U.S. patent number 3,852,721 [Application Number 05/359,639] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-03 for tracking light pen system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to University of Illinois Foundation. Invention is credited to William Coates, Paul T. Tucker.
United States Patent |
3,852,721 |
Tucker , et al. |
December 3, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
TRACKING LIGHT PEN SYSTEM
Abstract
Method and apparatus for tracking the movements of a light pen
on a plasma display panel with a cursor for entering new
information into the plasma panel and erasing other information
therefrom. The invention comprises interrogating the cursor to
determine the direction of motion, if any, of the light pen
relative to the cursor, re-positioning the cursor under the light
pen, and storing information over-written in the plasma panel by
the cursor until the cursor has moved on, and then rewriting the
stored information in its original location.
Inventors: |
Tucker; Paul T. (Urbana,
IL), Coates; William (Champaign, IL) |
Assignee: |
University of Illinois
Foundation (Champaign County, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23414697 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/359,639 |
Filed: |
May 14, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
345/182;
345/157 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F
3/0386 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06F
3/033 (20060101); G06f 003/14 (); G08b
005/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/172.5,324AD,173CR,173PP,173R,324AM,324M ;328/123,124,125
;313/92 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Springborn; Harvey E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Merriam, Marshall, Shapiro &
Klose
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for tracking the movements of a light pen on a plasma
display panel with a cursor, the plasma panel comprising an array
of gaseous discharge cells for storing and visually displaying the
information, the cursor comprising a sub-array of the gaseous
discharge cells in the plasma display panel including an
arrangement of the gaseous discharge cells which are aligned with
the orthogonal axes of the cursor sub-array and located on opposite
sides of the cursor, the method comprising:
sequentially interrogating the cursor cells;
monitoring the plasma display panel with the light pen for the
sequential cursor cell interrogations to determine the direction in
which the light pen is displaced relative to the cursor, the
combination of sequential cursor cell interrogations monitored by
the light pen being indicative of the direction in which the light
pen is displaced relative to the cursor; and
electronically repositioning the cursor in the plasma display panel
to be under the light pen and coincident therewith responsive to
the determination of the direction of the displacement of the light
pen from the cursor.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 including selectively lighting at
least one of the gaseous discharge cells in the plasma display
panel coincident with the cursor after each time the cursor is
electronically repositioned to track the light pen and thereby plot
successive movements of the light pen to selectively enter
information into the plasma display panel for storage and
display.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 including storing the information
contained in the gaseous discharge cells located immediately
adjacent the cursor and in the direction in which the light pen is
displaced relative to the cursor before electronically
repositioning the cursor, the cursor overwriting the information
previously contained in the adjacent gaseous discharge cells to
edit the information from the plasma display panel when the cursor
is electronically repositioned under the light pen, and selectively
writing the stored information into the gaseous discharge cells
comprising the location in which the stored information was
previously contained prior to being overwritten by the cursor after
the cursor has moved from the repositioned location to thereby
selectively re-enter the edited information into the plasma display
panel.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 including selectively lighting at
least one of the gaseous discharge cells in the plasma display
panel coincident with the cursor after each time the cursor is
electronically repositioned to track the light pen and thereby plot
successive movements of the light pen to selectively enter
information into the plasma display panel for storage and
display.
5. A method for tracking the movements of a light pen on a plasma
display panel with an electronically-generated cursor, the plasma
display panel comprising an array of gaseous discharge cells being
selectively switchable between an OFF state and an ON state to
store information and visually display the information via light
emissions from the gaseous discharge cells in the ON state when the
gaseous discharge cells are periodically discharged, the cursor
comprising a sub-array of the gaseous discharge cells in the plasma
display panel including an arrangement of the gaseous discharge
cells in the ON state which are aligned with the orthogonal axes of
the cursor sub-array and located on opposite sides of the cursor,
the method comprising:
sequentially discharging the ON cursor cells to generate
corresponding sequential light emissions therefrom;
monitoring the plasma display panel with the light pen for the
sequential light emissions from the ON cursor cells to determine
the direction in which the light pen is displaced relative to the
cursor, the combination of sequential light emissions monitored by
the light pen being indicative of the direction in which the light
pen is displaced relative to the cursor; and
electronically repositioning the cursor sub-array in the plasma
display panel to be under the light pen and coincident therewith
responsive to the determination of the direction of displacement of
the light pen from the cursor.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5 including selectively switching
at least one of the gaseous discharge cells in the portion of the
plasma display panel coincident with the cursor sub-array to the ON
state to emit light when the gaseous discharge cells are
periodically discharged, at least one of the cells being switched
to the ON state after each time the cursor is electronically
repositioned to track the light pen and thereby plot successive
movements of the light pen to selectively enter information into
the plasma display panel for storage and display.
7. A method as claimed in claim 5 including storing the information
corresponding to the state of the gaseous discharge cells located
immediately adjacent the cursor sub-array and in the direction in
which the light pen is displaced relative to the cursor before
electronically repositioning the cursor, the the cursor sub-array
overwriting the information previously contained in the adjacent
gaseous discharge cells by altering the state of the gaseous
discharge cells to conform to the state of the gaseous discharge
cells comprising the portion of the cursor sub-array overwriting
the adjacent gaseous discharge cells and thereby editing the
information from the plasma display panel when the cursor is
electronically repositioned under the light pen, and selectively
writing the stored information into the gaseous discharge cells
comprising the location in which the stored information was
previously contained prior to being overwritten by the cursor
sub-array after the cursor Sub-array has moved from the
repositioned location by altering the state of the adjacent gaseous
discharge cells in accordance with the stored information to
correspond to the state of the adjacent cells prior to the adjacent
cells having been overwritten by the cursor to thereby selectively
re-enter the edited information into the plasma display panel.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7 including selectively switching
at least one of the gaseous discharge cells in the portion of the
plasma display panel coincident with the cursor sub-array to the ON
state to emit light when the gaseous discharge cells are
periodically discharged, at least one of the cells being switched
to the ON state after each time the cursor is electronically
repositioned to track the light pen and thereby plot successive
movements of the light pen to selectively enter information into
the plasma display panel for storage and display.
9. Apparatus for tracking the movements of a light pen on a plasma
display panel with a cursor, the plasma panel comprising an array
of gaseous discharge cells for storing and visually displaying the
information, the cursor comprising a sub-array of the gaseous
discharge cells in the plasma display panel including an
arrangement of the gaseous discharge cells which are aligned with
the orthogonal axes of the cursor sub-array and located on opposite
sides of the cursor, the apparatus comprising:
means for sequentially interrogating the cursor cells;
means including a light pen for monitoring the plasma display panel
for the sequential cursor cell interrogations to determine the
direction in which the light pen is displaced relative to the
cursor, the combination of sequential cursor cell interrogations
monitored by the light pen being indicative of the direction in
which the light pen is displaced relative to the cursor; and
means for electronically repositioning the cursor in the plasma
display panel to be under the light pen and coincident therewith
responsive to the determination of the direction of the
displacement of the light pen from the cursor.
10. Apparatus in accordance with claim 9 including means for
selectively lighting at least one of the gaseous discharge cells in
the plasma display panel coincident with the cursor after each time
the cursor electronically repositioned to track the light pen and
thereby plot successive movements of the light pen to selectively
enter information into the plasma display panel for storage and
display.
11. Apparatus in accordance with claim 9 including means for
storing the information contained in the gaseous discharge cells
located immediately adjacent the cursor and in the direction in
which the light pen is displaced relative to the cursor before
electronically repositioning the cursor, the cursor overwriting the
information previously contained in the adjacent gaseous discharge
cells to edit the information from the plasma display panel when
the cursor is electronically repositioned under the light pen, and
means for selectively writing the stored information into the
gaseous discharge cells comprising the location in which the stored
information was previously contained prior to being overwritten by
the cursor after the cursor has moved from the repositioned
location to thereby selectively re-enter the edited information
into the plasma display panel.
12. Apparatus for tracking the movements of a light pen on a plasma
display panel with a cursor as claimed in claim 11 including means
for selectively lighting at least one of the gaseous discharge
cells in the plasma display panel coincident with the cursor after
each time the cursor is electronically repositioned to track the
light pen and thereby plot successive movements of the light pen to
selectively enter information into the plasma display panel for
storage and display.
13. Apparatus for tracking the movements of a light pen on a plasma
display panel with an electronically-generated cursor, the plasma
display panel comprising an array of gaseous discharge cells being
selectively switchable between an OFF state and an ON state to
store information and visually display the information via light
emissions from the gaseous discharge cells in the ON state when the
gaseous discharge cells are periodically discharged, the cursor
comprising a sub-array of the gaseous discharge cells in the plasma
display panel including an arrangement of the gaseous discharge
cells in the ON state which are aligned with the orthogonal axes of
the cursor sub-array and located on opposite sides of the cursor,
the apparatus comprising:
means for sequentially discharging the ON cursor cells to generate
corresponding sequential light emissions therefrom;
means including a light pen for monitoring the plasma display panel
for the sequential light emissions from the ON cursor cells to
determine the direction in which the light pen is displaced
relative to the cursor, the combination of sequential light
emissions monitored by the light pen being indicative of the
direction in which the light pen is displaced relative to the
cursor; and
means for electronically repositioning the cursor sub-array in the
plasma display panel to be under the light pen and coincident
therewith reponsive to the determination of the direction of
displacement of the light pen from the cursor.
14. Apparatus in accordance with claim 13 including means for
selectively switching at least one of the gaseous discharge cells
in the portion of the plasma display panel coincident with the
cursor sub-array to the ON state to emit light when the gaseous
discharge cells are periodically discharged, at least one of the
cells being switched to the ON state after each time the cursor is
electronically repositioned to track the light pen and thereby plot
successive movements of the light pen to selectively enter
information into the plasma display panel for storage and
display.
15. Apparatus in accordance with claim 13 including means for
storing the information corresponding to the state of the gaseous
discharge cells located immediately adjacent the cursor sub-array
and in the direction in which the light pen is displaced relative
to the cursor before electronically repositioning the cursor, the
cursor sub-array overwriting the information previously contained
in the adjacent gaseous discharge cells by altering the state of
the gaseous discharge cells to conform to the state of the gaseous
discharge cells comprising the portion of the cursor sub-array
overwriting the adjacent gaseous discharge cells and thereby
editing the information from the plasma display panel when the
cursor is electronically repositioned under the light pen, and
means for selectively writing the stored information into the
gaseous discharge cells comprising the location in which the stored
information was previously contained prior to being overwritten by
the cursor sub-array after the scursor sub-array has moved from the
repositioned location by altering the state of the adjacent gaseous
discharge cells in accordance with the stored information to
correspond to the state of the adjacent cells prior to the adjacent
cells having been overwritten by the cursor to thereby selectively
re-enter the edited information into the plasma display panel.
16. Apparatus in accordance with claim 15 inclusing means for
selectively switching at least one of the gaseous discharge cells
in the portion of the plasma display panel coincident with the
cursor sub-array to the ON state to emit light when the gaseous
discharge cells are periodically discharged, at least one of the
cells being switched to the ON state after each time the cursor is
electronically repositioned to track the light pen and thereby plot
successive movements of the light pen to selectively enter
information into the plasma display panel for storage and display.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to a light pen system for use with
plasma display panels, and in particular, to an improved method and
apparatus for writing graphic information directly into a plasma
display panel and editing other information therefrom.
Light pen arrangements have long been a popular means for manually
inputing and editing graphic information directly on the
cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) incorporated in some computer terminals.
The CRT is well suited to the use of a light pen because the
display is generally scanned in a serial manner, i.e., the
positional light emitted by the CRT display occurs in a prescribed
time sequence. Since the light emitting elements of a CRT have no
memory other than the relatively short-lived persistence of the
phosphor, the CRT display must be continually refreshed from a
display buffer, typically once every 1/30th of a second. Thus, the
provision of a cursor (i.e., a light point on the CRT indicating
the position of the light pen) to track the light pen is relatively
simple. This is generally accomplished by storing the cursor data
in a buffer added onto the end of the display buffer.
With the development of computer terminals utilizing plasma display
memory panels rather than CRTs wherein the plasma panel functions
both as the display and as the display buffer or image file,
however, new light pen arrangements have had to be developed.
As is well known in the art, the plasma panel is a two dimensional
array of light emitting gas discharge elements that exhibit
inherent memory. This type of plasma panel, as well as the
operation of selectively addressing the plasma display panel to
write information, and the sustaining operation, has been
previously described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,559,190, issued Jan. 26,
1971, on an application of D. L. Bitzer, H. G. Slottow and R. H.
Willson, entitled "Gaseous Display and Memory Apparatus", U.S. Ser.
No. 613,693, filed Dec. 22, 1966, assigned to the same assignee has
here.
One such light pen arrangement for plasma display panels is
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,651,509, issued Mar. 21, 1972, to D.
Ngo. This prior art may be briefly summarized as follows.
The arrangement utilizes a light pen having a light tranducer which
operates in conjunction with display scanning signals for
selectively writing or erasing information in the display cells.
The display scanning signals energize the display cells
sequentially, each cell generating a momentary light pulse when
energized. The momentary light pulses are of sufficient duration to
be detected by the light pen transducer. The detected light pulses
are employed to produce conventional write or erase signals,
selectively, as the light pen is moved adjacent the display cells.
Accordingly, information is written in a particular location on the
display panel, i.e., the display cell is lit by placing the light
pen adjacent the cell. During the next scanning cycle, the
particular cell is momentarily energized by scanning signals
applied thereto. The resulting light pulse is detected by the light
pen, generating a write signal to turn the display cell ON. Thus,
as an operator manipulates the light pen, each cell of the display
that the light pen passes is lit to draw the desired image.
This arrangement, however, requires that complex new signals be
introduced between the cycles of the sustaining signal. This cannot
be done with presently commercially available plasma display panel
and drive systems without completely changing the drive
circuitry.
Moreover, this arrangement requires that the entire panel be
scanned in moving the cursor a distance of one line, each scan
requiring approximately five seconds. Accordingly, it would require
five minutes to move one inch on a sixty line per inch panel.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, method and apparatus are
provided for tracking the movements of a light pen on a plasma
display panel having an array of gaseous discharge cells with a
cursor. In a specific embodiment of the invention apparatus
including means for interrogating the cursor to determine the
direction of motion, if any, of the light pen relative to the
cursor, means for re-positioning the cursor under the light pen,
means for storing information adjacent the leading edge of the
cursor prior to re-positioning of the cursor, and means for writing
the information previously displayed at the location on the plasma
display panel vacated by the cursor adjacent the trailing edge of
the cursor is provided. More particularly, the cursor comprises an
arrangement of gas discharge cells in the ON state in the plasma
display panel and the interrogation comprises sequentially
discharging the cursor cells to generate light emissions, the
combination of sequential light emissions monitored by the light
pen determining the direction of motion if any of the light pen
relative to the cursor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention may be best understood by reference now to the
following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, in which like reference numerals identify like elements
in the several figures and in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an input/output computer terminal
having a plasma display/memory panel for displaying graphic
information and incorporating a light pen system in accordance with
the present invention;
FIG. 1A is a partial view of the plasma display panel in FIG. 1
illustrating one particular cursor arrangement which can be
utilized by the light pen system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates various wave forms associated with interrogation
of the plasma panel by the light pen system of the present
invention;
FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 illustrate the operations performed in
tracking the light pen with a cursor for a particular example, to
wit: a downward movement of light pen; and
FIG. 10 is a combined schematic and block diagram illustrating in
greater detail the input/output computer terminal incorporating the
light pen system shown in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As previously indicated above, the complete description of a plasma
panel is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,559,190, and reference may be
made thereto. However, for purposes of describing the present
invention, a brief summary of some basic principles is herein
provided.
Physically, the plasma display/memory panel is an array, generally
rectangular, of gas discharge cells that are separated from
associated row (x) and column (y) electrodes by dielectric sheets.
The intersection of any two electrodes can be selectively addressed
by suitable addressing means coupled to the electrodes.
Initially, the selective application of suitable drive signals to
those cells discharges the gaseous medium within the respective
cells so that a cell wall charge is formed therein. The formed wall
charge, however, opposes the drive signal thereby rapidly
extinguishing the discharge.
Thereafter, except when the information is changed, every cell of
the array is periodically excited, i.e., discharged, by a
sustaining signal such as that illustrated in FIG. 2. In the most
commonly used mode of excitation, the sustaining voltage waveform,
by itself, is not of sufficient magnitude to initiate a discharge
in any of the elements. If, however, previous electrical activity
in a cell has left the cell dielectric end walls charged to an
adequate level, the resultant wall voltage can augment the applied
sustaining voltage and cause a discharge in the cell. During this
discharge, electrons and ions flow to the walls in response to the
applied field, and light is emitted. These charges depress the
internal field and thereby extinguish the discharge. In the next
half cycle, the charge collected on the end walls will again
augment the applied voltage and cause a discharge to take place in
the opposite direction. Thus, the alternating or sustaining
voltage, which by itself is not able to initiate a discharge, will
sustain a stable sequence of discharges, repetitively, in an
element if appropriate wall voltage conditions are established by
each previous discharge.
The state of a cell which sustains a stable sequence of discharges,
i.e., one discharge each one-half cycle of the applied voltage, is
also characterized by light output and is usually defined as the
"one" or ON state. The other state, which exhibits no discharge
activity, and has no light output, is called the "zero" or OFF
state. State changes in a plasma display element are accomplished
by establishing the wall charge condition of the desired state.
Although there are now well known techniques for accomplishing
state changes, the primary technique utilizes coincidentally
applied voltage perturbations (control pulses) as described for
instance in a published article of R. L. Johnson, D. L. Bitzer and
H. G. Slottow, "The Device Characteristics of the Plasma Display
Element", I.E.E.E. Transactions On Electron Devices, Vol. ED-18,
No. 9, pp. 642-649, September, 1971.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown in block diagram form an
input/output computer terminal having a plasma display/memory panel
for displaying graphic information and incorporating a light pen
system in accordance with the present invention. The light pen
system may be utilized to manually input, i.e., "write", graphic
information into the plasma panel for visual display and,
conversely, to edit or erase information from the panel.
It is to be understood that while the present invention is
described in connection with the plasma display panel, the
invention is useful with any addressable matrix of light emitting
elements exhibiting inherent memory.
In the present embodiment, the input/output computer terminal 11 is
coupled to a remote computer 13 over voice grade telephone circuits
15. The terminal 11 includes a terminal processor 17 which,
responsive to instructions and data received from the computer 13,
drives the plasma display panel 19 to graphically display
information thereon. In particular, the terminal processor 17 also
includes a control signal generator developing the drive signals
for setting up wall charges in the appropriate cells, i.e., writing
information into the plasma planel 19, and a sustaining signal
generator which supplies the required alternating sustaining
signals to the panel 19 for repetitively discharging the ON cells
in a sustaining sequence.
In FIG. 1, the light pen system illustrated there includes a light
pen 21 which the terminal user can move across the surface of the
plasma display panel 19 to input new information into the panel or
erase other information therefrom. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
1, the light pen 21 comprises a bundle of optical fibers, typically
eight cells in diameter, for coupling light emitted from the
portion of panel 19 covered by the end of pen 21 to the remainder
of the light pen system circuitry.
As the light pen 21 is moved across the panel surface, a visible
cursor such as the cross-shaped (+) arrangement of lit gas
discharge cells illustrated in FIG. 1A tracks the pen 21. The
tracking of light pen 21 by the cursor is implemented by
sequentially interrogating the four cells A, B, C, and D at the
vertices of the cursor to determine the direction of motion, if
any, of the pen 21 across the plasma panel 19.
More particularly, the interrogation technique practiced by the
light pen system of the present invention utilizes the existing
sustaining and address circuitry of the terminal processor 17 to
provide the requisite interrogation signals in a manner well known
in the art. That is, an interrogation signal, i.e., an erase pulse,
sufficient to discharge a cell in the ON state but not sufficient
to discharge a cell in the OFF state is applied to the selected
vertice cell during the period between the normally supplied
sustaining signals. Accordingly, the vertice cell, which is in the
ON state, will be discharged by the interrogation signal and emit
light while none of the other cells in the panel 19 are discharged.
Subsequently, a restoration pulse, i.e., a write pulse, can be
applied to the interrogated cell during the next interval between
sustaining pulses to "rewrite"a wall charge into the cell. A
typical sustain voltage waveform, the light output for both states
of an element and the control (write and erase) pulses which are
superimposed on the sustaining waveform are illustrated in FIG. 2.
In turn, cells B, C, and D are interrogated in a similar
manner.
The method of interrogation to determine the direction the cursor
must move to track the light pen as it moves on the plasma display
panel may be more readily understood by reference now to FIG. 3
which illustrates a portion of the plasma display panel 19 with the
letters g and E written thereupon. The cursor is shown near the
center of the display.
Operationally, the four cells A, B, C, and D at the vertices of the
cursor are sequentially interrogated. By sequentially interrogating
the vertice cells, an area photodetector 23 coupled to the light
pen 21 is able to distinguish between the interrogations of the
four cells. Accordingly, during the interrogation, cell A is
initially erased. If the light emission resulting from this erasure
is captured by the light pen 21, a binary 1 is shifted into the
most significant bit position of a five-bit S register 25 (FIGS. 1
and 3) coupled to the output of the photodetector 23, and cell A is
then rewritten on the panel. If, on the other hand, the light
emission is not monitored by the pen 21, a binary O is shifted into
the S register 25. Cell B, C and D are then similarly interrogated
until all four cells have been sequentially processed. After the
interrogation of each vertice cell, the corresponding 1 or 0 is
registered in the most significant bit (MSB) position of the S
Register 25 and the previous interrogation results are shifted
toward the least significant bit (LSB) position. Consequently,
after the interrogation has been completed, the bit of information
corresponding to the interrogation of cell D is located in the MSB
position and the bit corresponding to cell A is located in the
second to the least most significant bit position. Since only four
interrogations are undertaken, the LSB bit position is always
0.
Accordingly, if for example the cursor is aligned with the light
pen, identified generally by circle 21 in FIG. 3, the light
emissions during each of the four interrogations will be coupled
through the optical fibers of the light pen 21 to the photodetector
23. That is, if the light pen 21 is stationary so that it can
observe all four interrogations, the S register 25 will be loaded
with the binary word 11110.
Whenever one or more of the light emissions from the four
interrogations is not observed, however, the light pen system
reacts to reposition the cursor beneath the pen 21. If, for
example, the light pen 21 is moved down one row on the plasma panel
19, as illustrated in FIG. 4, cell A is no longer in the area
monitored by pen 21, and accordingly, interrogation of cell A is
not observed by the pen 21. Consequently, the five bit S register
25 is set to 11100 which is interpreted as a downward movement of
the light pen 21.
Accordingly, it should be understood that the various combinations
of vertice cells which are "observed" by the light pen 21 during
the sequential interrogation of the vertice cell is indicative of
the direction of motion of the light pen 21.
Since the plasma display panel 19 functions both as the display and
the display buffer or image file, the information originally
displayed on the panel at a particular location is lost when it is
"over-written" by the cursor unless it is temporarily stored
elsewhere. Consequently, the original information contained in the
five by five array of cells (identified generally by dashed line
box 27 in FIG. 4) subsequently overwritten by the cursor, as it
moves on the panel 19, is stored in the 5 .times. 5 register 29
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 4.
As long as the interrogation of the cursor's vertices indicates
that the light pen 21 is stationary, the contents of the 5 .times.
5 register 29 remain unchanged. But when cursor must be
repositioned, as is the case with the example shown in FIG. 4, the
contents of the 5 .times. 5 register 29 must be changed to reflect
the information which will be overwritten as the cursor moves
downward.
This is accomplished by interrogating the five cells in the row
adjacent to the leading edge of the 5- by -5 array 27 incorporating
the cursor. First, the S register 25 is cleared. Then, responsive
to the controller 31, the cells, identified as 1 through 5 in FIG.
4, are interrogated by sequentially erasing each of the five cells,
starting with cell 1 and continuing through cell 5 (FIG. 4), and
shifting a binary 1 into the S register 25 if the interrogated cell
is ON or conversely, a 0 if the cell is OFF. FIG. 5 illustrates the
results of the leading edge interrogation in the example under
consideration. There, it may be seen that the S register 25 is
loaded with the binary word 10000 after this operation is
complete.
This information, in turn, is shifted into the bottom row of the 5
.times. 5 register 29 by means of a parallel transfer of the data
from the S register 25. Each row of data previously stored in the 5
.times. 5 register 29 is likewise shifted up one row. Thus, after
the transfer, the 5 .times. 5 register 29 contains the image data
corresponding to the 5 by 5 cell area presently monitored by the
light pen 21 after it has moved down one row.
When the contents of the S register 25 is shifted into the bottom
row of the 5 .times. 5 register 29 and the other rows already
stored therein are shifted up, the top row is transferred out of
the 5 .times. 5 register 29 and loaded back into the S register 25.
FIG. 6 illustrates the contents of the 5 .times. 5 register 29 and
the S register 25 after the leading edge data has been shifted into
the 5 .times. 5 register 29 and the trailing edge data has been
transferred to the S register 25.
Next, the contents of the S register 25 are coupled to the light
pen display processor 33 and written into the appropriate cells,
identified as 1 through 5 in FIG. 7, through an adder circuit 35,
at the trailing edge of the cursor so that the original information
is displayed on the panel 17 after the cursor has passed.
Operationally, this is accomplished by writing the most significant
bit stored in the S register 25 into cell 5 (FIG. 7) at the
trailing edge of the cursor. The contents of the S register 25 are
then shifted one position to the left, and again the most
significant bit is written, this time in cell 4. This procedure
continues until the information is completely re-written as shown
in FIG. 8, erasing cell A.
The cursor is then moved down one row by erasing the horizontal bar
and rewriting it in the next row down, and subsequently, a cell is
written at the bottom of the vertical bar comprising the cursor.
Accordingly, the cursor is re-written, i.e., moved, so that it once
again lies beneath the light pen 21, thus appearing to follow the
pen 21. FIG. 9 illustrates the status of the plasma panel display
upon the completion of the one downward movement.
While in the present example a simple one line downward movement
has been illustrated, any movement of the light pen can be
interpreted as a combination of moves in either the X or the Y
direction. Thus, the procedure which was followed for single move
in the downward direction is functionally identical to that
employed for a move in any of the other three directions, or in a
diagonal direction.
The gas discharge cells in the plasma panel 19 corresponding to the
path of cell X as the cursor travels over the panel 19 may be
maintained in a lit state. This leaves a track corresponding to the
movements of the light pen 21 on the plasma panel 19, and
accordingly, the user can write information into the panel 19.
Alternatively, to edit information from the panel 19, the
information temporarily stored in the 5 .times. 5 register 29 is
not re-written into the panel 19 after the cursor has been
relocated.
The novel apparatus comprising a light pen system in accordance
with the present invention is shown in greater detail in FIG.
10.
More particularly, signals for controlling the operation of the
various registers, including incrementing and decrementing,
loading, and shifting, are generated by the controller 51 upon
receipt of an instruction from the sequencing and processing unit,
identified generally at 53. The sequencing and processing unit 53
includes a 256 .times. 8-bit re-programmable read-only memory (ROM)
55 which stores the instructions for directing the processing
activities of the controller 51.
The controller 51, in turn, decodes the upper four bits of the
8-bit instruction from the sequencing and processing unit 53 into
16 possible instructions while the lower four bits modify these
instructions. For example, when the upper four bits decode into an
instruction to increment a particular register, the lower bits may
indicate the size of the increment, or when an instruction
indicates that the 5 .times. 5 register 29 is to be shifted, then
the lower four bits indicate in which of the four possible
directions the stored data is to be shifted. Once these
instructions are decoded, the appropriate circuits respond
automatically to the control signals generated by the controller
51.
The major function of the sequencing and processing unit 53 then is
to direct the various instructions stored in the ROM 55 to the
controller 51 in the correct sequential manner. Accordingly, all
processing operations are synchronous with a master clock. In
particular, the system operates on a major cycle consisting of four
minor clock pulses. That is, the "decode" clock pulse which is
applied to the decoder 57 decodes the instruction presently at the
output of ROM 55 so that it can subsequently be coupled to the
controller 51. A "set-up" pulse is then applied to the controller
51 which, in turn, generates a control signal setting up the inputs
to the various registers. A subsequent "load" pulse coupled to the
controller 51 causes it to load or shift the various registers.
Finally, an "increment" pulse increments the 8-bit loadable counter
comprising the ROM address register 59 which always contains the
address of the instruction to be performed.
Normally, the ROM address register 59 is incremented once each
major cycle in order to move sequentially through the program.
However, there are a number of jump instructions in the ROM 55
which, when decoded, change the contents of the ROM address
register 59 to a new memory location. For example, one of these
jump instructions loads the ROM address register 59 with the
contents of the S register 25. This instruction is executed
immediately after interrogating the four vertices of the cursor for
the determination of the direction of movement. Since at this
point, the S register 25 holds a 4-bit code indicating the
particular direction of light pen motion, this code can be loaded
into the lower bits of the ROM address register 59 to cause a
branch to the particular area of the ROM 55 containing the set of
instructions required for this move.
A center point (C) register 61 comprising two 9-bit registers,
C.sub.x and C.sub.y, containing the x and y coordinates of the
cursor center point (i.e., cell X) address, respectively, is
controlled by the controller 51. The C.sub.x and C.sub.y registers
can be independently incremented or decremented responsive to the
controller 51 to reflect the movements of the cursor center point.
For example, when the light pen 21 is moved down one line, the
C.sub.y register is decremented by one count while the C.sub.x
register is left unchanged at the completion of the cycle.
As the cursor's movements across the plasma panel 19 are registered
in the C register 61, the cells in the plasma panel corresponding
to the coordinates in the C.sub.x and C.sub.y sub-registers may be
lit so that the cursor's path across the panel is recorded. In this
manner, information can be written into the plasma panel 19 by the
terminal user.
The operating point (0) register 63 also comprises a pair of 9-bit
registers, O.sub.x and O.sub.y, and is controlled by controller 51.
The O.sub.x and O.sub.y registers contain the address in the plasma
display panel 19 at which the WRITE or ERASE operations are to be
performed. The O registers 63 are loaded from the corresponding C
registers 61 with the center point coordinates and can be
incremented or decremented to control, via the ADDRESS means 65,
the location on the panel 19, relative to the center point of the
cursor, where the WRITE or ERASE operation is performed.
Operationally, the interrogation data from the photodetector 23 is
coupled to the input of the S register 25, a 5-bit register capable
of serially shifting data therein to input and output the data in a
serial manner. Moreover, the S register 25 can simultaneously input
or output five bits of data in parallel, e.g., when transferring
the "leading edge" data to the 5 .times. 5 register 29.
During the interrogation of the cursor's vertices, i.e., cells A,
B, C, and D, the S register 25 is operative in the serial mode to
receive the results of the sequential interrogations. The resultant
binary word, indicative of the direction in which the light has
been moved, then coupled to the sequencing and processing unit 53,
i.e., ROM address register 59.
If motion is detected, the operating point (0) register 63,
responsive to the controller 51, is counted to the row of cells at
the leading edge of the cursor (e.g., cell 1 in FIG. 4). The five
cells adjacent the leading edge are then sequentially interrogated
and the resultant data is serially loaded into the S register 25.
This data is subsequently outputed from the S register 25 and
transferred in parallel into the corresponding row in the 5 .times.
5 register 29.
The 5 .times. 5 register 29 comprises an array of twenty-five
storage devices arranged in five rows of five devices each for
storing the data originally displayed in the area occupied by the
cursor.
Upon receipt of a shift comman, multiplexors associated with each
device in the 5 .times. 5 register 29 and each of the five storage
devices comprising the S register 25 are toggled to input the data
from the S register 25 in the 5 .times. 5 register 29 and the
contents of the top row of 5 .times. 5 register 29 are input into
the corresponding devices in the S register 25 (FIG. 5).
Thus, as a result of the shift command, the leading edge data
contained in the S register 25 is shifted into the appropriate row
in the 5 .times. 5 register 29 (e.g., if the light pen is moved
horizontally to the right, the leading edge data is shifted into
the right side column of the 5 .times. 5 register 29), the contents
of the 5 .times. 5 register 29 is shifted by one row, and the
trailing edge data is shifted into the S register 25. Accordingly,
the S register 25 now contains the trailing edge data and the 5
.times. 5 register 29 has stored the information which will be
overwritten by the cursor when it moves to follow the light pen
21.
The data in the S register 25 is subsequently coupled to control
means 67 and is written into the row of cells at the trailing edge
of the cursor as it is relocated. In particular, the operating
point (0) register 63 is loaded with the address of cell 5 in the
plasma panel 19. Thus, the address in the plasma panel 19 at which
data is written is contained in the O register 63. Initially, the
bit located in the most significant bit (NSB) position is
re-written into cell 5. The O register 63 is then incremented (or
decremented) and the data in the S register 25 is shifted toward
the NSB position output so that it can be re-written into cell 4.
The process is repeated until all of the data in the S register 25
is re-written into its original location on the plasma panel
19.
Finally, the cursor B relocated below the light pen 21, and the
center point (C) register 61 is incremented (or decremented) to
coincide with the new address of the cursor's center point.
While the writing operation of the light pen system has just been
described, it should be apparent that information can also be
edited from the panel by not re-writing the information temporarily
stored in the 5 .times. 5 register 29 into the plasma panel 19.
Accordingly, a tracking light pen system for use with an
input/output graphics terminal has been shown. The tracking light
pen system just described exhibits tracking speeds in excess of 16
inches per seconds. The light pen system allow the user to move a
visible cursor around the plasma display panel for purposes of
editing and creating graphical and textual material.
In many graphic display terminal applications, a light pen is often
used to provide the user with a means of manually selecting one
item from many which are displayed on the screen. The extension of
the tracking light pen system of the present invention to include a
pointing light pen capability can be accomplished by using a
modified control algorithm and adding a data buffer large enough to
store the display addresses that correspond to the user's
choices.
To provide the pointing capability, a pointing algorithm is added
to the tracking algorithm.
First, the C register 61 and the O register 63 are loaded with the
first address in the pointing address buffer. The cell at this
address is written and erased and the photodetector output is
sampled during the erasure time to determine whether or not the
light pen is positioned over the addressed cell. If light is
detected during the erasure, the address contained in the C
register 61 is returned to the computer thereby indicating that the
light pen is over the cell location. If, however, no light is
detected during the erasure, the C and O registers 61 and 63,
respectively, are loaded with the next address contained in the
address buffer and the previous operation is repeated. This
operation is cyclically continued through the address buffer.
In order to provide for a large number of positional choices in a
pointing light pen system, a hardware address buffer is added to
the tracking system. The buffer consists of a dual 512-bit shift
register which will hold up to 50 display panel addresses and is
loaded from the existing terminal interface. This hardware unit has
the ability to keep track of the shift register address both during
loading and during the process of being read into the C register
61.
While a particular embodiment of the present invention has been
shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art
that various changes and modifications may be made without
departing from the invention in its broader aspects. Accordingly,
the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and
modifications as may fall within the true spirit and scope of the
invention.
* * * * *