U.S. patent number 3,852,697 [Application Number 05/378,256] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-03 for bimetal snap disc.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Therm-O-Disc Incorporated. Invention is credited to Harold F. Snider.
United States Patent |
3,852,697 |
Snider |
December 3, 1974 |
BIMETAL SNAP DISC
Abstract
A bimetal snap disc is disclosed for use in thermal controls.
The disc is formed of a bimetal material having a positive
deflection curve both above and below a predetermined temperature.
The disc can be formed to operate at one temperature while being
incapable of resetting in response to thermal stresses for use in
manually resetting devices or the like. The disc can also be formed
for higher temperature operation with relatively small temperature
differentials. Also, the disc can be formed to provide one or more
operating temperatures both above and below the predetermined
temperature.
Inventors: |
Snider; Harold F. (Mansfield,
OH) |
Assignee: |
Therm-O-Disc Incorporated
(Mansfield, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23492374 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/378,256 |
Filed: |
July 11, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
337/348;
337/353 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
37/54 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
37/54 (20060101); H01H 37/00 (20060101); H01h
037/74 () |
Field of
Search: |
;337/111,348,360,379,353 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Miller; J. D.
Assistant Examiner: Bell; Fred E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: McNenny, Farrington, Pearne &
Gordon
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A snap disc comprising a piece of bimetal formed of a material
having a deflection curve which is positive as the temperature of
the material varies from a predetermined temperature in either
direction said disc having a portion formed with a shallow dished
shape, said disc providing two positions of stability between which
it moves for snap action, said disc when in said first position
snapping to said second position upon reaching a calibration
temperature different than said predetermined temperature.
2. A snap disc as set forth in claim 1 wherein said disc provides
first and second calibration temperatures, one of which is above
said predetermined temperature and the other of which is below said
predetermined temperature.
3. A snap disc as set forth in claim 2 wherein said disc is
incapable of snapping back to said first position solely in
response to thermally induced forces.
4. A snap disc as set forth in claim 2 wherein said disc operates
to snap back to said first position upon reaching third and fourth
calibration temperatures, one of which is above said predetermined
temperature and the other of which is below said predetermined
temperature.
5. A snap disc as set forth in claim 4 wherein said deflection
curve includes portions of relatively low activity and portions of
substantially greater activity and said calibration temperatures
are located at points along said portions of substantially greater
activity.
6. A snap disc as set forth in claim 1 wherein said calibration
temperature is above said predetermined temperature, and said snap
disc operates to snap back to said first position upon reaching a
second calibration temperature which is also above said
predetermined temperature.
7. A snap disc as set forth in claim 6 wherein said disc snaps from
said first position to said second position at a temperature of at
least about 550.degree.F. and has a differential temperature in the
order of 50.degree.F.
8. A snap disc as set forth in claim 1 wherein said calibration
temperature is above said predetermined temperature, and said disc
is incapable of snapping back to said first position solely in
response to thermally induced forces.
9. A snap disc as set forth in claim 1 wherein said bimetal is
formed with a high expansion side consisting of about 32 percent
nickel, 1 percent colbalt, 1 percent molydenum and the balance
iron; and a low expansion side consisting of 32 percent nickel, 15
percent colbalt, 1 percent molydenum and the balance iron.
10. A snap disc device comprising body means, switch means or the
like on said body means, and a bimetallic snap disc formed of a
material having a positive deflection as the temperature of the
material varies away from the predetermined temperature in either
direction a predetermined temperature, said disc having first and
second positions of stability and operating to snap from said first
position to said second position at a temperature above said
predetermined temperature, said disc after snapping to said second
position remaining in said second position in all temperatures
encountered including said predetermined temperature, said switch
means or the like being operated when said disc is snapped from
said first position to said second position.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to thermally responsive devices
employing bimetal as a thermal operator and more particularly to a
novel and improved bimetal snap disc and to a novel and improved
device employing a bimetal snap disc as a thermal operator.
PRIOR ART
Thermally responsive devices employing a bimetal snap disc operator
are well known. In such devices, the bimetal element is formed with
a shallow dished shape which causes it to move between two
positions of stability with snap action when the bimetal snap disc
reaches predetermined operating temperature normally referred to as
a calibration temperature. In instances in which the bimetal
element senses the ambient temperature, the device is generally
referred to as a thermostat. In other instances, the temperature of
the bimetal element is changed in response to other conditions and
the devices are used to sense such other conditions. For example,
the device may be a motor controller, a motor protector or a relay.
Usually in such latter types of devices, the bimetal element is
heated by an adjacent heater or by current flow through the bimetal
itself.
The conventional bimetal material used to form such snap discs has
been of a type which provides a deflection curve which is positive
throughout the temperature range of its use. Generally with such
conventional material, the chord height or depth of the disc
increases as a direct function of the difference between the normal
room ambient and the operating temperature of the disc. For
example, a disc formed of a given material of such type to provide
a high temperature of operation at about 400.degree.F. has a
greater depth or chord height than a disc formed of a similar
material having a high temperature of operation of
200.degree.F.
When attempting to form a disc of such conventional material with
high operating temperatures, difficulty is encountered because the
depth of the disc of chord height must be relatively large.
Therefore, the disc must, during operation, be subject to
relatively high thermally induced stresses which tend to produce a
permanent deflection of the material and result in changes in the
calibration temperature of the disc. Further, such discs tend to
fatigue and fail because of such high thermally induced
stresses.
Further, difficulty is often encountered in forming a relatively
high temperature disc with a relatively low differential
temperature. The differential temperature of a disc is the
difference between the temperature at which 4 the disc snaps in one
direction and the temperature at which the disc snaps in the other
direction. This difficulty tends to occur because the differential
temperature of a given disc tends to be a direct function of the
depth or chord height of the discs.
Further, difficulty is often encountered when attempting to form a
relatively high temperature operating disc which will not
automatically reset in the system in which it is installed. Such
discs are generally formed with a sufficiently high differential
temperature so that the disc does not encounter one of its
operating temperatures in the installed system. For example, if the
disc is to operate on increasing temperature at 200.degree.F., it
is provided with a sufficiently high differential temperature or
lower operating temperature so that it does not encounter its lower
operating temperature in use. Such a disc, for example, would be
provided with a lower operating temperature below 0.degree.F. and
requires a differential temperature in excess of 200.degree.F. When
attempting to form discs for relatively high temperature operation,
for example, above 500.degree.F., this presents severe problems
since the differential temperature required to prevent nonautomatic
reset can substantially exceed 500.degree.F.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
There are a number of aspects to the present invention. In
accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a snap disc
may be formed of bimetal which cannot under any circumstance snap
back to its reset condition as a result of thermally induced
forces. In accordance with another aspect of this invention, it is
possible to form a relatively high temperature bimetal snap disc
having a relatively low differential temperature. In accordance
with still another aspect of this invention, a bimetal snap disc
may be provided which snaps from a first position of stability to a
second position of stability at two different temperatures, and
when the disc is formed for automatic resetting, it snaps back to
the first position of stability at two different temperatures.
In accordance with the present invention, a snap disc is formed of
a bimetal material having a positive deflection both above and
below a predetermined temperature. One such material is
manufactured and sold by Texas Instruments, Inc. under
identification number 1,513. It is believed that this material is
provided with an alloy on the high expansion side composed of 32
percent nickel, 1 percent colbalt, 1 percent molydenum and the
balance iron. It is further believed that the material forming the
low expansion side is 32 percent nickel, 15 percent colbalt, 1
percent molydenum and the balance iron. Such material has a
positive deflection on increasing and decreasing temperatures above
and below a temperature of about 230.degree.F.
A snap disc in accordance with one aspect of this invention
utilizing this particular material can be formed to operate for
example at temperatures in excess of 550.degree.F. with sufficient
differential temperature to ensure that it will not automatically
reset. Such disc will not automatically reset so long as the
internal stresses required to produce reset are not reached above
about 230.degree.F. since further cooling below such temperature
will tend to return the disc to a thermally stressed condition
which approaches the initial operating condition.
In accordance with another aspect of this invention, the disc may
be formed at relatively high temperatures, for example in the order
of 550.degree.F. with a relatively narrow temperature differential,
for example in the order of 50.degree.F. This is accomplished
because the material need not be as deeply formed, when compared to
conventional bimetal materials, to provide the calibration
temperature of 550.degree.F. Further, in accordance with the
present invention, it is possible to form a disc which is provided
with two operating temperatures, both above and below the
predetermined temperature of the material.
Because discs formed in accordance with the present invention need
not be as deeply drawn in most instances as discs comparable
temperatures formed of conventional bimetal material, the tendency
for the disc to fail by fatigue resulting from high thermally
induced stresses is minimized. Further, the disc tends to maintain
calibration to a greater degree because the disc is not required to
experience as great a thermally induced stress.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevation in longitudinal section of a simple,
manual reset thermostat provided with a novel and improved snap
disc in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating in full line the deflection
characteristics of the bimetal material used to form a snap disc in
accordance with the present invention, and in dotted line the
deflection curves of more conventional bimetal materials.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For purposes of simplification, the snap element incorporating the
present invention is referred to as a snap disc and the illustrated
embodiment is formed as a circular disc. However, it should be
understood that as used herein, the term "snap disc" is intended to
encompass other forms of snap elements which may be, for example,
noncircular in shape, but which are formed with a dished portion
causing the disc to be provided with two positions of stability
between which it moves with snap action in response to
predetermined temperature conditions of the material forming the
disc.
FIG. 1 illustrates a manual reset thermostat of the type
illustrated in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,621,434. Such thermostat is
illustrated merely to disclose a thermostatic device of the general
type which might be used in combination with a bimetal snap disc in
accordance with the present invention. It should be understood,
however, that the novel and improved snap disc in accordance with
the present invention could be utilized in other types of devices
which might or might not be, strictly speaking, thermostats.
Further, it should be understood that the bimetal snap disc can be
used in devices wherein the disc operates a valve or other type of
device in response to some thermal condition.
In the illustrated embodiment, a body assembly 10 includes a main
body 11, a guide plate 12, and a disc retaining cap 13. The body
member 11 and the guide plate 12 cooperate to define a switch
chamber 14 which encloses a switch consisting of a fixed contact
16, and a movable contact 17. The movable contact 17 is supported
on a contact support arm 18 formed of resilient material. Suitable
terminals (not illustrated) are connected to the fixed contact 16
and the movable contact support arm 18 so that an electrical
connection is provided therebetween when the two contacts engage as
illustrated.
A bimetal snap disc 19 in accordance with the present invention is
supported in position by the guide plate 12 and the disc retaining
cap 13. The disc 19 is formed with a shallow dished shape so that
it is provided with two positions of stability and operates to snap
between the two positions of stability in the manner discussed in
greater detail below. A bumper 21 is guided within an opening 22
formed in the guide plate 12 and is proportioned so that when the
disc is in the position of stability illustrated, the two contacts
16 and 17 engage. However, when the disc snaps from the illustrated
position to the operated position, the bumper 21 is moved toward
the movable contact support arm until it engages the support arm
and thereafter causes the movable contact 17 to move out of
engagement with the fixed contact 16. This causes the switch
mechanism to be opened and occurs with a snap action.
Also provided in the device is a reset pin 23 which is guided for
longitudinal movement in an opening 24 formed in the body member
11. When the disc 19 operates to open the switch, the reset pin 23
is engaged by the movable contact support arm and raised from the
position illustrated. After operation of the switch, the device may
be manually reset by pressing on the surface 26 causing the reset
pin 23 to push the disc back toward its reset condition
illustrated. When the disc is pushed to an unstable intermediate
position by the reset pin, it snaps on through to the reset
position and the switch is reclosed. In manufacturing a manual
reset thermostat of the type illustrated, of course it should be
understood that the material selected to form the various elements
must be chosen to be capable of withstanding the temperatures
expected to be encountered.
Referring to FIG. 2, the disc 19 is formed of a bimetal material
having a deflection curve of the type illustrated at 27. This
material which may be of the type designated above has a deflection
curve which is positive as the temperature increases and decreases
from a predetermined temperature of about 230.degree.F. as
illustrated at 28. Such material deflects in a positive direction
as the temperature is increased above the predetermined temperature
of the material, and also deflects in the same positive direction
when the temperature is decreased below the temperature 28.
The dotted curves 29 and 31 illustrate the types of deflections
which are provided by the bimetals heretofore used to form snap
discs. It should be noted that both of the materials 29 and 31 have
a positive deflection on temperature rise throughout their
temperature range of use. Conversely, the deflection is in the
opposite direction or negative on temperature drop throughout their
temperature range of use. Conversely, the deflection is in the
opposite direction or negative on temperature drop throughout their
temperature range of use.
When a snap disc is formed of the material represented by the curve
29 and is required to operate on increasing temperature at a
relatively high temperature, for example a temperature in the order
of 400.degree.F. - 600.degree.F., it is necessary to deeply form
the disc and provide it with a relatively large chord height. If
the disc is to be nonautomatic and capable of remaining in the
operated condition, it must be provided with a very large
differential temperature. For example, if the disc must remain in
the operated condition when its temperature drops to about
0.degree.F. and operates at a temperature in the order of
550.degree.F., the disc must be formed to provide a differential
temperature of at least 550.degree.F. It is extremely difficult to
form such a disc with conventional materials. In any event, when it
is possible to form the disc with such a wide differential,
difficulty is usually encountered due to fatigue failures of the
disc or due to permanent thermally induced distortions when the
disc is cycled through such a wide temperature range which causes
loss of calibration.
When a disc is formed in accordance with the present invention,
however, for operation at a temperature in the order of
500.degree.F. - 600.degree.F. as illustrated by the bracket 32, it
is only necessary to provide the disc with a shape and a depth so
that it will not reset or snap back to its reset condition upon
reaching a temperature at 28. Therefore, if the disc has an
operating temperature of 600.degree.F., and the material forming
the disc has a minimum deflection at a temperature of
230.degree.F., the required differential temperature to ensure that
the disc will not automatically reset is about 370.degree.F.
Since the disc material experiences a positive deflection below the
predetermined temperature at 28, it cannot thermally reset
regardless of the temperature encountered if it does not reset
before reaching the temperature at 28. As the temperature of the
disc drops below the temperature at the point 28, the positive
deflection of the disc material tends to relieve the stresses of
the disc. Therefore, the disc is not exposed to excessive thermally
induced stresses, so the tendency for fatigue failure is reduced,
and the tendency for loss of calibration is minimized.
In accordance with another aspect of this invention, a disc formed
of the material having a deflection curve 27 may be formed to
operate at relatively high temperatures for example in the order of
550.degree.F. with a differential temperature of as low as about
50.degree.F. Such a disc would not, of course, be nonautomatic, but
would snap in one direction upon reaching its upper temperature of
550.degree.F. and would automatically snap back to its first
position when the temperature of the disc dropped to a temperature
in the order of 500.degree.F. Such disc could be used in a device
generally as illustrated in FIG. 1, but such device would not be
provided with means to manually reset the disc because its
automatic operation would cause resetting.
In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, a
disc can be formed to operate from a first position of stability to
a second position at two different temperatures, one of which is
above the temperature 28 and the other which is below the
temperature 28. Such disc, for example, can be formed to operate at
about 450.degree.F. at the point 35 on the curve 27. Since the same
amount of positive deflection occurs at the point 33 when the
temperature of the disc reaches a temperature of about
-75.degree.F., such disc will snap from a first position of
stability to a second position of stability at upon reaching either
of the temperatures at 35 and 33. If the differential temperature
of the disc is sufficiently great, such disc will not, under any
circumstances, reset thermally since the thermally induced stressed
required for resetting cannot occur. In some instances, a disc is
provided with only one operating temperature. If the required
thermal stress for operation cannot be obtained above absolute zero
and below the predetermined temperature, the disc cannot operate
below the predetermined temperature. Such disc could, however, have
a calibration temperature at which it operated above the
predetermined temperature.
If the disc is provided with a sufficiently low differential
temperature, for example about 50.degree.F., it would snap on
increasing temperature from the first position of stability to the
second on reaching 450.degree.F. and would snap back to its first
position of stability when reaching 400.degree.F. as indicated by
the point 34. Such a disc would have two operating temperatures
below the predetermined temperature 28 and would snap in one
direction on reaching a temperature of about -75.degree.F. and
would return or automatically reset to its initial position on
reaching a point 36 on the curve at 0.degree.F.
Generally speaking, a disc formed of a material having the
deflection curve 27 should be calibrated to operate at above
400.degree.F. or below 0.degree.F. since the activity of the
material, i.e., the deflection produced by a given change in
temperature, is relatively low between about 0.degree.F. and
400.degree.F. as indicated by the relatively flat slope of the
curve 27 between these two points.
It should be understood that a disc in accordance with the present
invention may be formed of other bimetal materials so long as the
material exhibits a positive deflection curve and on both
increasing and decreasing temperatures from a predetermined
temperature. It should also be understood that a nonautomatic disc
in accordance with the invention can also be used in devices which
are not provided with means to reset the disc once it operates.
Such device is often referred to as a thermal fuse since it can
only operate once.
Although preferred embodiments of this invention are illustrated,
it should be understood that various modifications and
rearrangements of parts may be resorted to without departing from
the scope of the invention disclosed and claimed herein.
* * * * *