U.S. patent number 3,851,917 [Application Number 05/345,832] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-03 for invalid chairs.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Bath Institute of Medical Engineering. Invention is credited to Bevan Graham Horstmann, Frederick Reginald Vincent.
United States Patent |
3,851,917 |
Horstmann , et al. |
December 3, 1974 |
INVALID CHAIRS
Abstract
The invention is concerned with invalid chairs for facilitating
standing up and sitting down operations by invalids who are
normally unable to stand up and sit down without difficulty. The
invalid chair of the present invention comprises a chair base, a
seat portion, a back rest, linkage interconnecting the chair base,
seat portion and back rest, and resilient means to urge the seat
portion and back rest to raised positions and thereby assist an
occupant in rising from a sitting position, the back rest being
connected to the chair base by a quadrilateral linkage including
upper and lower links extending forward from the lower part of the
back rest to pivots on the chair base, the seat portion being
pivoted to the back rest or to the upper link in the vicinity of
the junction therebetween and further linkage being provided
whereby as the seat portion and back rest are raised by the
resilient means, the seat portion pivots to an angular position
where its forward end lies upwardly with respect to the upper link
and the inclination between the seat portion and backrest is
greater than the corresponding inclination with the seat fully
forward.
Inventors: |
Horstmann; Bevan Graham
(Corsham, EN), Vincent; Frederick Reginald (Corsham,
EN) |
Assignee: |
The Bath Institute of Medical
Engineering (Somerset, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
9735983 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/345,832 |
Filed: |
March 29, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
203699 |
Dec 1971 |
|
|
|
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 16, 1973 [GB] |
|
|
02235/73 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
297/344.15;
297/DIG.10 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
5/14 (20130101); Y10S 297/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
1/031 (20060101); A47C 1/032 (20060101); A47C
1/034 (20060101); A61G 5/14 (20060101); A61G
5/00 (20060101); A47c 001/02 (); A47c 001/06 ();
A47c 001/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;297/68,330,332,334,337,338,DIG.10 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gilliam; Paul R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kenway & Jenney
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This is a continuation in part of our application Ser. No. 203699,
Filed Dec. 1st, 1971, entitled "INVALID CHAIRS," now abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. An invalid chair comprising:
a chair base;
a seat portion;
a back rest;
linkage operatively interconnecting the chair base, seat portion
and back rest;
resilient means operatively connected between one end of said
linkage and said base to urge the seat portion and back rest to
raised positions and thereby assist an occupant in rising from a
sitting position;
said linkage comprising a quadrilateral linkage operatively
connecting the back rest to the chair base, said quadrilateral
linkage including upper and lower links extending forward from the
lower part of the back rest, said links having forward ends
pivotally connected to the chair base, and rear ends pivotally
connected to the back rest;
the seat portion being pivoted to one of said back rest and said
upper link, in the vicinity of the junction therebetween; and
a bell crank lever pivoted to said upper link intermediate the ends
thereof, having one arm engaged with the underside of the seat
portion and the other arm operatively connected to said lower link
whereby movement of said quadrilateral linkage causes rotation of
the lower arm whereby the upper arm also moves and lifts said seat
portion with respect to said upper link.
2. An invalid chair according to claim 1, said quadrilateral
linkage being a parallelogram linkage and said other arm of said
bell crank lever being pivoted to said lower link.
3. An invalid chair according to claim 1, said other arm of said
bell crank lever engaging a roller mounted on said lower link.
4. An invalid chair according to claim 1, further comprising
adjustment means for said back rest whereby the angular position
thereof with the chair in its lowered position may be varied to
suit the occupant.
5. An invalid chair comprising:
a chair base;
a seat portion;
a back rest;
linkage operatively interconnecting the chair base, seat portion
and back rest;
resilient means operatively connected between one end of said
linkage and said base to urge the seat portion and back rest to
raised positions and thereby assist an occupant in rising from a
sitting position;
said linkage comprising a quadrilateral linkage operatively
connecting the back rest to the chair base, said quadrilateral
linkage including upper and lower links extending forward from the
lower part of the back rest, said links having forward ends
pivotally connected to the chair base, and rear ends pivotally
connected to the back rest;
the seat portion being pivoted to one of said back rest and said
upper link, in the vicinity of the junction therebetween; and
cooperating abutments on a lower portion of said back rest and on
said seat portion, said abutments being adapted to engage each
other during motion of the seat portion and back rest, said
abutments being spaced apart in the lowered position of the seat
portion and back rest whereby on initial lifting movement of the
seat portion and back rest, the seat portion tilts with respect to
the back rest; and on further upward lifting motion, the seat
portion is fixed in its angular relationship to the back rest.
6. An invalid chair according to claim 5, said lower link being
shorter than said upper link whereby said back rest tilts forward
as it is raised.
Description
BACKGROUND
This invention relates to Invalid Chairs and is an improvement in
the invalid chair disclosed in Austin G. Morse-Brown U.S. Pat. No.
3679260 issued July 25, 1972 and assigned to the Assignee of this
invention.
According to the invention disclosed in the said patent there is
provided an invalid chair comprising a seat portion connected to a
chair base by guide means which guide the seat portion such that it
moves between a lowered sitting position and a raised position in
which latter position it lies forward, wholely above and tilted
forward relatively to the lower sitting position, and resilient
means to urge the seat portion towards the raised portion. As
disclosed in further detail in the said patent, a practical
embodiment of this linkage takes the form of a pair of arms
extending forward and downward from the seat portion to pivot on
forward extensions of the chair base. Due to these extensions, the
overall size of the chair is large and there can be a tendency for
an invalid entering or leaving the chair to trip over an
extension.
Further invalid chairs are known from R. G. Heyle U.S. Pat. No.
3,138,402 issued June 23, 1964 and G. A. Hodge U.S. Pat. No.
3,640,566 issued Feb. 8, 1972 in which a seat portion is elevated
by resilient means in order to facilitate the rising of an occupant
from the chair. The Hodge and Heyle Patents both disclose
mechanisms incorporating quadrilateral linkages for guiding the
seat portion to its raised position and by that means they obviate
the requirement for a large forward extension of the chair such as
disclosed in the said Morse-Brown Patent. However, the chair
disclosed in the Heyle Patent incorporates a seat portion and back
rest which both move together with a rear link of the quadrilateral
linkage with the result that the movement of the chair is primarily
a lifting movement with only a very limited degree of forward
tilting. Without an appropriate degree of forward tilting, the
occupant of the chair cannot effectively be raised to a near
upright standing position. The chair of the Hodge Patent obviates
this problem by causing the seat portion of the chair to move with
an upper link of the quadrilateral linkage and causing the back
rest to move with the rear link of the quadrilateral linkage.
Whilst obviating the disadvantage of Heyle, the Hodge chair
introduces the further disadvantage that the seat portion cannot be
raised up to a substantial extent as it is being tilted and thus
again it does not fully effectively help to raise an occupant to a
standing position.
SUMMARY
A primary object of the present invention is to provide an invalid
chair having a linkage which enables it to avoid the disadvantages
of the prior art chairs.
According to the present invention there is provided an invalid
chair comprising a chair base, a seat portion, a back rest, linkage
interconnecting the chair base, seat portion and back rest to
raised positions and thereby assist an occupant in rising from a
sitting position, the back rest being connected to the chair base
by a quadrilateral linkage including upper and lower links
extending forward from the lower part of the back rest to pivots on
the chair base, the seat portion being pivoted to the back rest or
to the upper link in the vicinity of the junction therebetween and
further linkage being provided whereby as the seat portion and back
rest are raised by the resilient means, the seat portion pivots to
an angular position where its forward end lies upwardly with
respect to the upper link and the inclination between the seat
portion and back rest is greater than the corresponding inclination
with the seat fully lowered.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Three embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of
example with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the
drawings:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a chair with the seat portion in its
lowered position;
FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1, but with the seat portion
in a raised position;
FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a second
embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 for the Second
embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a sectional side elevation on line B--B of FIG. 7 of the
operating mechanism of a chair according to the invention, showing
the chair itself in chain dotted outline;
FIG. 6 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 but showing the back rest
and seat portion in their raised positions as opposed to their
lowered positions, and;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the linkage in the configuration shown in
FIG. 5 in the direction of arrow A of FIG. 5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Reference should be made to both FIGS. 1 and 2, but most of the
individual components can be more clearly seen from FIG. 2 due to
the fact that they are more spaced apart in the raised position of
the chair.
A chair base comprises a flat rectangular frame 11 having two
square section steel side members 11a, cross members 11b and 11c,
upwardly projecting rear support 12 at the rear corners, and
upwardly projecting forward supports 13 at the front corners. The
supports 12 and 13 are pillars near the corners of the frame 11 for
co-operating with two identical linkages formed from steel tubes
and bars, one at each side of the chair. Only one such linkage will
be described in detail in view of the identity between the two
linkages.
An upper, generally rearwardly extending link 14 is pivoted to the
forward projection 13 near the top thereof at 15. A lower generally
rearwardly extending link 16 extends substantially parallel to the
link 14 at a position spaced below the link 14. The forward end of
the link 16 is pivoted at 17 to a small bracket 18 on the support
13 so that the pivot point 17 lies behind the pivot point 15. At
their rear ends, the two links 14 are joined by a rear link 19 to
which they are pivoted at 20 and 21 respectively. The rear link 19
is substantially vertical in the lowered position of the chair as
shown in FIG. 1, but the geometry of the quadrilateral linkage
formed by links 14, 16 and 19 and the fixed link constituted by an
imaginery line on the frame joining points 15 and 17 is such that
the link 19 undergoes a small degree of rotation in an
anti-clockwise direction as shown in the drawings as it is raised
from the lowered position shown in FIG. 1 to the raised position
shown in FIG. 2.
A seat portion 23 which may be a padded substantially flat
platform, with a steel frame is pivoted at 20 and engages the link
19 through a bracket 24 and an adjusting screw 25. The screw 25
provides an adjustable lost motion connection between the link 19
and the seat portion as will be described below. After this lost
motion has been taken up, the screw 25 engages the link 19 and then
the seat portion 23 and the link 19 are coupled together so that
they move and rotate in unison. Thus, as the link 19 tilts during
raising movement the seat portion 23 also raises and tilts
simultaneously. There is also an associated forward movement of the
link 19 and of the seat portion 23. The angle of the seat portion
23 in its raised position may be adjusted to suit various invalids
by adjustment of the screw 25 which varies the angle between the
seat portion 23 and the rear links 19.
The seat is also provided with a back rest 26 which, as shown in
FIG. 1, has an adjustable upper portion 27 which may be itself or
may incorporate a detachable head rest. The back rest is formed as
a continuation of the link 19 so that it also pivots and moves with
the link 19. However, during initial tilting movement from the
lowered position shown in FIG. 1, the seat portion tilts at a
faster rate than does the back rest due to the lost motion
associated with the screw 25. Thus, in the raised position the back
rest is still near vertical when the seat portion is fully tilted.
This position of the back rest has the advantage of enabling a
patient to lean against the back rest whilst in the process of
sitting down, but without having to bend forward to conform to an
excessively tilted back rest.
The upper link 14 has a downward and forward extension 28 which is
connected to a tension spring 29 which extends between the lower
end of the extension 28 and a fixture 31 on the frame.
The lower ends of the two downward extensions are in practice
joined by a cross member which carries several springs such as 29
between the cross members and the fixture 31, which in such a case
extends across the chair between the two side members 11a.
The operation of the chair is substantially in accordance with the
operation of the chair disclosed in the said co-pending application
and for this reason it is considered that a detailed explanation is
not necessary. In brief, with the seat portion 23 in its raised
position, an invalid leans against and partially lowers himself
through a short distance into the seat, the springs 29 having been
adjusted to hold the chair in its raised position, despite part of
the weight of the patient being supported by the chair. The patient
then leans back, which increases the load on the seat portion and
causes the seat to be lowered gently against the effort of the
springs 29. Because the seat lifts up relatively high and comes
well forward as well as tilting, the patient can initially lean
back against the chair without having to lower himself
substantially, similarly the combined lowered, tilting and moving
back of the seat portion can be carried out with the patient's feet
on the ground and without substantial bending of the knees. As in
the said co-pending application, suitable means should preferably
be provided for locking the seat portion in the lowered position,
so that the patient once seated can move freely without fear of
ejection from the chair. When a patient desires to rise from the
chair, the locking mechanism is released while the patient leans
back and thereafter the patient leans forward to decrease the load
on the seat portion so that the effort of the spring or springs 29
raises the seat portion and the patient to the raised position
shown in FIG. 2. In this position, the patient is near to a
standing position and can then complete the standing motion himself
without difficulty.
In this way, a patient who is capable of walking but not capable of
sitting into or standing up from a conventional chair without
assistance becomes more independent of assistance.
The chair shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 corresponds in many respects to
the chair shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 where suitable similar reference
numerals have been used, but with the prefix "1." One primary
distinction is that the irregular quadrilateral linkage has been
replaced in FIGS. 3 and 4 by a parallelogram linkage having upper
and lower links 114 and 116 and a rear link 119. Substantially
midway along these longitudinal links 114 and 116 there is a
further link 51 parallel to the link 119 and having an upward and
forward extension 52 carrying a roller 53. The roller 53 engages
with the underside of the seat portion 123. In use, as the chair is
tilted from the position shown in FIG. 3 towards the position shown
in FIG. 4, the roller 53 swings in an arc and in turn tends to
swing the seat portion 123 away from the upper link 114 so that the
degree of tilting of the seat portion 123 is less than the
corresponding degree of tilt of the link 114. As in previous
embodiment, the back rest 126 is coupled to the rear link 119 and
remains substantially upright.
The embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 also incorporates a leg rest
as disclosed in the said Morse-Brown Patent. The leg rest 57 is
connected at a pivot 54 to a forward and downward extension of the
seat portion 123 in order to support the rear part of the leg rest
near the forward edge of the seat portion. A link 55 joins the leg
rest near the forward part thereof to the forward extension 128 of
the upper link 114. In this way, as can be seen by a comparison,
between FIGS. 3 and 4, the leg rest moves from a substantially
vertical position under the forward edge of the seat portion when
the seat portion is raised to a leg supporting position in front of
the seat portion when the seat portion is lowered. The leg rest of
FIGS. 3 and 4 could be incorporated in the chair of FIGS. 1 and
2.
Reference should now be made to FIGS. 5 through 7 in which a third
and preferred embodiment is described.
The chair of FIGS. 5 to 7 comprises a chair base 111 constituted by
two upholstered side portions forming arms of the chair and joined
together at the front and rear edges thereof by further framework
and upholstered panels, (not shown). The chair base may be of any
conventional furniture construction such as a timber frame covered
with padding and upholstery material or with hardboard or similar
material covered in any upholstery material. The chair base is
supported on two forward castors 101 and two rear-fixed feet 102 to
enable the chair to be moved easily when tilted on its castors, but
to prevent inadvertent movement.
The chair also comprises a seat portion 112 and a back rest 113 and
both the seat portion 112 and back rest 113 may similarly be
constructed using normal furniture techniques. The seat portion 112
requires a rigid lower rear edge and rigid lower side edges for
mounting purposes and similarly the back rest 113 requires rigid
side portions near its lower edge for mounting purposes. The type
of construction should cater for these requirements.
The seat portion 112 and back rest 113 are mounted in the chair
base 111 by means of a linkage and this linkage itself is mounted
on a sub-frame comprised by two side plates 114 which in use are
bolted or otherwise secured in the chair base. The side plates 114
are generally L-shaped and at their forward upper edge incorporate
pivots 115 for the forward end of an upper link 116. The side
plates also incorporate two pivots 117 below and slightly to the
rear of the pivots 115 and these pivots 117 support the forward end
of a lower link 118. At their rear ends, the upper and lower links
116 and 118 carry rear links 119 connected thereto by pivots 21 and
22 respectively. The links 116, 118 and 119 together with the
portion of the side plates between the pivots 115 and 117 together
form a quadrilateral linkage. The upper link is formed from two
longitudinal square section steel tubes joined together near their
rear ends by a square section tube 123. The lower link 118 is
formed from two longitudinal steel strips joined together near
their rear ends by a square section steel tube. The rear link 119
is formed from two individual steel plates.
The forward end of the link 116 incorporates two downward
extensions 125 which are joined by an angle section cross member
126. A similar angle cross member 127 is connected to the cross
member 124 of the lower link by means of long bolts 128 and
corresponding nuts 129 so that the position of the angle member 127
with respect to the cross member 124 is adjustable. A series of
tension springs 131 are connected between the angle member 126 and
the angle member 127. The number of springs which are used is
variable in that some of the fifteen springs shown in FIG. 7 can be
removed if desired. Similarly, the tension of these springs is
adjustable by means of the bolts 128. These springs exert a tilting
movement on the upper link tending to pivot it in an upward
direction with respect to the forward pivot 115 and thereby tend to
pivot the whole quadrilateral linkage towards the position shown in
FIG. 6. In this position, the rear link 119 contacts the cross
member 123 and acts as a stop against further movement.
The rear link 119 carries the back rest 113 by means of a pair of
arms 132 which are pivotted to the pivot 121 and are angularly
adjustable through a small angle with respect to the link 119 by
virtue of quadrants 133 incorporating a series of bolt holes 134 by
means of which the arms 132 may be secured at a series of angular
positions to the link 119. The angular adjustment is provided to
enable the chair to be adjusted for different occupants or
different users.
The seat portion 112 is pivotted to the cross member 123 by means
of hinges 135. Thus, in the absence of further linkage, the seat
portion 112 would rest on and rise with the upper link 116 to the
near vertical position shown in FIG. 6. However, this degree of
tilting is undesirable because it would tend to result in an
occupant of the chair being tilted forward rather than lifted up
and for this reason additional linkage in the form of bell crank
levers 136 is provided. Two bell crank levers 136 are pivotted at
137 to the upper link substantially mid-way along its length. The
forward ends of the bell crank levers 136 carry rollers 137 which
engage with the undersurface of the seat portion 112. The rear and
downwardly extending parts of the bell crank levers 136 engage with
rollers 139 secured to fixed pivots 140 on the lower links 118.
Thus, as the linkage, seat portion and back rest rise from the
lowered position under the influence of the springs, the back rest
tilts forward slightly from a normal angled position to a
substantially upright position. This angular movement takes place
because the pivot 117 is behind the pivot 115 and the link 118 is
shorter than the link 116. Also, the movement of the links 116 and
118 tilts the bell crank 136 with respect to these links so that
rollers 138 tilt the seat portion 112 with respect to the links 116
in a direction towards the seat back 113. It should be observed
that in the raised position shown in FIG. 6, the actual inclination
of the seat portion is between the inclination it would have if it
moved with the link 116 and the inclination it would have it if
moved with the seat back 113 at a fixed inclination thereto. This
intermediate inclination overcomes the disadvantages associated
with both extreme inclinations, namely that the occupant is
respectively either pushed forward with insufficient lift or is
lifted up with insufficient forward tilting to bring the occupant
to a standing position.
In order to hold the seat portion and back rest in their lowermost
position against the pressure of the springs 131, a latch member
142 is provided on a transverse rod 143 which extends between the
two side plates 114. The latch member 142 co-operates with a pin
141 which is mounted on the transverse member 124 of the lower link
as best seen in FIG. 7. The latch member 142 is operable to release
the pin 141 by means of a rod 144 extending up towards the forward
edge of the arm portions of the chair base 111 to a push button
146. A spring 145 tends to hold the latch member in its engaged
position. The rod 144, spring 145 and push button 146 may be
duplicated on both sides of the chair.
* * * * *