U.S. patent number 3,852,910 [Application Number 05/246,238] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-10 for aerial toy.
Invention is credited to Robert A. Everett.
United States Patent |
3,852,910 |
Everett |
December 10, 1974 |
AERIAL TOY
Abstract
The disclosure is of a hollow unitary body, which has a series
of airfoils joined together and extending from the center of the
body to form a unitary composite airfoil. The airfoils are
encompassed by a safety ring. Each of the airfoils have a negative
dihedral design, which includes lift spoilers on their top surface.
At the peripherical tips of these said airfoils are weights. Along
the trailing edge of said airfoils are wing flaps and in profile
the composite airfoil is shown as having a substantially flat
bottom.
Inventors: |
Everett; Robert A. (Tulsa,
OK) |
Family
ID: |
22929859 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/246,238 |
Filed: |
April 21, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
446/46;
473/588 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63H
33/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63H
33/00 (20060101); A63H 33/18 (20060101); A63h
027/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;46/74R,74D
;273/16R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mancene; Louis G.
Assistant Examiner: Cutting; Robert F.
Claims
The invention I have described and what is claimed is:
1. A propelled aerial toy comprising a unitary body having an upper
and lower surface, the upper surface comprising a plurality of
radially extending and downwardly inclined dihedral airfoils, the
airfoils extending at angular intervals and radiating from the
center of the upper surface, the lower surface being substantially
flat and sealed to the upper surface at the perimeter of the body,
with a wing flap attached to the trailing edge of at least one of
the airfoils.
2. The body of claim 1, including weights mounted at the outer edge
of at least one of the airfoils.
3. The body of claim 2, with an open pocket in the outer edge of at
least one of the airfoils to receive one of the weights.
4. The body of claim 3, including a cover over the open pocket in
the outer edge of at least one of said airfoil.
5. The body of claim 1, and at least one lift spoiler mounted on
the upper surface of at least one of the dihedral airfoils.
6. The body of claim 1, in which a circular ring is mounted at the
outer edge of the airfoils.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to bodies with airfoil configurations
adapted to be launched into flight by hand. More specifically, the
invention relates to bodies which are sustained in flight by
aerodynamic and gyroscopic principles brought into play by the
bodies being spun and propelled along a line of flight.
2. Description of the Prior Art
My U.S. Pat. No. 3,613,295 describes an invention related to the
field of this invention. Continued experience with the invention of
my patent has forced me to recognize problems which I have met with
this invention.
The extended negative dihedral airfoils of the body in which the
invention of my patent is embodied, require protection from solid
articles encountered along a flight path. Additionally, the
airfoils require some additional strength when they are extended a
certain extent.
Representative of the prior art, the disclosure of my patent
utilizes weight attached to the tips of the airfoils. These weights
create a centrifugal force which gives stability and sustains the
body in flight. The polar moment of inertia force, creates its own
gyroscopic characteristics. This weight is fixed and no provisions
are made to allow for a variable distribution or the addition of
extra weight. It is very desirable to vary the weight, because
different wind conditions and different size persons will be
launching this device; a woman may wish to throw a light weight
model and taking advantage of the wind currents, whereas a man
would desire a heavier model and take advantage of his strength in
order to gain more velocity by the use of his sinews, to produce a
long flight, instead of depending upon the fickle wind currents.
Also the lift to weight ratio must be considered in making this
variable adjustment, which can only be determined by trial and
error.
Sealed to the top surface of my patent is a substantially flat
bottom, that adds rigidity and gives the hollow body, buoyancy. But
this nearly flat bottom has a tendancy to become slightly concaved,
which present experience has proved undesirable. Being nearly a
flat surface also allows for a better chance of digging into the
terrain upon landing, which is also undesirable.
Further, representative of the prior art, the body of my patent
disclosure has a negative dihedral design. However, this design of
airfoil produces such abundant lift during the first few feet of
flight that the body becomes unstable and flips over on its back
and then upright again and then it may repeat this maneuver over
again, and at the same time losing its lift ability. This of course
can become undesirable, because of the loss of the lift
capabilities when it makes this maneuver and because of the loss of
stability.
The extended airfoils that form a unitary body in my prior
invention have no provisions for making adjustments in their
configurations for the purpose of changing the flight
characteristics of their body, which will provide a nose up or nose
down attitude while in flight.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide protection and
support for the tips of the extended airfoils of their body. The
present invention provides circular ring structure at the tips of
the airfoils which will contact any solid structure along the
flight path, add support strength to the airfoils, prevent digging
of the body into the terrain and provide the alternate ability to
roll upon landing.
Another object of the invention is to provide adjustable weight at
the tips of the airfoils. The present invention provides pockets
with covers at the tips in which various weights can be retained.
This will allow the thrower to change the lift to weight ratio,
depending on his strength and amount of wind current at the time of
launching the device. This then becomes a science in aerodynamics,
and only by trial and error will the thrower find the correct
ratio, in a given number of variables to produce the best flight
possible.
Another object of the invention is to provide a bottom for the body
which will provide the most desirable flight characteristics and
yet allow for skipping from the landing area, rather than dig into
the terrain. The present invention provides a thin, but durable
bottom, because of the slightly convexed contour that will tend to
keep its shape to that of substantially flat.
Another object of my invention is to control the lift
characteristics of the extended airfoils of the body. The present
invention provides lift spoiler structure on the top surface of the
airfoils. These lift spoilers then will prevent the device from
making a "snap roll" maneuver and thereby giving the device a more
level, smoother and longer flight.
Another object is the addition of wing flaps to the trailing edge
of said extended airfoils and hinged, so they can be adjusted. With
the thrower being able to set the flaps before launching to give
the device a nose up or nose down attitude when in flight; thereby
giving the thrower a degree of control, in the attitude the device
will take in flight. It has also been found, by experience, that
the wind currents pushing against the back side of the flaps boost
the device along when it is in an attitude of flying with the wind
currents.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a unitary body embodying the
invention.
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the body of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3--3 FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the accompanying drawings, there is shown a hollow
body 15, made in two parts 10 and 13. This body 15 embodies a
plurality of radially extended negative dihedral airfoils 11
extending at angular intervals, radiating from a common center.
To describe the airfoils 11 more particularly, each airfoil 11 has
a negative dihedral design with a leading edge 12 faced in the
direction of the spin to produce its optimum lift characteristics.
These extended negative dihedral airfoils 11 when spinning, create
forces that gives a hovering type of flight characteristic to the
device.
Located at the very outer tips of each airfoil 11 are solid or
weighted portions 14. These weighted tips 14 create a centrifugal
force by the spin imparted when the device is thrown into the air.
These weighted tips 14 add stability and sustain the spinning
action.
The hollow pockets 19 are also located in the weighted tip section
14 of each airfoil 11 for the purpose of allowing more weight to be
added or removed as desired. The added weight, such as lead shot or
pellets may be kept from falling out by a cover 20 which seals the
weights inside.
These extended negative dihedral airfoils 11 contain on their top
surface lift spoilers 16 hinged 17 on the side of the leading edge
12 of the airfoils 11. They are located on the top surface of the
airfoils 11 in a manner that will allow them to set in a recess 18
and will become flush with the rest of the top surface. These
spoilers 16, function by lifting into the airstream, due to low
pressure created in this area. So when too much lift is created the
spoiler 16 will lift up and destroy some of the lift and then fall
back into its recess 18. This action will prevent the device from
rolling over on its back. By spoiler, I mean to define a plate,
series of plates, comb, tube, bar or other device that projects
into the airstream about a body to break up or spoil the smoothness
of the flow, especially such a device that projects from the upper
surface of an airfoil, giving an increased drag and decreased lift.
Spoilers are normally movable, and consist of two basic types: the
flap type spoiler, which is hinged along one edge and lies flush
with the airfoil or body when not in use, and retractable spoiler,
which retracts edgewise into the body. This term and definition is
found in at least NASA Aeronautical Dictionary by Frank Davis Adams
1959 page 158.
Also located at the outer tips of each extended airfoil 11, is a
ring 21 encircling the entire body 15: which has the function as a
safety device against obstacles in its flight path and adds
strength and support to the extended airfoils 11. This ring 21 also
helps keep the device from digging into the terrain and adds to the
ability of the body 15 to roll when landing, should it land on its
edge.
Along the trailing edge of the extending airfoils 11, are located
adjustable wing flaps 22. These are adjusted manually to the
desired angle before the device is launched and will remain so
during the flight. These flaps 22, give the device an upward or
downward direction only, plus any added reaction that may result
from the wind currents, can give it an unpredictable flight
pattern.
The bottom 13 is slightly convexed and sealed to the top section 10
at the edge of their perimeter, forming a unitary hollow and
buoyant body 15. This body 15 as shown in the elevation view in
FIG. 2, the radially extended negative dihedral airfoils 11 seen as
comprising one large configuration of an airfoil 15 FIG. 2, which
creates its own aerodynamic lift characteristics when in
flight.
The radial extended airfoils 11 make a very convenient structure to
grasp by the hand when throwing said device into the air. In fact,
it is highly suited for a hand hold and allows for a sure and
positive grip. The body 15 is held approximately parallel to the
ground and in a side to three quarter arm motion, it is thrown into
the air at a slightly inclined angle and preferrably into the wind
at a slight angle. When released, an automatic snap to the wrist
imparts the spin action and the forward flying motion. The more
force and spin imparted to the device, the more likely of longer
flight, depending on the angle of attack, wind velocity, weight
distribution etc. It will take off in a gradual upward and forward
manner. In approximately the first 75 feet of flight, the device
which contains most of the surging spin and force in this distance;
the coaction of aerodynamic and gyroscopic forces will create so
much lifting force in this space of the flight that the lift forces
become unbalanced and the device will attempt to make a snap roll,
but with the lift spoilers 16 installed on the airfoils top
surface, will come into use automatically and destroy some of this
lift. With the spoilers 16 being adjustable, because of the type of
hinge 17 or other closing mechanism, the spoilers 16a will open
easily or hard, depending on the desire of the thrower and then fly
on a normal flight path. This normal flight path may be one in
which it reaches a point where it will hover until the spinning and
lift forces are lost, the device will then break downward to the
left or right or back down to the approximate point of launch. If
thrown at an oblique angle to the wind, it will do the same as
before mentioned, but it will not hover, but will continue on an
extended flight path.
The precise manner in which the air velocity, gravity, aerodynamic
and gyroscopic forces coact on the invention is rather complex.
However, it can be theorized, with some justification, that some
aspects of the interaction may be explained in the following
manner. When the device begins its initial trajectory in a
horizontal plane, the forces imparted to it create lift by the very
fact of its overall shape FIG. 2. And as the thrower releases the
device, it automatically is given a spin, which sets up another
lifting force; which is the lift produced by the spinning extended
airfoils 11. This spinning action also brings in a gyroscopic
action, that produces stability and sustains this spinning action
that, in turn sustains the lift action of the extended airfoils
11.
So, it can be said, or assumed, that the more force and spin
produced by a throwing motion, including the wrist action at the
release point, will produce the best flight. The wrist snap upon
release is similar to a ball player throwing a ball and
automatically snapping the wrist and imparting spin to the thrown
ball. Any man or boy having ambitions in the sports world that
involves throwing a ball of some kind, knows the advantage of
developing the wrist, forearm and shoulder. This is the exact area
of the body that this device uses, in unlimited quantities.
The bottom 13 of the invention, slightly convexed, eliminates much
of the drag in this area, and adds to the stability and rigidity
and gives the device buoyancy. So with a hollow buoyant body it
lends itself to its use over water, which is a very ideal area.
Flying space may be hard to come by, but any body of water is made
to order, plus the added feature of the good air currents found
there.
It is to be understood, of course, that the precise manner of the
interaction of the various forces involved will vary, depending on
the wind velocity, locomotion force used and the amount of force
imparted to the device etc. Also slight changes in such things as
the relative weight distribution etc., can be utilized to vary the
flight characteristics, without departing from the teachings of the
invention. Thus any discussion of the interaction must of
necessity, be replete with generalities.
This unitary type invention has embodied in it, several principles
that coact and produce flight and hovering characteristics, and as
applied to aircraft with the use of power means, will produce a
flying saucer type aircraft or space craft.
This invention can be applied to military arms, such as a hand
grenade; a grenade embodying this invention will greatly add to the
range of the grenade when thrown.
The toy aspect of this invention is that it can be put into flight
by throwing, mechanical means or by use of power at the tip ends of
the extended airfoils, such as jet power of some means at jet
openings facing away from the direction of its rotation.
This device readily lends itself to be molded from plastic, metal,
heavy ply card stock or other suitable material.
It is thought that the invention will be clearly understood from
the foregoing detailed description of the illustrated preferred
embodiment. Minor changes will suggest themselves and may be
resorted to, without departing from the spirit of the invention and
particularly that the figure may assume a variety of forms other
than that shown. Therefore it is my intention that no lmitations be
implied and that the hereto annexed claims be given a scope fully
commensurate with the broadest interpetation to which the employed
language admits.
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