the first element, and has notches located at various
locations on the perhiphery thereof, the notches extending
transversely across the edge of the element and inwardly toward its
center. A plurality of each element then can be fitted together
according to the imagination and wishes of the children using them,
resulting in strong, stable assemblies, without the use of other
elements such as braces, connections, fasteners, etc.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1 through 4, the general configuration of the
two elements making up the playground assembly elements of the
present invention are shown. Each of the elements is constructed of
marine-grade birch plywood, although other woods or materials of
similar strength and structure characteristics may be used. A
plurality of each element is provided so that the users may be able
to build many different structures utilizing various combinations
of the two elements. A typical set of elements, providing a
substantial building capability, might be 20 to 30 of the elements
shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and 60 to 80 of the smaller elements shown
in FIGS. 3 and 4, although set combinations may be equally useful,
depending upon the particular application.
In the preferred embodiment, the element shown in FIG. 1 is, in
plan, a square having a dimension A of 2 feet, and a dimension B of
one-half inch. This particular size and shape allows a substantial
amount of construction flexibility without being too heavy or
cumbersome for the child, while providing the large size and
appropriate strength to form enclosures, platforms, or the like,
large enough so that a child may conveniently play on or within the
assemblies. The element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is the "building
block" element of the modular playground set.
The element shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is likewise a square, having a
dimension C of 91/2 inches, and a dimension D of one-half inch,
similar to the first element. These smaller elements are the
"connection block" elements, utilized to connect together the
building elements into various original assemblies. Thus, while the
building element will form the floor, ceiling and walls of a
typical enclosure, the connecting elements will provide the stable
structural connection and support between the building
elements.
This principle is demonstrated in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, which shown
configurations utilizing the building and connecting elements.
Thus, for instance, in FIG. 6, a plurality of building elements 11
form the basic structural enclosure, while a plurality of
connecting elements 12 provide a stable structural connection
between the building elements. The resulting structure is a sturdy,
safe enclosure, sufficiently large enough and strong enough so that
children may easily play in it and upon it.
The shape and size of the two elements were chosen for maximum
building flexibility and strength, as well as economy of
fabrication from standard 4.times.8 foot plywood sheets. The
building elements were selected to be 2 foot squares so as to
provide sufficient size without becoming cumbersome, and to provide
maximum flexibility in module design, as the use of the square
enables the user to expand his module in any direction he
chooses.
The connecting elements of the preferred embodiments were chosen to
be substantially smaller squares again for the reasons of strength
and design flexibility. The connecting element is substantially
smaller than the building element, so that the building elements
can be connected together with a minimum loss of space. The shape,
moreover, provides strength for connecting the building elements
without undue loss of space, due to the connecting element
extending into the area enclosed by the building elements. For
instance, if the connecting elements were circular, they would
possess additional strength, but would also extend substantially
farther into the area bounded by the building elements, thus
restricting movement, while if the connecting element were
contoured to give more interior room, a substantial reduction in
strength would result. Nevertheless, other element shapes may be
utilized to practice the invention, although the optimum shape, for
the purposes of the invention, is the square.
The notch structure by means of which the elements achieve a stable
connection is shown in FIGS. 1 through 4, and shown in detail in
FIG. 5. With respect to FIGS. 1 and 2, a portion 14--14 is cut or
notched out of the element at predetermined locations around the
periphery of the element. The cut-out portion extends entirely
through the element edgewise, beginning at the edge and extending
inwardly normal to the edge from which it started to point 16--16,
2.75 inches from the edge for the building element shown in FIGS. 1
and 2. The width of the cut-out portion 14--14 in plan is slightly
greater than the one-half inch edge dimension of the connecting
element to slip into the notches edge-wise. In the preferred
embodiment, two such notches are provided along each 2 foot edge of
the building element, the two notches being spaced from opposing
edges a distance E, 5.68 inches, with distance G being 12.37 inches
between the respective centers of the two notches of an individual
edge.
With respect to the connecting element of FIGS. 3 and 4, the
notches are similar, but not identical, to those of the building
element of FIGS. 1 and 2. The cut-out portion 17--17 in the
connecting element begins at each corner of the element and extends
inwardly for 3.50 inches from the imaginary corner of the square.
Again, the cut-out portion 17--17 extends transversely across the
edge of the element, and has a width in plan of slightly greater
than one-half inch.
The length and location of the notches are important to the
invention, as the modular capability of the elements provided by
the location of the notches and the shape of the elements allows
for significant design flexibility. For instance, when two building
elements are connected as shown in FIGS. 7 or 8 by connecting
elements, the edge distance J between adjacent slot centers will
always be the same, 12.37 inches. This allows the structure to be
extended in any direction. Furthermore, when two building elements
are connected in an opposed direction as in FIG. 7, there exists
slightly more than 1 inch of space between the opposing building
elements. When the building elements are connected normal to each
other, as in FIG. 8, the edges of the elements do not quite abut
each other. The above-described slot configuration and location
results in assemblies which are structurally sound, flexible in
design, and having minimum open space between connected
elements.
Another feature of the notch in the elements is the flare, shown in
FIGS. 1-4, and in detail in FIG. 5. With respect to the building
elements, the flare is cut at 45.degree. angle to the edge with
each of the resulting corners being slightly rounded. The angled
flare cut extends approximately one-half inch into the length of
the notch itself. This flare allows for the easy insertion and
removal of the connecting elements.
With respect to the connecting elements, a similar flare is used,
although the flare is made with respect to a corner and not a
straight edge. The flare is especially important in the connecting
element notches because the notches begin at the corners of the
square element. If there is no flare, the building elements are
difficult to insert, and the stress at the corners will eventually
cause cracking and breaking. By using the flare, the stress
concentration points are moved toward a more stable portion of the
connecting elements. Referring to FIG. 5, a corner of a connecting
element 11 is shown. The flare and the notch may be easily cut at
one time by use of a standard router, or similar technique, or the
corner may be first cut off along line 21--21, and the notch cut
subsequently. In any event, the distance M is three-forths inch,
and the distance N is one-half inch, in the preferred embodiment.
The corners of the flare, both in the building and connecting
elements, are rounded, as shown. This flare portion of the notch
results in a reduction of the stress at the corners of the notch,
and allows for easy insertion and removal of the building elements
from the connecting elements. Additionally, the notches 20 may be
slightly tapered inward of the element, to allow for additional
flexibility in construction.
The building and connecting elements then are connected together to
form various configurations, the particular assembly being limited
only by the imagination of the user and the number and kind of
elements available. The notch type of connection allows building
and connecting elements to fit together quite readily. For
instance, with respect to the building elements 11--11 and the
connecting elements 12--12 in FIG. 6, it can be seen that when the
connecting elements and the building elements fit together, the
respective notches in each element meet edgewise.
To fit the two elements together, as shown in FIG. 6, it is only
necessary to orient the one element edgewise, or at a 90.degree.
angle, with respect to the other, and then slide the two mating
slots of the elements, respectively, together until the end
boundaries of the respective slots meet. By mating the plurality of
building and connecting elements in such a manner, a multitude of
stable assemblies may be produced, large enough and stable enough
for a child to play within or upon, as demonstrated in FIG. 6.
Furthermore, by rounding the corners of all the elements, and
sanding their edges, any sharp edges or angles which could injure
the user are eliminated.
The building and connecting elements utilized by the present
invention take advantage of the maturing child's natural desire and
ability to build, and encourage him, because of the size of the
elements, to develop cooperative habits with other children so that
a particularly complex structure may be implemented.
The use of these playground elements clearly demonstrates to the
child the concept of modular construction, both its advantages and
disadvantages, and also assists in developing his physical skills
and his ability to visualize in terms of three-dimensional
geometry. Furthermore, although the elements may be combined into
cumbersome or even unwieldy structures, as well as compact ones,
they may be easily and quickly disassembled, and the plurality of
building and connecting elements may be stored in a relatively
compact space, as the elements are all planar, of regular size, and
have no protrusions.
Although an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been
disclosed herein for purposes of illustration, it will be
understood that various changes, modifications and substitutions
may be incorporated in such embodiment without departing from the
spirit of the invention. For instance, different sized and shaped
elements may be utilized as well as the ones disclosed in the
present invention. Still other modifications may be made without
departing from the spirit of the invention which is defined by the
claims which follow.
* * * * *