U.S. patent number 3,854,775 [Application Number 05/348,538] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-17 for mineral mining machine steering means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Anderson Mavor Limited. Invention is credited to Forrest Symington Anderson.
United States Patent |
3,854,775 |
Anderson |
December 17, 1974 |
MINERAL MINING MACHINE STEERING MEANS
Abstract
This invention relates to steering means in a mineral mining
machine of the type having cutting elements at each end thereof,
said elements being capable of being raised or lowered to cut and
form a roof or to cut and form a floor and said cutting elements
being either rigidly mounted to the machine body or mounted on
ranging arms pivotally mounted to the machine body. The steering
means provides for controlling the height of a leading floor
mounted support for the machine on the face side of the machine to
suit variations in the horizontal and vertical plane of the leading
cutting element and thereby maintain the transverse plane of the
machine body on a predetermined plane. The steering means includes
hydraulic servo control means connected to hydraulic jacks for the
support members and adjustable detecting means, responsive to
change in the predetermined transverse plane of the machine,
operate valve means to actuate the hydraulic jack on the leading
support member to maintain the machine body in said predetermined
plane.
Inventors: |
Anderson; Forrest Symington
(Carluke, SC) |
Assignee: |
Anderson Mavor Limited
(Motherwell, Lanarkshire, SC)
|
Family
ID: |
10114709 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/348,538 |
Filed: |
April 6, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Apr 21, 1972 [GB] |
|
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18569/72 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
299/1.6; 91/419;
137/46; 299/43 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21C
27/02 (20130101); E21C 35/06 (20130101); E21C
35/24 (20130101); Y10T 137/0947 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
E21C
35/00 (20060101); E21C 27/02 (20060101); E21C
35/24 (20060101); E21C 27/00 (20060101); E21C
35/06 (20060101); E21c 035/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;299/1 ;91/419
;137/45,46 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Purser; Ernest R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Larson, Taylor and Hinds
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A mineral mining machine of the type referred to including
steering means comprising hydraulic servo control means in a
hydraulic circuit operatively connectible to a hydraulic jack for a
leading support member on the face side of the machine, adjustable
pendulum means oscillatable about an axis parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the machine to detect transverse tilting of
the machine from a predetermined position and responsive to said
tilting to operate a valve member in the hydraulic circuit to
provide a pressure differential, said pressure differential applied
to an intensifier, said valve member comprising a pair of nozzles
aligned with the open ends of a pair of conduits, said conduits
connected to opposite ends of said intensifier, a jet disturbing
member operatively connected to said pendulum and interposed
between said nozzles and said conduits and movable between one
extreme position in which the jet disturbing member cuts-off the
supply of hydraulic fluid from one nozzle to its associated conduit
to another extreme position in which the supply of hydraulic fluid
from the other nozzle to its associated conduit is cut-off, said
intensifier comprising a double acting piston to actuate valve
means, said valve means operable to actuate said leading hydraulic
jack to maintain the machine in said predetermined position.
2. A mineral mining machine according to claim 1 in which the
support members on the gob side of the machine are rigidly attached
to the machine and the cutting elements are each mounted on an
adjustable arm at the ends of the machine.
3. A mineral mining machine according to claim 1 in which the
cutting elements at each end of the machine are rigidly mounted to
the machine, the support members on the gob side of the machine are
each mounted on a vertically slidable guide member, said guide
members each actuated by a manually operable hydraulic jack for
raising or lowering the support members, and the trailing support
member on the face side of the machine is operatively connected to
a jack hydraulically coupled in parallel with the gob side trailing
support member.
4. A mineral mining machine of the type referred to including
steering means comprising hydraulic servo control means in a
hydraulic circuit operatively connectible to a hydraulic jack for a
leading support member on the face side of the machine, adjustable
pendulum means oscillatable about an axis parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the machine to detect transverse tilting of
the machine from a predetermined position and responsive to said
tilting to operate a valve member in the hydraulic circuit to
provide a pressure differential, said pressure differential applied
to an intensifier, said valve member comprising a swinging nozzle
valve in which an oscillatable nozzle is operatively connected to
said pendulum arm to direct a jet of hydraulic fluid in the
direction of the open ends of two hydraulic lines arranged in the
line of oscillation of the nozzle and each of said hydraulic lines
being connected to an opposite side of intensifier, said
intensifier operable to actuate valve means, said valve means
operable to actuate said leading hydraulic jack to maintain the
machine in said predetermined position.
Description
This invention relates to mineral mining machine steering
means.
More particularly the invention relates to steering means for a
mining machine of the type having cutting elements at each end, the
cutting elements being capable of being raised or lowered to cut
and form a roof or to cut and form a floor. The leading cutting
element cuts and forms the floor and the trailing cutting element
cuts and forms the roof.
The machine may be built with the usual unit construction
comprising a power unit, haulage winch unit and gearbox units to
drive the cutting elements, and the machine is supported by support
elements which are located as close as possible to the cutting
elements. A pair of support elements is provided for each cutting
element, one support element of each pair is located on the face
side of the machine and supported on the floor and the opposite
support element of each pair is located on the gob side of the
machine and supported on the floor or on a face conveyor or
conveyor structure and is captive to the conveyor or conveyor
structure.
The face side of the machine is the side adjacent the mineral face
to be cut and the gob side is the side of the machine remote from
the mineral face and adjacent the face conveyor.
The cutting element at each end of the machine may be of the
ranging arm type in which the elements are each mounted on an arm
which is adjustable in height so that the plane of cutting can be
varied in relation to the machine body.
Alternatively the cutting elements may be rigidly mounted on each
end of the machine and the plane of cutting is varied by raising or
lowering one end of the machine relative to the other end of the
machine. Such machines are hereinafter referred to as machines of
the type referred to.
In machines of the type referred to where the leading cutting
element is cutting and forming the floor slightly in advance of the
leading support elements, difficulty has been found in steering the
machine so as to maintain the transverse plane of the machine body
on a predetermined plane relative to the plane of advance of the
mineral face.
The present invention provides a means for controlling the height
of the leading floor mounted support on the face side of the
machine to suit variations in the horizontal and vertical plane of
the leading cutting element and thereby maintaining the transverse
plane of the machine body on a predetermined plane.
According to the invention a mineral mining machine of the type
referred to includes steering means comprising hydraulic servo
control means in a hydraulic circuit operatively connectable to a
hydraulic jack for a leading support member on the face side of the
machine, adjustable means in the hydraulic circuit for detecting a
predetermined transverse plane of the machine body, said detecting
means responsive to change in said transverse plane to operate a
valve member to provide a pressure differential in the hydraulic
circuit which is applied to an intensifier in the form of a
double-acting piston to actuate valve means which actuate the
leading hydraulic jack to maintain the machine body in said
predetermined plane.
The detecting means may be provided by an adjustable pendulum
oscillatable about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
machine body.
The valve member may comprise a double nozzle flapper valve or a
swinging nozzle valve associated with the pendulum or the arm
member.
Embodiments of the invention illustrated by way of example in the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view from the gob side of a mining machine
of the type referred to having cutting elements at each end of the
machine each mounted at the end of a ranging arm which is
adjustable in height so that the plane of cutting can be varied in
relation to the machine body;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the machine of FIG. 1 taken from the
face side of the machine;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the machine of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view on the line 4--4 of FIG. 3 showing one
embodiment of steering means;
FIG. 5 is a side elevation of the gob side of a mining machine of
the type referred to incorporating a further embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the machine of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view on the line 7--7 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of one embodiment of a
hydraulic servo control circuit;
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic illustration of another embodiment of a
hydraulic servo control circuit;
FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic illustration of a further embodiment of a
hydraulic servo control circuit.
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawings 1 denotes generally a
mining machine of the type referred to having a power unit 2, a
haulage winch unit 3 and gearbox units 4 to drive cutting elements
5 mounted at each end of the machine.
The cutting units may, as illustrated, comprise a drum 6 having
cutting picks 7 mounted on helical flanges 8.
The cutting elements 5 are of the ranging arm type in which the
elements 5 are each mounted on an arm 9 which is adjustable in
height so that the plane of cutting can be varied in relation to
the machine body.
The mineral machine is supported by support elements 10, 10a and
11, 11a arranged in pairs at each end of the machine as close as
possible to the cutting elements.
The gob side of the machine 1 is supported by support elements 10
and 11 which comprise two skid shoes each rigidly attached to an
end of the machine as near as possible to the cutting elements 5.
The shoes 10 and 11 are carried by the face side 12 of a face
conveyor or conveyor structure 13 and are captive to the conveyor
for sliding movement along the conveyor.
The face side of the machine is supported by support elements 10a
and 11a which comprise two floor mounted skid shoes located one at
each end of the machine as near as possible to the cutting elements
5.
Each of the skid shoes 10a and 11a on the face side of the machine
is attached to the lower end of a vertically slidable guide 14 and
a hydraulic jack 15 is interposed between the vertical guide and
the machine body so that the height of the machine body from the
floor at the face side of the machine can be varied by operation of
the jacks.
Hydraulic servo control means, which will be described later, is
provided whereby the hydraulic jack associated with the leading
floor mounted support element on the face side of the machine can
be actuated so that, if the transverse plane of the machine body
departs from a predetermined plane, which would normally be the
plane of advance of the mineral face, the jack for the leading
floor mounted support element will operate to restore the machine
body to the predetermined plane.
The jack associated with the floor mounted support element at the
trailing end of the machine is supplied with a substantially
constant fluid pressure to support approximately half of the weight
of the trailing end of the machine.
The inoperative or zero position of the servo control means can be
adjusted so that the predetermined transverse plane of the machine
body can be other than the plane of advance of the coal face.
Referring now to FIGS. 5 to 7 where like elements are referred to
by the same reference numerals as the above described embodiment,
the cutting elements 5 at each end of the machine are rigidly
mounted to the machine body so that, to cut and form a floor the
leading end of the machine is lowered to lower the cutting element
5 at that end and the trailing end of the machine is raised to
raise the cutting elements 5 at that end of the machine to cut and
form a roof.
The gob side of the machine is supported on two skid shoes 10 and
11 located as near as possible to the cutting elements. The shoes
are each carried on the face side 12 of the face conveyor or
conveyor structure 13 and are captive to the conveyor for sliding
movement along the conveyor. Alternatively the shoes may be located
on the floor adjacent the conveyor 13 and captive to the conveyor
for sliding movement along the conveyor.
The shoes 10 and 11 are each mounted at one end of an associated
slidable guide member 14 which is operated by a hydraulic jack 15a
attached to the machine frame for adjusting the height of the shoes
and therefore the height of that side of the machine.
The adjusted position of the gob side shoes is determined by manual
operation of the hydraulic jacks 15a, the operator positioning the
leading shoe so that the cutting element cuts and forms a floor and
positioning the trailing shoe so that the cutting element at that
end of the machine cuts and forms a roof.
The face side of the machine is provided with floor mounted
supports or skid shoes 10a and 11a identical with those of the
first mentioned embodiment with the leading face side support
having hydraulic servo control means while the trailing face side
support may be hydraulically coupled in parallel with the gob side
trailing shoe to share the weight of the trailing end of the
machine.
The hydraulic servo control means is provided by a hydraulic
circuit adapted to be connected to the jack associated with the
leading support or skid shoe on the face side of the machine.
One embodiment of the hydraulic circuit is illustrated in FIG. 8 of
the accompanying drawings and is provided by a pump P supplying
hydraulic fluid through restriction means 20 to each nozzle of a
double nozzle flapper valve which is actuated by a pendulum 21
adjustably suspended for oscillation about an axis parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the machine body. The flapper valve comprises
a pair of nozzle members 22 and 23 arranged one on each side of the
arm of the pendulum 21 to direct a jet of hydraulic fluid in the
direction of the pendulum arm so that when the pendulum swings in
one direction the nozzle at that side of the pendulum is blocked or
partially blocked while the opposite nozzle is clear thus a
pressure differential is built up in the conduits leading to the
nozzle members. The conduits are connected one to each side of an
intensifier 24 formed by a double acting piston and the pressure
differential is transmitted to the double acting piston 24 which
provides a force to actuate valve means 25 in a hydraulic circuit
supplied by a second pump P which is connected via a flow control
valve 26 to the jack for the leading support to raise or lower the
jack.
The first pump P also supplies a constant pressure to the jack for
the trailing support means on the face side of the machine. A
manually operable change-over valve 29 is connected in both
hydraulic circuits so that when the direction of travel of the
machine is changed the hydraulic circuits can be directed to their
respective jacks.
In another embodiment of the hydraulic servo control means
illustrated in FIG. 9 of the drawings which is similar to the
embodiment of FIG. 8 except that the double nozzle flapper valve is
substituted by a swinging nozzle valve 27 in which hydraulic
pressure is supplied to a nozzle 28 associated with the pendulum 21
mounted for oscillation about an axis parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the machine body to direct a jet of hydraulic fluid under
pressure in the direction of the ends of two hydraulic lines 32 and
33 arranged in the line of oscillation of the nozzle 28 and each
connected to opposite sides of the intensifier 24 which is in the
form of a double acting piston operatively connected to the valve
means 25 in the second hydraulic circuit.
A further embodiment of the hydraulic servo control means is
illustrated in FIG. 10 of the drawings which is similar to the
embodiment of FIG. 8 except that the pump P only provides constant
pressure to the jack for the trailing support means. A third pump
P.sub.3 supplies hydraulic fluid to a pair of jets 30 and 31 which
are aligned with openings in conduits 32 and 33 connected one to
each side of the double acting piston 24.
A jet disturbing plate 34 is interposed between the jets 30,31 and
conduits 32, 33 and is so arranged that in a mid neutral position
the plate 34 is clear of the jets and conduits allowing free flow
of fluid.
The pendulum 21 is operatively connected to the plate 34 to swing
the plate in one extreme position between the jet 30 and conduit 32
to cut-off the supply of fluid through the conduit to an opposite
extreme position cutting-off communication between the jet 31 and
conduit 33.
The pendulum is provided with adjustment means 35 which provides
for altering the relative angular position of the plate 34 to the
pendulum arm thereby varying the neutral or zero position of the
plate or pendulum control.
The plate 34 is connected to the arm of the pendulum by an arm 36
which is angularly adjustable relative to the arm of the pendulum
by screw threaded means 35.
* * * * *