U.S. patent number 3,853,042 [Application Number 05/409,499] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-10 for vent cover.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army. Invention is credited to Wayne Tobiasson.
United States Patent |
3,853,042 |
Tobiasson |
December 10, 1974 |
VENT COVER
Abstract
A vent cover for prevention of infiltration of particulate
matter into a t, which is particularly useful for eliminating snow
infiltration in cold regions. The vent cover is an airfoil in the
form of a plano-convex lens having a diameter larger than that of
the vent pipe on which it rests. Air flowing over the convex upper
surface of the vent cover increases in velocity and thereby tends
to hold any particulate matter in suspension as it passes over an
opening centered at the crown of the vent cover. The vent cover is
omni-directional in its effect. The increase in velocity of air
flowing over the opening also creates an upward draft in the vent.
The combination of upward draft and high velocity air flow across
the upper surface of the vent cover prevents particulate matter
from entering and accumulating in the vent.
Inventors: |
Tobiasson; Wayne (Etna,
NH) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Army (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
23620759 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/409,499 |
Filed: |
October 25, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
454/3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
7/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
7/02 (20060101); F24f 007/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;98/66,78,79 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
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|
|
409,960 |
|
Mar 1945 |
|
IT |
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567,183 |
|
May 1958 |
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BE |
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Primary Examiner: Dority, Jr.; Carroll B.
Assistant Examiner: Ferguson; Peter D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stevens, III; Eugene E. Labadini;
Lawrence E. Rainey; Charles C.
Claims
I claim:
1. In combination, a hollow vent pipe defining an air vent, and
means for preventing the accumulation of particulate matter within
said air vent, said means comprising a vent cover mounted on top of
said vent pipe, said vent cover being substantially circular in its
horizontal plane and having a diameter from about 1.5 to about 2.0
times that of said vent pipe, said vent cover being of a generally
plano-convex form, the lower surface of said vent cover being
generally planar, the upper surface of said vent cover being
convex, said vent cover having a generally cylindrically shaped
opening of lesser diameter than the inside diameter of said vent
pipe passing vertically from said lower surface to said upper
surface of said vent cover substantially through the center of said
vent cover through which air is conducted upwardly from said vent,
said vent cover being adapted to increase the velocity of air
flowing above the upper surface of said vent cover regardless of
the direction of the compass from which wind blows against the edge
of said vent cover and to cause the production of a lower pressure
than the atmospheric pressure in the region just above the upper
surface of said vent cover, whereby particulate matter falling or
being transported by wind or being carried upwardly by eddies of
air in the vicinity of said vent pipe, vent and vent cover is
prevented from accumulating within said vent.
2. The combination according to claim 1, wherein said cylindrically
shaped opening has a diameter from about one-third to about
one-half the diameter of said vent.
3. The combination according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface
of said vent cover is convex upward so that the centerline height
of said vent cover is from about 10 percent to about 15 percent of
the diameter of said vent cover.
4. The combination according to claim 2, wherein the upper surface
of said vent cover is convex upward so that the centerline height
of said vent cover is from about 10 percent to about 15 percent of
the diameter of said vent cover.
Description
The invention described herein may be manufactured, used, and
licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without
the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a vent cover for use in conjunction with
a vent to prevent or minimize the accumulation of particulate
matter, such as snow, in the vent without interfering with
ventilation.
In cold regions, such as the DEW Line Ice Cap Stations in
Greenland, certain activities, such as waste water disposal, may be
carried out below the surface in tunnels. Such space requires
venting to remove stale or contaminated air while fresh air is
being brought in to replace the vented air. Some of the vents are 3
to 4 feet in diameter. In the past, such vents have simply
terminated as an open pipe above ground and have repeatedly become
plugged with snow during storms. Such plugs have become 10 feet or
more in length over the course of a single winter. Attempts to
prevent snow infiltration using rotating blades, directional
cowlings, or other mechanical devices are frequently unsuccessful.
Expensive electrical equipment, such as fans and resistance
heaters, may be impractical and of questionable reliability.
It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide a reliable
means for simply and inexpensively preventing the infiltration of
particulate matter into vents.
A further and more particular object of the invention is to provide
a means for preventing the infiltration of snow into vents
connected to underground space, especially in cold regions.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following
description of several embodiments of the invention, and the novel
features will be particularly pointed out hereinafter in connection
with the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a vent cover which is disposed above or
mounted on top of the open end of a vent pipe connecting with a
space from which air is vented to the external atmosphere. The vent
cover is in the form of a plano-convex lens, the plane surface
being the lower surface and being generally horizontally disposed,
the convex surface being the upper surface. It has a
cylindrically-shaped opening passing vertically through its center,
the diameter of the opening being from about one-third to about
one-half that of the vent. The overall diameter of the vent cover
is from about 1.5 to about 2.0 times that of the vent pipe, and
consequently the vent cover overhangs the outer edge of the vent
pipe. When a wind is blowing from any direction, this configuration
increases the velocity of air flowing across the opening in the
vent cover. As a result of the velocity increase above the opening,
any particulate matter in the air is held in suspension there and
thus is prevented from accumulating in the vent. The flow of air
over the vent cover also produces a pressure reduction in the
region just above the convex upper surface of the vent cover. This
lowered pressure is transmitted into the vent thereby enhancing the
ventilating capabilities of the vent. The overhang of the vent
cover over the vent pipe serves the important purpose of minimizing
the adverse effects of an eddy on the leeward side of the opening.
Snow or other particles swirling about in such an eddy would be
carried inside a vent without the overhang. Thus, accumulation of
snow or other particulate matter in the vent is essentially
prevented and the vent may be used for an indefinite period of time
without becoming plugged with such particulate matter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the vent cover of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-section of the vent cover of FIG. 1
taken through the plane represented by line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a modified form of a vent cover of the
invention wherein the central cylindrically shaped opening in the
vent cover is shielded by a generally circular flat plate somewhat
larger in diameter than the opening and adapted to be adjustably
positioned at variable heights above the opening in the vent cover;
and
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-section of the modified form of vent
cover of FIG. 3 taken through the plane represented by line 4--4 in
FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the
invention will be in relation to the prevention of accumulation of
snow inside of a vent; but it will be understood that the same
principles will apply to the prevention of accumulation of other
particulate matter inside of a vent.
Referring to the drawing, wherein like characters designate like
parts in all views, 10 designates a vent cover, in accordance with
the invention, which is in the form of a plano-convex lens, as
shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The vent cover has a cylindrically-shaped
opening 11 passing vertically through its center, forming a
passageway for the flow of air through the vent cover from vent 12.
Vent 12 is the space confined by vent pipe 13, which is usually
cylindrically shaped and connects with the space to be ventilated,
not shown. The ground through which the vent pipe passes is
represented by numeral 14, although the vent pipe may pass through
other media if desired. The overall diameter of the vent cover is
greater than the overall diameter of vent pipe 13, providing an
overhanging portion 15 of the vent cover overhanging the outer
surface 16 of the vent pipe. The diameter of the vent cover is from
about 1.5 to about 2.0 times that of the vent pipe. The upper
surface 20 of the vent cover is convex upward, which causes the
vent cover to function as an airfoil when a wind is blowing toward
the vent cover from any direction. Thus, as air flow lines 17 are
deflected up and over the vent cover, as shown in FIG. 2, their
velocity increases. The increased air flow velocity across the
convex upper surface of the vent cover with even the slightest
breeze blowing prevents snow from collecting within the vent since
the snow is held in suspension as it passes over the opening in the
vent cover. The vent cover is disposed in a fixed relationship to
the vent pipe above the same and preferably is fastened to the top
of the vent pipe by fastening means such as clip angles 18. It is
preferred that the lower surface 19 of the vent cover be
substantially flat.
The overhanging portion 15 acts as a baffle against the upward
swirling of snow caused by eddies created on the leeward side of
the vent pipe, further minimizing the chances of snow getting into
the vent.
It is preferred that the diameter of opening 11 be from about
one-third to about one-half the diameter of the vent, i.e.,
one-third to one-half the inside diameter of the vent pipe.
It is preferred that the centerline height of the vent cover be
from about 10 percent to about 15 percent of the diameter of the
vent cover.
FIGS. 3 and 4 represent a modified form of vent cover which is
particularly useful in areas where much of the snowfall is not
accompanied by an appreciable amount of wind. This modification
comprises a flat, generally circularly-shaped plate 21 mounted on
the upper end of shaft 22. Shaft 22 is adjustably mounted to slide
up or down through bracket 23, which is attached to the inside wall
of the vent pipe, and to be clamped in position thereby with plate
21 adjusted to any desired level with respect to vent cover 10 and
opening 11 therein. Plate 21 is disposed above the vent cover and
substantially parallel to the lower surface of the vent cover, has
a diameter from about 30 percent to about 60 percent greater than
the diameter of opening 11 in the vent cover, and has its axis
substantially coaxial with the axis of vent cover 10 and opening 11
so that snow falling in a quiescent atmosphere will not collect
within vent 12, but rather will collect on plate 21 and on the
upper surface of the vent cover. Either subsequent winds will
remove this snow or it will melt, drip onto the upper surface of
the vent cover, and drain to the peripheral edge of the vent
cover.
The materials of which the vent cover of the invention is
constructed may vary considerably. For example, the vent cover may
comprise a metallic skin forming the upper and lower surfaces
thereof as well as the walls of the opening 11; and the space
between the several portions of the skin may contain a wide variety
of supporting and filling materials, including plastic materials,
either expanded or not as desired, wood, cork, and other similar
materials for the purpose. The vent cover could be molded in one
piece from plastic or other material capable of withstanding
temperatures to which it would be likely to be exposed without
shattering or cracking.
The vent cover of the invention has the advantage of being
omnidirectional in its action and is useful for minimizing snow
infiltration into vent shafts employed in the ventilation of spaces
in cold regions. However, it could also serve to control
particulate matter other than snow flowing in either liquids or
gases.
It will be understood that various changes in the details,
materials, and arrangements of parts, which have been herein
described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the
invention, may be made by those skilled in the art, within the
principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended
claims.
* * * * *