U.S. patent number 3,854,227 [Application Number 05/357,432] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-17 for footwear having a two-color rubber sole.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Uniroyal, Inc.. Invention is credited to John F. Borisuck, Reuben A. La Chall.
United States Patent |
3,854,227 |
Borisuck , et al. |
December 17, 1974 |
FOOTWEAR HAVING A TWO-COLOR RUBBER SOLE
Abstract
An article of footwear having a two-color rubber sole
construction which includes a unitary midsole-foxing component
having upper and lower lip-shaped foxing section surrounding and
engaging, respectively, the lower periphery of the upper and the
outer peripheral edge of an outsole component which is vulcanized
to the midsole-foxing component at all points of contact
therebetween, is disclosed. The rubber used for the midsole-foxing
component has a higher modulus than the rubber used for the outsole
component. The sole is formed in a mold cavity defined between the
bottom of a last carrying a lasted upper and the top surface of a
movable sole plate which has, at its end region closest to the
last, a downwardly and outwardly slanted peripheral recessed side
surface terminating in a peripheral transverse shoulder. The inner
surface of the lower lip-shaped section of the foxing, when the
same is formed upon injection of the higher modulus rubber into the
mold cavity, thus has a corresponding slant, and the lower modulus
rubber, when the same is injected into the cavity, is forced
against the so-slanted inner surface of the lower lip-shaped foxing
section. The outsole thus is formed without any intermixing of the
two rubbers and with a slanted peripheral edge along which it is
vulcanized to the inner surface of the lower lip-shaped foxing
section. Upon subsequent trimming, the sole has a sharply defined
junction line between the two rubbers at the interface of the sole
components. This abstract is not to be taken either as a complete
exposition or as a limitation of the present invention, however,
the full nature and extent of the invention being discernible only
by reference to and from the entire disclosure.
Inventors: |
Borisuck; John F. (New Haven,
CT), La Chall; Reuben A. (New Haven, CT) |
Assignee: |
Uniroyal, Inc. (New York,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
26741091 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/357,432 |
Filed: |
May 4, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
61457 |
Aug 5, 1970 |
3751200 |
Aug 7, 1973 |
|
|
729570 |
May 16, 1968 |
3608004 |
Sep 2, 1971 |
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29D
35/085 (20130101); B29D 35/0036 (20130101); A43B
13/12 (20130101); B29D 35/0081 (20130101); A43B
1/0027 (20130101); B29D 35/081 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A43B
13/12 (20060101); A43B 13/02 (20060101); B29D
31/50 (20060101); B29D 31/51 (20060101); A43b
001/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;36/7.3,4,14 ;12/142RS
;425/119 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawson; Patrick D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Holler, Esq.; Norbert P.
Parent Case Text
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 61,547 filed
Aug. 5, 1970, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,751,200 issued Aug. 7, 1973,
which is a division of application Ser. No. 729,570 filed May 16,
1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,608,004 issued Sept. 2, 1971.
Claims
Having thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to
protect by Letters Patent is:
1. In an article of footwear having an upper and a two-color rubber
sole; the improvement wherein said sole comprises
A. a rubber midsole-foxing component vulcanized to said upper;
and
B. a rubber outsole component vulcanized to said midsole-foxing
component;
C. said midsole-foxing component consisting of
i. a midsole portion underlying and vulcanized to the inwardly
lasted bottom margin of said upper, and
ii. a foxing portion, said foxing portion having
a. a first peripheral lip-shaped section extending upwardly
relative to said midsole portion and vulcanized along its inner
surface to the bottom side portion of said upper, and
b. a second peripheral lip-shaped section extending downwardly
relative to said midsole portion and having a downwardly and
outwardly slanted inner surface;
D. said outsole component being disposed within the confines of
said second lip-shaped section of said foxing portion and having a
correspondingly downwardly and outwardly slanted peripheral
surface, said outsole component being vulcanized along said slanted
peripheral surface thereof to said slanted inner surface of said
second lip-shaped section and along the top surface of said outsole
component to the bottom surface of said midsole portion, said
outsole component having a thickness substantially equal to the
height of said second lip-shaped section, and no part of the rubber
of said outsole component showing as a blemish on the outer surface
of said foxing portion; and
E. said midsole-foxing component having a higher modulus than said
outsole component.
2. The article of footwear as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
lower-most edge of said second lip-shaped section of said foxing
adjoins said outsole component at the bottom of the sole along a
visible, sharply defined junction line at the interface
therebetween.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to footwear.
In particular, the present invention relates to rubber-soled
footwear and especially to footwear having a two-color rubber sole
construction.
It is known to provide footwear having two-color sole structures
made up of various plastic materials. While it is indeed highly
desirable to use rubber in such a sole construction, up to the
present time it has not been possible to manufacture footwear
successfully with a two-color rubber sole construction using only
injection or injection-compression means. When using other plastic
compositions, the latter are easily injected into mold cavities,
whose configurations conform to the desired midsole or outsole, so
as to completely fill and set in these cavities. However, when
using rubber, it is difficult to inject the rubber into a mold
cavity the size of which corresponds to the required size of the
midsole or outsole because of the extremely high pressure required
to be used in connection with rubber injection.
Furthermore, in a two-color rubber sole construction, difficulties
are encountered in that during injection of the outsole there is a
tendency on the part of the latter to stretch and displace the
midsole, even if the midsole is fully cured, causing undesirable
rippling of the midsole. In addition, difficulties are encountered
in achieving a sharp, well-defined boundary between the foxing and
the outsole, because the material of the foxing undesirably mixes
with that of the outsole. In addition, where a pair of injection
ports are provided for the rubber materials which are respectively
injected for the midsole and outsole, the initially injected
material for the midsole unavoidably reaches the port for the
outsole material, spewing into the latter and clogging this latter
port, so that difficulties were encountered during injection of the
material for the outsole.
Thus, even though rubber is highly desirable because of its
resiliency, traction, and comfort, nevertheless it has not
heretofore been possible to provide a completely satisfactory and
practical method for making two-color rubber sole construction for
footwear. By the term "two-color" as used herein, there is meant a
pair of rubber materials of different elastic modulus.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly a primary object of the present invention to
provide a solution to the above problems.
Thus, it is an object of the invention to provide not only an
article of footwear having a two-color rubber sole construction,
but also to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently
manufacturing this article.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method and
apparatus which will make it possible to avoid the problems of
undesirable stretching, rolling and rippling of the midsole
component when the outsole material is pressed against the
midsole.
Also, it is an object of the invention to provide an article of
footwear of the aforesaid class which has a clean, sharply-defined
junction between the outsole and the surrounding foxing.
Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide an article
of footwear in which a midsole-foxing component is capable of
protecting an outsole component, particularly at the periphery
thereof, while at the same time excellent traction can be achieved
with the rubber outsole component.
In addition, it is an object of the invention, to provide an
article of footwear which will protect against bruising when stones
or pebbles are stepped on.
According to the invention rubber of given modulus is injected in a
precisely measured quantity into a heated mold cavity which has a
volume substantially greater than the volume of the injected
quantity of rubber, and this injected rubber is received on a sole
plate which, after the injection, is advanced toward a lasted upper
to spread the injected rubber against the upper to form a midsole
which, through the application of heat to the mold, is vulcanized
to the upper. The configuration of the mold is such that
simultaneously with forming of the midsole a foxing is formed
integrally with the midsole so as to have lip-shaped peripheral
sections projecting upwardly and downwardly from the midsole.
The sole plate is retracted and rubber of lower modulus than said
given modulus is then injected in a precisely measured quantity
which is also substantially less than the volume of the cavity into
which it is injected. After this second injection the sole plate is
again advanced toward the lasted upper so as to spread the lower
modulus rubber against the higher modulus rubber midsole surrounded
by the foxing, so as to achieve in this way an outsole component
surrounded by and pressing against the foxing. The sole plate is
retracted after the first injection when the rubber of the first
injection has set sufficiently to provide a clean retraction of the
sole plate without any sticking of the first-injected material
thereto, but before the first injected rubber has become fully
cured, so that when the second-injected rubber is pressed against
the first injected rubber in the heated mold it will become
vulcanized thereto.
Because the second-injected rubber which forms the outsole is of a
lower modulus than the first-injected rubber, this first-injected
rubber is stiffer than the second-injected rubber and it is not
possible for the second-injected rubber to cause undesirable
stretching, rolling, or other displacement of the first-injected
rubber. The outsole is thus vulcanized to the midsole-foxing
component without any rippling or other undesirable conditions
existing between the outsole and the midsole.
In the apparatus of the invention, the mold is defined by a pair of
mold rings which surround the mold cavity and which have an inner
surface extending upwardly to an elevation somewhat higher than the
upper edge of the final foxing, while the sole plate is provided
along its upper edge with a downwardly and outwardly slanted
peripheral recessed side surface terminating in a peripheral
transverse shoulder defining a recess into which the foxing
extends. This recess of the sole plate thus determines the
configuration of the inner surface of the foxing which surrounds
and engages the outsole component as well as the extent to which
the foxing extends downwardly beyond the bottom surface of the
midsole after the first injection.
With this construction and method it has been found that there is
no intermixing of the outsole material with the foxing at the
outsole-foxing junction. Any intermixing which does occur, using
the process of the present invention, is restricted to the
lowermost portion of the downwardly depending foxing material and
is therefore located below the plane at which trimming takes place.
There is thus provided a clean, sharply-defined junction line
between the outsole and the foxing, so that it is possible to
provide a two-color rubber sole structure in a highly efficient
manner with the method and apparatus of the invention. In addition,
because the outsole is surrounded by foxing of a higher modulus,
the outsole is protected by the foxing. The softer outsole material
provides a better traction for the footwear, and at the same time
the harder or stiffer midsole material protects the foot against
bruising when stepping upon stones, pebbles or the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying
drawings which form part of this application and in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the method and apparatus
for making articles of footwear according to the present invention,
the apparatus being shown in FIG. 1 at a time just prior to the
first injection;
FIG. 2 shows the mold structure of FIG. 1, and components
associated therewith, at the end of the first injection;
FIG. 3 is a partly sectional plan view taken along line 3--3 of
FIG. 2 in the direction of the arrows and showing the interior of
the mold with the first-injected rubber resting on the sole
plate;
FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional elevation taken along line 4--4 of
FIG. 3 in the direction of the arrows and showing the arrangement
of the injection ports of the mold;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the structure of FIG. 2
subsequent to the first injection after the sole plate has been
advanced toward the lasted upper to spread the midsole-foxing
component rubber against the upper;
FIG. 6 schematically represents the position which the parts take
at that stage of the method where the second injection takes place,
FIG. 6 showing the method and apparatus at the end of the second
injection;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the position which the
parts take subsequent to that stage of the method which is
illustrated in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 showing how the outsole component is
vulcanized to the midsole-foxing component;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectional elevation, on an enlarged scale,
as compared to FIG. 7, taken in a vertical plane through the heel
region of the mold where the injection ports are located and
showing in detail the condition of the injected material and the
resultant sole components as well as features of the apparatus of
the invention; and
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a rotary turntable and a
pair of injection guns used in the manufacture of the footwear of
the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, the mold 10 of the invention
includes a pair of side rings 12 (FIG. 3) which can be moved in a
known way toward and away from each other. The rings 12 are shown
in FIG. 3 in their closed position where they engage each other to
surround the mold cavity. As is apparent from FIG. 4, the side
rings 12 are formed at the heel region of the mold cavity with
elongated channels having tapered outer ends and a rectangular
configuration in cross section so that when the rings 12 have the
closed position shown in FIG. 3 and 4, the channels of the rings
will come together to form a pair of injection ports 14 and 16
which are of rectangular cross section, being longer in the
vertical direction than in the horizontal direction, while having
conically shaped flaring ends to receive the conically shaped
nozzle of the injection gun, as explained further below. The rings
12 are also formed next to their upper surfaces with internal
peripheral grooves, so that when the rings 12 are in the closed
position shown in the drawings, these internal peripheral grooves
form an endless inner groove 18 of arcuate cross section to
determine the exterior configuration of the upper portions of the
foxing. The inner side surface 20 of the mold, defined by the
closed rings 12 extends straight up to the lower edge of the groove
18 without any interruption, except for the injection ports 14 and
16.
A lasted upper 22 is introduced into the upper end of the mold
cavity to close the mold cavity with the material of the upper,
such as canvas, engaging the upper edge of the groove 18 of the
inner periphery of the closed mold rings 12. In this way the top of
the mold is closed by the lasted upper 22.
The mold further includes a sole plate 24 slidable along the inner
side surface 20, formed by the closed side rings 12, toward and
away from the lasted upper 22. The sole plate 24 has an upper
surface 26 (FIG. 1) directed toward the lasted upper 22. Along its
top edge the sole plate 24 is formed with a peripheral recessed
side surface 28 having the downwardly and outwardly slanted
configuration terminating in a peripheral transverse shoulder 28a,
as shown most clearly in FIG. 8. In this way, the surface 28 and
shoulder 28a define together with the inner side surface 20 of the
mold cavity a rcess surrounding the top edge of the sole plate
24.
The sole plate 24 is advanced upwardly and retracted downwardly by
any well known structure such as the pneumatic assembly 30
illustrated in FIG. 1. This assembly 30 includes a cylinder 32 in
which a piston 34 reciprocates, this piston being fixed to a piston
rod 36 which in turn is fixed to the underside of the sole plate
24. A known valve assembly 38 is provided for introducing air under
pressure to the top side of the piston 34 for retracting the sole
plate while air at the under side of the piston 34 can escape
through a lower known valve 40. On the other hand, air under
pressure can be introduced through the valve 40 while air escapes
through the valve 38 in order to advance the sole plate 24 upwardly
toward the lasted upper 22. The valves 38 and 40 can be actuated as
by way of switch structure 42 tripped by cam 44 (FIG. 1) carried by
the barrel 46 of an injection gun assembly 48. Thus, for example
during retraction of the barrel 46 from the mold 10 after the first
injection, the switch 42 will be tripped to cause the sole plate 24
to rise, in a manner described in greater detail below.
the gun 48 has a conical discharge nozzle 50 capable of being
received in the outer conical end of the injection port 14 for
injecting the extrudate into the mold cavity, and the gun 48 can
have any known construction according to which material supplied to
the hopper 52 is placed in a flowable condition under pressure so
as to be injected into the mold cavity in the form of a ribbon of
preferably rectangular cross section issuing from the port 14. The
pressure with which the extrudate is injected is of substantial
magnitude as required for rubber.
The apparatus further includes a second gun 54 shown fragmentarily
in FIGS. 6 and 7 and used to inject a second quantity of rubber,
the nozzle 56 of the second gun being situated at the elevation of
the lower injection port 16. This second gun 54 may be identical
with the gun 48 shown in the FIG. 1.
The material which is injected by the first gun 48 is a higher
modulus rubber whereas as the material injected by the second gun
54 is a lower modulus rubber. As is well known to those skilled in
the art, the modulus of the rubber is a measure of the elasticity
thereof. For example, rubber which has a modulus of 325 at 300
percent requires a force of 325 lbs. per square inch of cross
section to stretch a 1 inch length of the rubber to a length of 3
inches. Thus, the force required to stretch a given length of the
rubber derived from the gun 48 through a given increment is greater
than the force required to stretch the same length of rubber
derived from the gun 54 through the same increment, so that the
higher modulus rubber injected by the gun 48 is stiffer than the
lower modulus rubber injected by the gun 54. The different rubber
materials respectively injected by the guns 48 and 54 may also have
different pigmentation. Thus, the rubber injected from the gun 48
may be white, while that injected from the gun 54 may be tan.
The various portions of the mold are heated by any conventional
means such as for example by electrical heating elements 71 (FIG.2)
to temperatures required for vulcanizing the rubber materials
injected into the mold. As is well known by those skilled in the
art temperatures approximately in the range of
200.degree.-500.degree. F. are required. The most suitable
temperature within such range depending upon the length of dwell in
the mold, the specific polymers used, and the curing or vulcanizing
systems employed.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the parts will initially have the position
shown in FIG. 1 where the sole plate 24 is retracted to its
lowermost elevation shown in FIG. 1 and the mold rings 12 are
closed with the upper opening of the mold closed by the lasted
upper 22. With the parts in the position of FIG. 1 and with the
injection port 14 axially aligned with the nozzle 50, the barrel 46
of the gun 48 is advanced into the outer end of the port 14, and in
a well known manner a predetermined, precisely measured quantity of
rubber is injected through the port 14 into the cavity defined by
the mold rings, the lasted upper, and the sole plate.
As may be seen from FIG. 2, which shows the parts at the end of the
injection of a ribbon of the higher modulus rubber 58, the ribbon
of rubber has a substantially rectangular cross section. The force
with which the rubber is injected is sufficiently great so that the
rubber ribbon will be projected all the way from the heel region,
where the injection port 14 is located, to the opposed toe region
of the mold cavity, and then as the ribbon or rubber continues to
flow into the mold cavity it will be deposited on the horizontal
upper surface 26 of the sole plate 24 in the form of a generally
sinusoidally shaped ribbon as indicated in FIG. 3.
The retracting movement of the barrel 46 trips the switch 42 so
that the valve 40 is actuated to introduce air under pressure while
the air escapes through the valve 38, and thus the sole plate is
raised from the position of FIG. 2 into the position shown in FIG.
5. It is to be noted that the volume of rubber injected is
considerably less than the volume of the mold cavity, as is clearly
shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, the difficulties encountered in
injecting rubber into a cavity which remains constant and which is
required to be fully filled out by the injected rubber are avoided
with the method and apparatus of the invention.
The sole plate 24 is pushed upwardly to the upper elevation shown
in FIG. 5, and it will be noted that at this elevation the sole
plate itself closes the lower port 16 so that it is not possible
for any injected material to have access to the lower injection
port 16 which thus remains unclogged.
As was indicatd above, the rubber extrudate 58 is injected at a
substantial pressure so as to be projected in the form of a ribbon
all the way along the length of the mold to the toe region thereof
after which the rubber ribbon becomes deposited horizontally in the
manner shown in FIG. 3. To achieve this the rubber may, for
example, be injected at a hydraulic ram pressure on the order of
1,200 psi. The sole plate 24 is pressed upwardly to the position
shown in FIG. 5 with a pressure acting on the piston 34 which may
be on the order of 150 psi, where this piston has a diameter of
somewhat less than 8 inches. This force with which the sole plate
24 is urged upwardly toward the lasted upper 22 is sufficient to
spread the material 58 in the manner shown in FIG. 5 to form
midsole 60 and foxing 62 integral therewith. Because of the
relatively small cross-sectional area of injection port 14 the
rubber material remaining therein is rapidly vulcanized and
prevents the rising sole plate from pushing extrudate in the cavity
out through the port 14.
The configuration of the midsole 60 and integral foxing 62 is most
clearly apparent from FIG. 8. When the sole plate 24 is at the
elevation shown in FIG. 5, which is its upper elevation, the side
surface 28 will determine the configuration of the inner side
surface and the shoulder 28a will define the bottom edge of the
foxing lip 64 which projects downwardly from the midsole 60 at the
outer periphery thereof.
The time during which the heated sole plate 24 remains in
engagement with the extrudate 58, with the parts in the position
shown in FIG. 5, is not sufficient to provide full curing of the
rubber but at the same time is great enough so that when the sole
plate 24 is retracted to its lower elevation shown in FIGS. 1 and
2, the surface of the sole plate will cleanly separate from the
rubber midsole-foxing component without any tendency of the latter
to cling to the sole plate.
With the sole plate 24 again at its lower elevation as shown in
FIG. 6, the gun 54 is placed against the outer end of the lower
injection port 16 so as to inject a second ribbon this time of the
lower modulus rubber which is injected with a force sufficient to
cause the ribbon of rubber to project all the way across to the toe
of the mold cavity. The rubber ribbon is deposited on the surface
26 of sole plate 24 in the same generally sinusoidally shaped
ribbon form as was the case with the extrudate 58 shown in FIG. 3.
In this case also a precisely measured quantity of low modulus
rubber is introduced in a known way from the gun 54. The gun 54 is
retracted after a period of approximately one second subsequent to
the injection, and then the sole plate 24 is again raised. The cam
at the barrel of the gun 54 trips the switch 42, but at this time
the sole plate will rise to an intermediate elevation shown in FIG.
7 which is lower than but adjacent to the upper elevation. The sole
plate 24 is also shown at this intermediate elevation in FIG.
8.
Thus, the second extrudate 66, after being deposited in the
described manner on the sole plate as shown in FIG. 6, is spread by
the rising sole plate 24 against the midsole component 60 into the
area surrounded by the depending lip 64 of the foxing 62. It will
be noted that the extent to which the foxing lip 64 extends
downwardly from the midsole component 60 is greater than the
difference between the upper elevation of the sole plate 24 shown
in FIG. 5 and the intermediate elevation thereof as shown in FIG.
7, or, in other words, the thickness of the outsole component 68 is
less than the height or vertical dimension of the lip 64.
Furthermore, it will be noted from FIG. 8 that the sole plate 24,
when at its intermediate elevation to form the outsole component
68, has the shoulder 28a situated slightly above the region of the
top of the port 16 so that the material in the latter is cut off
from the outsole component 68. By virtue of the slanted peripheral
surface 28 of the sole plate 24 and the correspondingly slanted
inside face of the foxing lip 64, therefore, the outsole component
rubber, both during the injection thereof into the cavity and
during the subsequent compression by the rising sole plate, will
act to cam or press the foxing lip outwardly against the mold side
ring surface 20 so as to prevent any of the outsole rubber from
reaching and blemishing the outer surface of the foxing in the
region thereof closest to the midsole 60. When the outsole
component has cured, of course, the interface between the same and
the foxing lip 64 will be slanted in the same manner.
When the outsole component 68 has cured sufficiently to permit good
release of the sole plate 24 the latter is again retracted to its
lower elevation. The side rings 12 are separated from each other in
a known way so that the lasted upper with the sole structure of the
invention vulcanized thereto can be removed. The material which
sets within the port 16 is very simply removed therefrom, and the
material which sets within the port 14 is integral with and
projects from the rear end of the foxing 62. This projecting part
at the rear of the foxing can be cut therefrom, and the lip 64 is
trimmed at approximately the elevation of the exterior lower
surface of the outsole component 68. Trimming of the excess
material thus results in a smooth, continuous and sharply defined
junction line between, for example, an outsole 68 of tan
pigmentation and a white foxing 62.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention and as is
schematically indicated in FIg. 9, the articles of footwear can be
manufactured on a rotary turntable 70. The turntable 70 may, for
example, have ten stations uniformly distributed about its
periphery at angular distances of 36.degree. from each other with a
mold assembly and actuating structure, as shown in FIg. 1, situated
at each of these stations. The injection gun 48 is shown in FIG. 9
at station 1 while the second injection gun 54 is shown in FIG. 9
at station 5. A complete cycle, or in other words a complete
revolution of the turntable 70 requires three minutes or 180
seconds, and the time of dwell at each station is therefore 18
seconds. Thus, in a known way at intervals of 18 seconds the
turntable 70 is turned through 36.degree..
After the operations described above have been completed and the
structure has arrived at station 10, the mold rings are displaced
apart from each other, and the sole plate is retracted so that the
last 22 can be raised, turned over, and the shoe stripped
therefrom. Now a new upper is placed on the last, turned over and
lowered into position. The side rings 12 are closed, the sole plate
is in its lower, retracted position, and now the turntable
displaces this structure, corresponding to that illustrated in FIG.
1, to station 1 where the gun 48 is situated.
The barrel of the gun advances to the upper injection port 14 in a
period of 1 second, it remains at the injection port for 1 second,
injects the higher modulus material for a period of 3 seconds,
remains at the upper injection port for 1 second, and is then
retracted in 1 second, so that this complete operation of injection
requires 7 seconds. As was indicated above the material may be
injected at a pressure on the order of 1,200 psi. Immediately upon
completion of the injection, during retraction of the gun barrel,
the sole plate is raised to the position indicated in the FIG. 5
and remains in this position until this structure approaches
station 5. The action of the pneumatic assembly 30 on the sole
plate 24 to advance the latter upwardly is such as to move the sole
plate rapidly toward the last 22 until the extrudate on the sole
plate contacts the lasted upper and then to move the sole plate at
a relatively slower rate while the latter presses the extrudate
against the lasted upper. As each new mold assembly advances from
station 10 to station 1, the above operations are repeated at
stations 10 and 1.
it will be noted from FIG. 9 that after four increments of turning
through 36.degree. with the dwells of 18 seconds between station 1
and 5, 72 seconds will have elapsed. From this period of 72 seconds
the initial 7 seconds connected with operation of gun 48 will be
subtracted, to provide a cure time of 65 seconds for the higher
modulus rubber which is first injected to form the midsole-foxing
component.
As the mold approaches station 5 a can (not shown) trips the switch
42 so as to retract the sole plate 24 to its lower elevation at
which it is situated upon arrival at station 5, and now the above
operations described in connection with the first gun 48 are
repeated with the second gun 54 at station 5, so that at the latter
station the injection of the second color extrudate, i.e., of the
lower modulus rubber, also requires 7 seconds.
When the barrel of the second gun 54 is retracted the switch which
controls the movement of the sole plate is again tripped so that
the sole plate is raised into the position indicated in FIG. 7, and
now the assembly remains in this position through all of the
several stations 6-9 until the station 10 is reached, where the
operations described above in connection with removal of the work
at the station 10 take place. In advancing from station 5 to
station 10, there are five increments of turning of 36.degree. each
with dwell periods of 18 seconds in between, so that the total time
required for the work to reach station 10 after leaving station 5
is 90 seconds, from which the 7 seconds required for operation of
the second gun are subtracted to provide a curing time for the
second extrudate of 83 seconds.
Thus, with this construction it is possible for an operator at
station 10 to remove a shoe having the structure indicated in FIG.
8 every 18 seconds so that the shoe can be further processed by
having the foxing trimmed at the elevation of the exterior surface
of outsole 68 and by having the material previously located in
injection port 14 removed. Of course, within this period of 18
seconds a new lasted upper is introduced into the space which is
surrounded by the side rings after the latter are closed.
It will be noted that with the method and apparatus of the
invention, to provide the above-described article of the invention,
the first gun is retracted away from the mold in such a short time
that it is not possible for heat from the mold to vulcanize any of
the rubber compound at the gun nozzle itself. On the other hand,
the rubber material located in each of the injection ports is, in
view of the relatively small cross-sectional size of these ports
vulcanized at a sufficiently rapid rate which prevents any of the
stock which is compressed by the sole plate from being extruded out
through the port. It is to be noted that at station 5 the gun
barrel is retracted within a period of one second after injection
of the extrudate so as to prevent curing of rubber in the tip of
the gun.
The vertical depth of the shoulder surface 28 is preferably on the
order of 25-30 percent greater than the thickness of the outsole
component 68.
Of course, the external dimensions of the mold rings 12 are
constant so that they will fit the machine which moves them toward
and away from each other. Therefore, when making relatively small
shoes which require smaller cavities the horizontal wall thickness
of the mold rings increases, thereby lengthening the injection
ports. the increased length of these ports will normally require
the cross-sectional area of the ports to be altered accordingly so
that the leading end of the ribbon extrudate will travel the
required distance, without any impediment, toward the opposed toe
region of the mold. Because of the particular configuration of the
mold. Because of the particular configuration of the mold and the
presence of the lasted upper in its proper position at the upper
end of the mold cavity, the upper injection port 14 may be slightly
inclined in a direction leading downwardly into the mold cavity
while the lower injection port 16 is horizontal.
As best shown in FIG. 8, although the sole plate with the slanted
surface 28 and shoulder 28a defines with the mold rings the recess
for forming the foxing lip 64, the inner side surface 20 of the
mold rings extends vertically all the way up to the bottom edge of
the groove 18. It is this construction which enables the lip 64 of
foxing 62 to be formed in such a way that when the outsole
component 68 is formed it will not intermix with the lip 64 nor
with any flash which may have been formed during the forming of the
foxing 62. A sharp clear line of demarcation is provided between
the two-color rubber sole components. The trimming is easily
carried out with a clean cutting away of the excess material being
easily achieved. To facilitate the foregoing the surface 28 may
have a slight draft of the order of 2.degree.. Moreover, the
surrounding of the lower modulus outsole component 68 by the foxing
protects the softer outsole component while at the same time the
stiffer component 60 protects the foot against bruising if the
outsole component should engage pebbles, stones, or the like. In
addition, the use of a lower modulus outsole component 68 enables
the shoe of the invention to achieve a better traction.
By way of example, the rubber materials used for the midsole-foxing
component and for the outsole component may be as follows:
Parts by Weight
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A B C D Synpol 8140 (SBR-Styrene Butadiene copolymer rubber) 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 Hydrated Silica (Hi-Sil 215) 34.0 30.0 34.0 44.0
Hydrated Sodium Silico Aluminate (Zeolex 23) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Par
Oil i.e. (Paraffin Oil) 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 Hydrocarbon Resin
(BJ-10 Resin) 40.0 -- -- -- Polyethylene Glycol Mole Wt. 4000
(Carbowax 4000) 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4,4'-Thio-bis (6-T-butyl-3-methyl
Phenol (Santowhite crystals) .25 .25 .25 .25 Paraffin Wax (Ross
Wax) .30 .30 .30 .30 Zinc dimethyl di thio carbamate (Methazate)
.87 1.12 1.12 1.12 n-t-Butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (Delac NS)
-- 1.08 1.08 1.08 Benzo thiazyl disulfide (MBTS) 1.08 -- -- --
Dipentamethylenethiuram Tetrasulfide (Tetrone A) .30 .30 .30 .30
Zinc Oxide 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Sulfur (Crystex) 2.94 2.94 2.94 2.94
Modulus at 300% Elongation Pounds/ square-inch ASTM D-412-66 225
255 325 430
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Experience has shown that the modulus of the first-injected rubber
should be at least 100 lbs. per square inch at 300 percent
elongation greater than the modulus of the second-injected
material. This modulus differential will prevent creeping and
wrinkling of the midsole by the outsole. Thus, if composition D of
the above table is used for the midsole, then any of the other
compositions A, B, or C can be used for the outsole since the
modulus 430 is more than 100 greater than the modulus of any of the
other compositions. Also, it is possible to use compound C as a
midsole together with the compound A as the outsole, since in this
case also there is a sufficiently great modulus differential.
However, compound B would be unsuited as a midsole for use with
compound A as an outsole, and compound C would not be suited for
use with compound B as an outsole because in each of these cases
the modulus differential is less than 100. Under ideal conditions
the midsole has the highest possible modulus and the outsole has
the lowest possible modulus. However, as the modulus increases the
flow index decreases, so that a balance or compromise of the
desirable characteristics must be provided. The modulus of the
compounds can be changed in various ways, as, by changing
accelerators, by incorporating suitable resins, and by
incorporating suitable fillers. Thus, the Hi-Sil filler of the
above table will increase the modulus, while the BJ-10 Resin will
reduce the modulus.
It will be understood that while in the above example an SBR
composition has been chosen to illustrate the article of the
present invention and the method and apparatus used to make the
same, chloroprene elastomer based compounds as well as compounds
based on butyl rubber, EPDM, natural rubber, and other compounds
similar to the foregoing can be used as well.
Similarly, the outsole-component and the midsole foxing component
may each be of a different one of the afore listed or similar
compositions.
It will further be understood that as a result of the method and
apparatus of the present invention any flash 80, i.e., first
injected rubber material which may find its way between the inner
mold surface 20 and the outer peripheral surface of sole plate 24
during forming of the lip 64 of foxing 62, will be pressed
outwardly against the mold surface 20 by the second injected rubber
when the latter is pressed against the midsole-foxing component.
Thus, any such flash of first injected material will not be in a
position both as a result of its location and of such outward
pressing, to intermix with the second injected material anywhere in
the region of the ultimate trim line.
* * * * *