U.S. patent number 3,852,875 [Application Number 05/321,128] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-10 for high speed tandem wire drawing and insulation system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Southwire Company. Invention is credited to Lee K. Brewton, Bobby C. Gentry, Kenneth Wayne McAmis.
United States Patent |
3,852,875 |
McAmis , et al. |
December 10, 1974 |
HIGH SPEED TANDEM WIRE DRAWING AND INSULATION SYSTEM
Abstract
This disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for producing
insulated wire from rod at speeds in excess of 2,500 feet per
minute in a continuous in-line tandem system. The rod is drawn down
into wire by combined drawing and annealing apparatus, and then
conveyed directly to an in-line extruder where it is covered with a
plastic coating. The coated wire is cooled in a three-stage system
including a cooling mist, a cooling spray, and a cooling bath.
Inventors: |
McAmis; Kenneth Wayne
(Carrollton, GA), Brewton; Lee K. (Carrollton, GA),
Gentry; Bobby C. (Temple, GA) |
Assignee: |
Southwire Company (Carrollton,
GA)
|
Family
ID: |
23249292 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/321,128 |
Filed: |
January 5, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
29/527.4; 29/33S;
29/33T; 29/825; 118/69; 427/120; 29/745; 72/46; 118/75;
427/177 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29C
48/919 (20190201); B29C 48/904 (20190201); B29C
48/918 (20190201); B29C 48/911 (20190201); B29C
48/15 (20190201); B29C 48/05 (20190201); B29C
48/9185 (20190201); B29C 48/06 (20190201); Y10T
29/5199 (20150115); Y10T 29/49986 (20150115); Y10T
29/49117 (20150115); Y10T 29/5198 (20150115); Y10T
29/532 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B29C
47/02 (20060101); B29C 47/88 (20060101); B44d
001/44 () |
Field of
Search: |
;29/23C,624,527.4
;204/183 ;148/31,31.5,32,11.5A
;117/128,128.4,128.7,132R,132A,115,62,66
;425/376,378,379,380,381,381.2,382,382.2,67,68,70,71
;118/67,68,69,109,75
;72/274,280,282,286,289,46,342,377,378,43,39,463,47
;264/104,255,165,174,176R,176F ;62/373,390,442,171,98 ;65/348
;156/47,48 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
"Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) -- A New Plasticizer For 60.degree.C
Rated PUC Wire Insulation," Insulation/Circuits, Vol. 17; No. 1;
Jan. 1971, pp. 34-37..
|
Primary Examiner: Lanham; C. W.
Assistant Examiner: Walkowski; Joseph A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hanegan; Herbert M. Wilks; Van
C.
Claims
It is claimed:
1. Apparatus for continuous high-speed drawing and insulating of
wire from rod comprising a rod supply means, means for drawing the
rod into wire including means for substantially reducing the
cross-sectional area of the rod, means for annealing the wire,
means for continuously extruding an insulating coating onto the
wire, means for moving the wire through said extruding means at a
speed of at least 2,500 feet per minute, means for cooling the
insulated wire including means for initially contacting the
insulated wire with an atomized cooling mist to at least partially
set the coating with substantially no deformation thereof, and
means for taking up the insulated wire.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said cooling means
comprises a three-stage cooling system including a cooling mist
stage, a cooling spray stage and a cooling bath stage.
3. Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said cooling mist stage
comprises an elongated chamber having a plurality of spray stations
spaced along the length thereof, each of said spray stations having
nozzle means disposed therein, first conduit means connected to
each of said nozzle means for conducting a cooling liquid thereto,
second conduit means connected to each of said nozzle means for
conducting compressed air thereto, and means associated with each
of said nozzle means for mixing the cooling liquid and the
compressed air and for emitting an atomized mist thereof into said
chamber for cooling insulated wire passing therethrough.
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein said elongated chamber
includes top, bottom and side walls, said spray stations being
disposed in said side walls and staggered alternately along the
length of said chamber.
5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said nozzle means are
disposed at an angle of approximately 15.degree. to the direction
of movement of the wire passing through said chamber.
6. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for
substantially reducing the cross-sectional area of the rod includes
means for reducing the cross-sectional area by at least 20
percent.
7. A method of producing insulated wire having a minimum diameter
corresponding to number 14 AWG size from rod of up to 3/8-inch
diameter at speeds in excess of 2,500 feet per minute in a
continuous in-line tandem system comprising the steps of drawing
and annealing the rod into wire, extruding a plastic coating onto
the wire at 400.degree.F., cooling the insulated wire from
400.degree. to 90.degree.F. including initially contacting the
insulated wire with an atomized coolant mist to at least partially
set the coating with substantially no deformation thereof, and
taking up the cooled insulated wire.
8. A method as defined in claim 6 wherein the step of cooling the
insulated wire further comprises passing the wire through a liquid
coolant spray to further cool and set the plastic coating, and then
passing the wire through a liquid coolant bath to cool the coating
to its final setting temperature.
9. A method as defined in claim 8 wherein the coolant mist is of a
density sufficient to cool the coated wire from 400.degree. to
200.degree. F. in less than 0.5 seconds.
10. A method as defined in claim 8 wherein the temperature of the
coated wire is reduced from 200.degree. to 150.degree. F. as it
passes through the liquid coolant spray.
11. A method as defined in claim 7 including the step of providing
a 60.degree. C. U.L. rated PVC base coating compound formulation
having -25.degree. C. rated protection, the compound including
resins, plasticizers, fillers and lubricant-stabilizers, wherein
the plasticizers include a low temperature plasticizer that will
not volatilize at 400.degree. F.
Description
This invention relates generally to the wire forming art, and more
particularly to a method and apparatus for producing electrically
conductive insulated wire from rod at high speeds in a tandem
drawing and insulating system.
Heretofore, electrically conductive insulated wire has been
produced in a series of separate manufacturing processes. The
conductive metal, usually copper, aluminum or various alloys
thereof, is first cast, preferably in a continuous operation, to
provide a cast bar that is passed through a rolling mill to produce
rod. The rolled rod, normally having a diameter of between 0.250
inches and 0.625 inches, is then coiled and stored for further
processing.
When it is desired to produce wire, the rod is drawn in succession
through a plurality of constricted drawing dies by means of which
the diameter of the rod is reduced to wire of desired AWG size. The
drawn wire may be processed with intermediate anneals between the
various drawing stages, or may be annealed or partially annealed
subsequent to the drawing operation according to the physical
properties and electrical conductivity desired to be achieved. The
wire may then be quenched and pickled, as desired, for cooling and
cleaning, and then again coiled and stored for further
processing.
The final operation in the prior art method of producing insulated
wire was to cover the bare wire with an insulation coating. This is
accomplished typically by uncoiling the wire from its spool and
advancing it through the die of an extruder containing a molten
plastic coating compound. As the wire passes through the die, the
coating compound is forced under pressure to adhere to the wire and
form a coating thereon. The wire thus leaves the extruder with a
high temperature and covered with a soft plastic coating which must
be immediately cooled so as to set and harden prior to being
taken-up on a spool or otherwise coiled. The cooling was usually
accomplished by advancing the insulated wire through long
water-filled troughs. The length of the troughs was determined as a
function of the speed of the wire passing therethrough.
It should be thus apparent that the prior art method of producing
insulated wire consisted of a series of individual operations, each
operation conducted separately in time and space and without regard
to the subsequent operations that would follow. Thus, the casting
and rolling, drawing and annealing, quenching and pickling,
extruding, cooling, and coiling were, for the most part,
accomplished individually at different locations and at different
times such that when one operation was completed the material would
have to be coiled and either stored for subsequent processing or
transported to another location where the apparatus for performing
the next operation was located. This method of production was, of
course, time-consuming, costly, space-wasteful, and did not lend
itself to the high-speed production of a quality product.
It is, therefore, a primary object of this invention to increase
the production rate and product quality of electrically conductive
insulated wire.
More particularly, it is an object of this invention to combine at
least certain ones of the operations in the production of
electrically conductive insulated wire into an in-line contiguous
system.
Still more particularly, it is an object of this invention to
provide a method and apparatus for drawing and insulating
electrically conductive wire at high speeds in a continuous in-line
tandem operation.
Briefly, these and other objects of the invention that will become
hereinafter apparent, are accomplished in accordance with this
invention by providing a novel tandem wire drawing and insulating
system that is capable of producing Nos. 10, 12 and 14 AWG size
plastic coated wire from 5/16-inch copper rod, and Nos. 10 and 12
AWG size plastic coated wire from 3/8-inch aluminum and aluminum
alloy rod, in a continuous operation at wire speeds in excess of
2,500 feet per minute.
The system includes a drawing machine having a series of
progressively constricted dies adapted to reduce the diameter of
the rod to the desired AWG wire size. The drawing machine includes
an in-line annealer whereby the wire is softened for easier
handling. As the wire exits from the drawing machine, it may be
quenched for cooling and then dried by means of an air wipe or
other suitable means. It should be understood, however, that the
quenching and cooling are not intended to form an essential part of
the invention disclosed herein.
After the wire leaves the drawing machine and its associated
apparatus, it is advanced directly through the die of an extruder
containing a plastic coating compound. An accumulator may, however,
be disposed between the drawing apparatus and the extruder whereby
relatively slight variations in the speed of the wire passing
through the drawing machine and the extruder may be compensated for
by conventional means known to those skilled in the art. Because of
the high speed of the wire passing through the die of the extruder,
the temperature of the plastic melt in the coating zone must be
high enough such that sufficient heat may be transferred to the
wire in the short time interval as to effect adhesion of the
coating compound thereto. For wire advancing at speeds in excess of
2,500 feet per minute, it has been determined in accordance with
this invention that a melt temperature of approximately 400.degree.
F. in the coating zone is required to effect the adhesive
process.
Immediately upon passing through the extruder the coated wire
enters a novel cooling system that includes means to cool the
insulated wire sufficiently is less than 0.5 seconds to
substantially solidify the extruded plastic coating, as well as
means to further cool the insulated wire from approximately
400.degree. F. at the extruder to approximately 90.degree. F. prior
to its being taken-up in a coiling device. The novel cooling system
which will be described in more detail hereinafter, will solidify
the coating and cool the wire moving at speeds in excess of 2,500
feet per minute while achieving a smooth coated surface of superior
quality.
It should be understood that the novel concept disclosed herein of
combining the wire drawing apparatus and the coating extruding
apparatus in a high speed tandem system amounts to more than a mere
combining of known operations. Heretofore, it was considered
impossible to combine these operations to produce high-quality
insulated wire at speeds in excess of 2,500 feet per minute. While
it was possible to draw and anneal wire at high speeds, the prior
art disclosed no extruding and cooling apparatus that could receive
wire exiting a drawing machine at speeds in excess of 2,500 feet
per minute. Two of the main reasons for this were, firstly, that
the prior art did not teach any method for effectively coating a
wire moving through the die of an extruder at those speeds, and,
secondly, a soft-coated wire moving at those speeds through prior
art cooling systems encountered too much fluid resistance and
friction to enable the extruded coating to have a smooth,
high-quality surface finish. Consequently, the drawing operation
and the extruding operation were performed separately, with the
wire moving through the extruder and cooling system at speeds
commensurate with the available technology.
It is, therefore, a further object of this invention to facilitate
a tandem system for drawing and insulating a wire at high speeds,
by providing a method for extruding a plastic coating on a wire
moving through the die of an extruder at speeds in excess of 2,500
feet per minute.
Another object of this invention is to facilitate a tandem system
for drawing and insulating a wire at high speeds, by providing a
cooling system that will solidify an extruded coating on a wire
moving at speeds in excess of 2,500 feet per minute while providing
minimal fluid resistance to the coated wire in its pre-set state,
thereby resulting in a smooth, high-quality surface finish.
This is accomplished in accordance with this invention by providing
a three-stage cooling system that will cool the insulated wire from
its 400.degree. F. temperature at the extruder to 90.degree. F.
prior to its being taken-up in a coiling apparatus. The first stage
consists of a cooling mist wherein the coated wire with the plastic
material still in a soft pliant state is passed through a chamber
having a plurality of nozzles emitting an atomized mist of air and
water therein which cools the wire from 400.degree. to 200.degree.
F. in less than 0.5 seconds. The second stage consists of a liquid
spray wherein the coated wire is sprayed with water to reduce its
temperature from 200.degree. to 150.degree. F. After leaving the
second stage, the plastic coating will be set sufficiently for the
wire to pass into the third stage which consists of a long
water-filled trough wherein the temperature will be reduced to
90.degree. F. at which point it is ready to be taken-up by coiling
apparatus.
With the above and other objects in view that may hereinafter
become apparent, the nature of the invention may be more closely
understood by reference to the several views illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, the following detailed description thereof,
and the appended claimed subject matter:
IN THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a highly schematic plan view of the tandem wire drawing
and insulating system of this invention, and illustrates the rod
supply coil, the drawing machine equipped with in-line annealer,
the wire accumulator, the plastic coating extruder, the three-stage
cooling system, and the insulated wire take-up apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the cooling mist stage
of the cooling system, and illustrates an elongated chamber having
a plurality of spray stations disposed along the length thereof,
each of the spray stations having a nozzle disposed therein with
separate water and compressed air lines leading to each of the
nozzles;
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG.
2, and depicts the disposition of the insulated wire within the
mist chamber with spray stations disposed on either side
thereof;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG.
3, and depicts a nozzle in a single spray station of the mist
chamber;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary schematic plan view of the interior of the
mist chamber, and illustrates the staggered relationship of the
spray stations therein and the angular disposition of the nozzles
to the direction of movement of the wire therethrough;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the cooling spray stage of the
three-stage cooling system, and illustrates an elongated housing
having a spray header pipe running longitudinally therethrough;
FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG.
6, and illustrates a pair of oppositely directed spray nozzles
depending from the header pipe and emitting a spray of cooling
fluid directly on the insulated wire passing therethrough;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view of a pair of spray nozzles
depending from the header pipe in the spray stage housing;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of the cooling bath stage
of the three-stage cooling system, and illustrates a water-filled
trough through which the coated wire is passed, including water
inlet means and drain means which receives water overflowing the
wire inlet opening;
FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 10--10 of
FIG. 9, and depicts the coated wire being submerged in the
water-filled trough; and
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of the
plastic coating extruder apparatus, and depicts the bare wire
entering the die of the extruder on one side thereof and the coated
wire exiting on the other side thereof.
Referring now to the drawings in detail, there is illustrated in
FIG. 1 the tandem wire drawing and insulating system of this
invention designated generally by the numeral 20. The system 20
includes a rod supply or pay-out apparatus 22 from which rod R,
such as 3/8-inch aluminum or aluminum alloy rod or 5/16-inch copper
rod, is pulled through a drawing machine 24 equipped with an
in-line annealer in which the rod R is drawn into wire W having
finished ASTM annealed specifications. Typically, the 3/8-inch
aluminum or aluminum alloy rod will be drawn into No. 10 or No. 12
AWG size wire, while the 5/16-inch copper rod will be drawn into
Nos. 10, 12 or 14 AWG size wire. The drawing machine 24 may be of
any commercially available type such as a Syncro 13 die drawing
machine manufactured by Syncro Machine Co.
The drawing wire W may then pass through a quench and wipe system
(not shown), and then into an accumulator apparatus 26 which may
include a plurality of resiliently mounted pulleys (not shown) by
means of which relatively minor variations in the speed of the wire
W between various points in the system 20 may be compensated
for.
The wire W then passes through an extruder apparatus 28 at speeds
in excess of 2,500 feet per minute where a plastic insulation
coating, such as a PVC base compound is applied to the wire W in a
continuous manner. The extruder apparatus 28, which will be
described in more detail hereinafter, may be basically a
Davis-Standard 20/1 or 24/1 LD Thermatic Extruder having certain
control modifications in accordance with this invention which
render the high-speed operation feasible.
After passing through the extruder 28, the coated wire W passes
through a three-stage cooling system 30 wherein the plastic
insulation coating is set as its temperature is reduced from
approximately 400.degree. F. to approximately 90.degree. F. The
cooling system 30 includes a first mist stage 32, a second spray
stage 34, and a third bath stage 36. After passing through the
cooling system 30 the insulated wire W is taken up by means of
conventional coiling apparatus 38 well known to those skilled in
the art. The coiling apparatus 38 also provides the motive force
for advancing the wire W at high speeds through the system 20.
The extruder apparatus 28 includes a hopper 40 into which the
coating compound formulation is admitted in the form of a dry,
homogeneous pellet. The compound is preferably a polyvinyl chloride
based resin including plasticizers, fillers and
lubricant-stabilizers that will yield a 60.degree. C. U.L. rated
insulation coating meeting U.L. standards for compression strength,
low temperature flexibility, tensile strength, elongation, and
surface quality. It has been determined in accordance with this
invention that the foregoing characteristics can be obtained in an
insulation coating applied to wire moving at speeds in excess of
2,500 feet per minute by using a compound as sold by Southwire
Company under their designation SW1001.
The compound is melted in the hopper 40 and maintained at a
temperature of approximately 225.degree. F. from where it is
admitted into a pressure chamber 42 where it is advanced by means
of a screw 44 towards a die housing 46. The pressure chamber 42
includes several distinct heating zones depicted as 47, 48, 49, 50
including calrod heating elements or the like which progressively
raise the temperature of the melt to approximately 400.degree. F.
in the die housing 46. The friction of the screw 44 also serves to
heat the melt.
Because the wire W is advancing through the die housing 46 of the
extruder 28 at high speeds -- 2,500 feet per minute and above -- it
has been determined in accordance with this invention that the
temperature of the melt in the coating zone (i.e., in the die
housing 46) must be unusually high -- preferably approximately
400.degree. F. -- in order to effect the necessary heat transfer to
the high speed wire in the relatively short coating zone so as to
facilitate adhesion of the plastic coating thereto. Consequently,
in order that the finished coating provide protection at low
temperatures, preferably to -25.degree. C., a low temperature
plasticizer must be used in the compound formulation that will not
volatilize and lose its low temperature characteristics in the high
temperatures of thte coating zone which are necessitated by the
high-speed operation.
Referring particularly to FIG. 11, there is illustrated the die
housing 46 which contains an extrusion die (not shown) through
which the wire W passes and wherein a plastic coating is
concentrically extruded thereabout under pressure from the
extrusion screw 44 (FIG. 1). As seen in FIG. 11, the wire W enters
the die housing 46 at speeds in excess of 2,500 feet per minute as
a bare wire and leaves it covered with a soft plastic coating at a
temperature of 400.degree. F.
The coated wire then immediately enters the first mist stage 32 of
the cooling system 30 where the coating substantially sets in less
than 0.5 seconds as its temperature is reduced from 400.degree. to
200.degree. F. As seen in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, the mist stage 32
consists of an elongated housing 48, preferably approximately 20
feet in length, which defines a mist chamber 50 into which an
atomized mist of a gas and liquid cooling mixture is admitted from
a plurality of spray nozzles 52 disposed in spray stations 54
arranged in staggered relationship along the length of the housing
48.
Preferably, the atomized mist consists of compressed air and water
at 50.degree. F. which are conducted separately to each nozzle 52
through piping 56 and 58, respectively, where they are mixed and
admitted into the chamber 50 as a fine atomized mist of sufficient
density to cool the wire W to 200.degree. F. in less than 0.5
seconds without providing sufficient fluid resistance to the wire W
which would deform the soft plastic coating. The coating is thus
enabled to set substantially without deformation or impairment of
its finish even though the wire is moving at speeds in excess of
2,500 feet per minute.
The housing 48 includes side walls 60 in which the spray stations
54 are disposed, a bottom wall 62, and a hinged top cover 64 which
permits access into the chamber 50. The housing 48 may also include
a drain box 66 and piping 68 for conducting mist condensate from
the chamber 50.
As seen most clearly in FIGS. 4 and 5, the spray stations 54 are
staggered along the side walls 60 with the nozzles 52 disposed such
that the axes of the mist spray cones are inclined at an angle of
15.degree. to the direction of travel of the wire W through the
housing 48. It has been determined in accordance with this
invention that this arrangement, coupled with positioning the tips
of the nozzles 52 approximately 15 inches from the wire W as
measured along the axes of the mist spray cones, results in maximum
cooling of the wire commensurate with minimal fluidic resistance
against the plastic coating.
AFter the wire W leaves the mist stage 32 in substantially set
condition at 200.degree. F., it immediately enters the spray stage
34 where its temperature is further reduced to 150.degree. F. As
seen in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, the spray stage 34 consists of an
elongated housing 70, preferably 10 feet in length, through which
extends a spray header pipe 72 having a plurality of oppositely
disposed spray nozzles 74, 76 depending therefrom along the length
thereof. The spray nozzles 74, 76 are adapted to emit a relatively
heavy shower of cooling liquid such as water at 75.degree. F.
directly onto the moving wire W. While the spray shown in the
housing 70 is substantially more dense than the atomized mist in
the mist stage 32, it still provides substantially less fluidic
resistance than would occur were the wire pulled through a
water-filled trough. Consequently, the spray stage 34 provides
increased cooling capacity to substantially completely set the
plastic coating, while not providing undue resistance against it
which would tend to mar its smooth finish.
The housing 70 may be constructed similarly to the housing 48 and
includes side walls 78, a bottom wall 80, and a hinged top cover
82. A drain box 84 and drain piping 86 may also be provided for
return of the sprayed liquid.
After the wire W leaves the spray stage 34 it immediately enters
the final cooling bath stage 36 where its temperature is reduced
from 150.degree. F. to 90.degree. F. As seen in FIGS. 9 and 10, the
bath stage 36 consists of an elongated water-filled trough 90
through which the wire W travels in a submerged condition.
Preferably, the trough 90 is 100 feet long and the wire W will be
turned to travel through the trough 90 eight times for a total
traverse of 800 feet. Thus, the water bath 36 provides maximum heat
transfer capacity for completely setting the coating and cooling
the wire W to its final temperature of 90.degree. F. prior to being
coiled in the apparatus 38. Because the coating has been
substantially set in the preliminary cooling stages 32 and 34
without impairment of its surface quality, the coated wire W can
tolerate the more severe turbulence and fluid resistance in the
bath stage 36.
The trough 90 includes side walls 92, a bottom wall 94, and end
plates 96 having slotted opeings 98 formed therein through which
the wire W may pass. Water is admitted to the interior of the
trough 90 through a supply conduit 100 at a rate which will
maintain a constant level in the trough 90 as the water spills out
of the openings 98. Drain boxes 102 and drain pipes 104 are
provided for recirculation of the bath water.
It should be apparent, therefore, that there is provided in
accordance with this invention a novel method and apparatus for
producing insulated wire at speeds in excess of 2,500 feet per
minute. The method of extruding a plastic insulating coating at
high temperatures and the three-stage cooling system disclosed
herein facilitates a high-speed operation for drawing rod into wire
and then continuously coating the wire in a tandem system. The
tandem system thus provides a process which takes rod and
continuously draws, anneals, quenches, insulates, cools and coils
to a finished wire product all in one production line at speeds in
excess of 2,500 feet per minute. The novel method and apparatus
obviously increases the production rate of a quality product
meeting all U.L. standards for gauge wire and having a surface
quality of exceptional smoothness and symmetry.
While the invention has been specifically described herein with
reference to a particular embodiment thereof, it should be
understood that minor variations may be made therein without
departing from the spirit of the invention.
* * * * *