U.S. patent number 3,851,825 [Application Number 05/359,948] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-03 for leak-proof laminar flow device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Standard Inc.. Invention is credited to Barry S. Fichter, Richard G. Parkison.
United States Patent |
3,851,825 |
Parkison , et al. |
December 3, 1974 |
LEAK-PROOF LAMINAR FLOW DEVICE
Abstract
This invention covers a fluid flow device for a spout, the
device producing a single laminar flow stream and being
substantially free of leakage. The device embodies an upstream
perforated disk yielding divergent jets of water, two (or more)
curved screens downstream of the disk and pointed in the downstream
direction, and a body having a ledge or ledges upon which the
screens are mounted and having a discharge port of reduced diameter
emitting a single laminar stream which is substantially splashless
within a range of practical fluid flow rates. The perforated disk
also includes a so-called crush ring molded peripherally at the
upstream end of the disk, the crush ring contacting a flat ring
within the faucet spout to form a barrier or obstruction to prevent
leakage through the threaded segments of the device.
Inventors: |
Parkison; Richard G.
(Somerville, NJ), Fichter; Barry S. (Dunellen, NJ) |
Assignee: |
American Standard Inc. (New
York, NY)
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Family
ID: |
26988485 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/359,948 |
Filed: |
May 14, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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332982 |
Feb 15, 1973 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
239/590.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03C
1/086 (20130101); E03C 1/084 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03C
1/086 (20060101); E03C 1/02 (20060101); E03C
1/084 (20060101); B05b 001/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/590.3,553.3,428.5
;285/328,423 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Kashnikow; Andres
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Ehrlich; Jefferson Crooks; Robert
G.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of our application Ser.
No. 332,982, filed Feb. 15, 1973, assigned to the same assignee,
said earlier application disclosing aerating apparatus for spouts
and faucets. The present application discloses non-aerating
apparatus, i.e., apparatus which does not receive air to be mixed
with water for the discharge of a fluid combining water and the
received air.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A non-aerated device for attachment to a spout or faucet for
converting the water randomly flowing through the spout or faucet
into a single laminar stream substantially free of air, said device
comprising a disk having a plurality of substantially equal
parallel jet-forming perforations therein parallel to the axis of
said device, said disk including means overhanging said
perforations for causing the water flowing through said
perforations to diverge so that the water jets are divergent in
form as they exit from said perforations, said disk also having
peripheral openings for receiving water which does not flow through
said perforations; and a plurality of screens positioned downstream
from said disk and forming a region of sub-atmospheric pressure
between said disk and said screens, the screen nearest said disk
having a mesh which is coarser than the screen farthest from said
disk, and said screens being of spherical or concaval shapes
bulging toward the downstream direction in said device, said device
being further arranged so that water which passes through said
peripheral openings in said disk is drawn into said region of
sub-atmospheric pressure and is there joined with said water jets
exiting from said perforations in said disk, and said device having
its smallest internal cross-sectional area at its discharge
end.
2. A non-aerated device in accordance with claim 1, in which the
perforations in the disk are substantially rectangular in cross
section.
3. A non-aerated device in accordance with claim 1, in which the
diverging means of the disk provides paths adjacent the
perforations of the disk to channel the water entering the
perforations in directions which differ from the axial directions
of the respective perforations.
4. A non-aerated device in accordance with claim 1, in which the
peripheries of the respective screens are positioned along
respective parallel transverse planes spaced from each other.
5. A non-aerated device for attachment to a spout or faucet for
producing a substantially laminar stream, comprising a body
attachable to the discharge end of the spout or faucet, a
perforated disk mounted within the body near its upstream end for
converting incoming water into a plurality of jet streams, said
disk including overhanging segments to cause the water entering the
apertures of the disk to be rendered turbulent, said disk having
peripheral openings which are shielded from the apertures of the
disk so as to substantially preclude the flow of water through said
peripheral openings, and means for dividing the jet streams into
small water components so that they may be coordinated, said means
including a plurality of screens adjacent to, but upstream of, the
discharge end of the body, said screens being concavally curved and
their curvatures being pointed in the downstream direction, the
discharge end of the body having the smallest cross-sectional
dimension of the body to taper the discharged stream, whereby the
discharged stream emanating from the device will be a single
coordinated laminar non-aerated stream.
6. A device according to claim 5 in which the meshes of the screens
are different, the finer meshed screens being adjacent the
discharge end of the device.
7. A device according to claim 6 in which the disk has a continuous
peripheral protruding lip cylindrically formed on the upstream side
of the disk tending to divert incoming water to the perforations of
the disk.
8. A device for attachment to a spout or faucet for converting the
water randomly flowing through the spout or faucet into a single
laminated stream substantially free of air, comprising a disk
having a plurality of substantially equal parallel axially aligned
jet-forming perforations therein, said disk including means for
diverging the water flowing through said perforations so that the
emitted water jets are divergent as they exit from the
perforations, a plurality of screens positioned downstream of the
disk and forming a sub-atmospheric pressure region between the disk
and said screens, the screen nearest the disk having a mesh which
is coarser than the screen farthest from the disk, said screens
being of spherical or concaval shapes and pointed in the downstream
direction, the device having its smallest internal cross-sectional
area at its discharge port, the disk including peripheral openings
for receiving water which does not flow through said perforations,
the latter water being drawn into the sub-atmospheric region and
being joined to the jets emitted by the disk.
9. A device for attachment to a spout or faucet for producing a
substantially laminar stream, comprising a body attachable to the
discharge end of the spout or faucet, a perforated disk mounted
within the body near its upstream end for converting incoming water
into a plurality of jet streams, said disk including overhanging
segments to cause the water entering the apertures of the disk to
be rendered turbulent, and means for dividing the jet streams into
small water components so that they may be coordinated, said means
including a plurality of screens adjacent to, but upstream of, the
discharge end of the body, said screens being concavally curved and
their curvatures being pointed in the downstream direction, the
meshes of the screens being different, the finer meshed screens
being adjacent the discharge end of the body, the discharge end of
the body having the smallest cross-sectional dimension of the body
to taper the discharged stream, whereby the discharged stream
emanating from the body will be a single coordinated laminar
non-aerated stream, the disk including peripheral openings
communicating with the space intervening between the disk and said
screens to draw water which avoids the perforations of the
disk.
10. A device for attachment to a spout or faucet for producing a
substantially laminar stream, comprising a body attachable to the
discharge end of the spout or faucet, a perforated disk mounted
within the body near its upstream end for converting incoming water
into a plurality of jet streams, said disk including overhanging
segments to cause the water entering the apertures of the disk to
be rendered turbulent, and means for dividing the jet streams into
small water components so that they may be coordinated, said means
including a plurality of screens adjacent to, but upstream of, the
discharge end of the body, said screens being concavally curved and
their curvatures being pointed in the downstream direction, the
meshes of the screens being different, the finer meshed screens
being adjacent the discharge end of the body, the discharge end of
the body having the smallest cross-sectional dimension of the body
to taper the discharged stream, whereby the discharged stream
emanating from the body will be a single coordinated laminar
non-aerated stream, the disk including peripheral openings
communicating with the space intervening between the disk and said
screens to draw water which avoids the perforations of the disk,
and the disk having a continuous peripheral protruding lip on the
upstream side of the disk tending to divert incoming water to the
perforations of the disk.
Description
This invention relates to spouts and faucets and, more
particularly, to non-aerated devices attachable or otherwise
connectable to spouts and faucets for producing a laminar flow from
the spouts or faucets. More particularly, this invention relates to
such non-aerated devices which are substantially free of leakage
through the threaded or other segments employed for attaching the
device to the spouts or faucets.
Heretofore, an aerator device of any conventional type was
connected to a spout or faucet for producing a laminar stream. The
aerator device, as is well known, embodies a jet-producing
perforated diaphragm or disk, as well as an opening of some size
for receiving air which is to be mixed with the jets of water
traversing the diaphragm or disk to form a stream containing a
mixture of water and air to be discharged by the aerator device.
Such a device is costly and, moreover, may receive dirt or filth or
other contaminants through the opening through which the air is
admitted into the device. Furthermore, the air volume for a
relatively good aerator device is something approximating 50
percent of the volume of water traversing the aerator and, as soon
as the mixture of air and water leaves the device, the air
disperses rather rapidly. Hence, a glass full of aerated water
would, in a very short time, reduce to about a half glass of water.
The above-noted factors are sometimes considered undesirable and
they have handicapped the use of aerator devices.
According to the present invention, a non-aerated device is
disclosed for connection to a spout or faucet for yielding a single
laminar flow stream substantially free of air and substantially
splashless upon impact against the basin or other object against
which it is directed. The device also is constructed so as to be
substantially free of leakage, notwithstanding the unavoidable
miniature openings provided by the threads of the device used for
connection to a spout or faucet.
The device of this invention will include an apertured diaphragm or
disk at the upstream end of the body of the device, two or more
screens all curved in the downstream direction and positioned on a
ledge or ledges of the body of the device at a position downstream
of the diaphragm or disk, and the body will have a discharge port
which will be relatively smaller than the internal cross-sectional
dimensions of the body of the device to discharge water in the form
of a single laminar stream. The diaphragm or disk preferably will
include means for converting water entering the device into a
plurality of water jets, each jet diverging as it leaves its
opening in the diaphragm or disk. The diverging jets emanating from
the openings of the diaphragm or disk will travel through a
relatively low pressure region to reach the curved screens which
serve to coordinate the fluid components of the various jets to
yield, through the discharge port of the device, a coordinated
single laminar stream. Furthermore, the diaphragm or disk of the
device will include a superimposed crush ring, usually brought into
steady contact with a flat peripheral plate contained within the
spout or faucet to which the device is threadedly connected so as
to confine the water path to the region of the openings of the
diaphragm or disk, but any water passing over the rim of the crush
ring will be sucked into the main water path of the device by
virtue of the reduced pressure developed in the space between the
diaphragm or disk and the uppermost screen. Hence, leakage from the
device will be minimized, if not fully eliminated.
This invention will be better and more clearly understood from the
more detailed description and explanation hereinafter following
when read in connection with the accompanying drawing exhibiting
certain forms of the device for attachment to spouts or faucets in
which:
FIG. 1 shows one form of the spout-end device, such as is involved
in the present invention, applied to a spout or faucet;
FIG. 2 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of one form of
the spout-end device according to this invention, taken along lines
2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 represents an enlarged top plan view of the disk or
diaphragm employed in this invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of the disk or
diaphragm taken along lines 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 designates an enlarged bottom plan view of the disk or
diaphragm as shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 shows an enlarged partial segmental view of the crush ring
structure; and
FIG. 7 shows an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of another
form of the spout-end structure according to this invention.
The same or similar reference characters will be employed to
designate the same or similar parts wherever they may occur
throughout the drawing.
Referring to the drawing, and especially to FIGS. 2 to 5, there is
shown a generally cylindrical body 1 in which are mounted, at or
near the top of the body 1, a perforated diaphragm or disk 2 and
two screens 3 and 4, both of which are formed at different
curvatures in the downstream direction. These four components are
all that are required to practice the invention in producing a
substantially single laminar splashless stream of water
substantially free of aeration.
It will be observed from FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 that the diaphragm or
disk 2 includes, for illustration, three concentric groups of
substantially identical perforations or apertures designated 5, 6
and 7, each group having overhanging projections 8, 9 and 10 so
that incoming water randomly received from the supply pipe will be
formed into groups of corresponding concentric jets of water
determined by the number of perforations in the disk 2. The
overhanging projections 8, 9 and 10 will cause the incoming water
to be deflected toward the centers of the individual apertures as
it enters the upstream end of the diaphragm 2, thereby producing,
as each jet stream leaves its aperture of the diaphragm 2, a
diverging water jet upon entrance into the low pressure region 11.
These various divergent jets will be caused to traverse the curved
screens 3 and 4 which may have different meshes, the upstream
screen 3, for example, having a coarser mesh than the downstream
screen 4. These screens 3 and 4 coordinate the many divergent jets
into a substantially continuous stream which is confined within the
bevelled wall 12 of the body 1. The coordinated stream of water
will reach the discharge port 13 and will exit as a single laminar
stream substantially free of air.
Thus, water travelling through a spout or faucet, whether in a
lavatory or a kitchen fixture, will be formed by the apertured disk
2 into a plurality of water jets which are not cylindrical but are
substantially divergent, i.e., frusto-conical, and these divergent
or frusto-conical water jets will be caused to coalesce and
coordinate in their passage through the screens 3 and 4 and then
become fully unified as they leave the reduced diameter discharge
port 13, thereby developing and producing a single laminar stream
substantially free of air.
The screen 3 is shown mounted on a peripheral ledge 14. If desired,
two or more identically curved screens may be mounted on ledge 14,
the screens being fully in contact with each other. The screen 4 is
shown supported at the upper rim of the bevelled step 12. If
desired, two or more identically curved screens may be located at
the top of step 12. It will be understood that the screens 3 and 4
may be oversized screens which are press-fitted into their
respective positions within the housing 1.
The diaphragm 2 embodies a crush ring 16 which is superimposed upon
and is preferably molded into the upstream side of the diaphragm 2.
The crush ring 16 is generally brought into intimate contact with
the underside of a substantially flat ring 17 which may be part of
the conventional spout or faucet 18 to which the body 1 is
threadedly connected at 19. The crush ring 16, when it is brought
into firm contact with the flat ring 17, deforms somewhat as shown
in FIG. 6 and presents a barrier or dam tending to plug the device
against water leakage over the rim or dam formed by crush ring 16
and through the crevices of the threaded segment 19 which connects
body 1 to faucet 18. The seal thus provided against water leakage,
which is effected by having the ring 16 in firm contact with the
flat ring 17, will ofttimes be sufficient to achieve the intended
objective. However, the diaphragm 2 embodies a plurality of
peripheral openings 20 which aid in rendering the device
substantially leak-proof, especially under higher water pressures.
The peripheral openings 20 communicate through openings 21 with the
low pressure chamber region 11 which creates a suction, that is, a
pressure below atmospheric pressure in the region between crush
ring 16 and the threads 19. The suction will attract any water
reaching beyond the crush ring 16 into the openings 20 and 21 due
to the reduced pressure in chamber region 11, causing any such
leakage to be diverted to join the jet streams reaching the chamber
region 11. Thus, water leakage is effectively eliminated and at the
same time, any such water traversing the openings 20 and 21 will be
combined with and added to the water jets formed by apertured disk
2, then forming the single laminar stream discharged through the
discharge port 13.
The body 1 may include a peripheral opening or openings 22 which
are designed to receive a special key (not shown) used for
threadedly driving the body 1 into firm contact within the spout or
faucet 18 or for removing the device 1 from the spout or faucet 18.
The openings 22 do not communicate with the chamber region 11 and
hence air is not drawn into the device 1.
The screen 3 is a relatively heavy screen of, say, 24 .times. 24
mesh. The other screen 4 is preferably of a finer mesh, such as 40
.times. 40 mesh. The discharge port 13 -- the narrowest segment of
body 1 -- may have a diameter of, say, 0.650 inches. The chamber
region 11 may have a substantial sub-atmospheric pressure when
water flows therethrough.
A modified form of device for generating a single laminar stream is
shown in FIG. 7. This device includes a body 30, a similar
perforated disk 2, and three curved contiguous screens 31, 32 and
33 which are in intimate contact with each other and mounted on a
tapered ledge 34, all screens being pointed downstream, as shown.
The body 30 has a second tapered ledge 35 separated from ledge 34
by a narrow cylindrical wall segment 36. A similar body structure
for non-aerated fluid flow is disclosed in Pat. No. 3,730,439 of
Richard G. Parkison, issued May 1, 1973. The discharge port 37
feeds a single laminar stream substantially free of air. The
modified device of FIG. 7 is, of course, threadedly connectable to
a faucet, such as 18 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. When so connected, it
will convert the random flowing water traversing the faucet 18 and
turning the sharp corner adjacent its end into a smooth laminar
single stream which is coordinated through its travel to the basin
of a sink or lavatory and is substantially splashless as it strikes
the basin or any other object.
In the forms of spout-end structures shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, a
pressurized turbulent stream, fed through a spout from a
conventional water supply pipe, is divided by the perforated disk 2
into a plurality of frusto-conical water jets which are composed of
water particles spreading out as they travel downwardly through a
chamber region, such as 11, which is at subatmospheric pressure.
Then the jet streams encounter screens which act to finely divide
the applied water jets into finer particles and confine all of the
water components to a relatively narrow discharge port, such as 13,
to yield a single laminar non-aerated stream. The spout-end
structure also embodies a mechanism for preventing water leakage by
causing the same sub-atmospheric pressure chamber region to suck
into the main water stream the water that might otherwise leak
through the threaded region 19.
Although FIGS. 2 and 7 respectively illustrate two and three
substantially curved screens for explanatory purposes. Any number
of similarly curved screens may be interposed between the
perforated disk 2 and the discharge port 13. If the screens are
spaced from each other as shown in FIG. 2, the screens should
preferably have substantially different meshes, but they should be
arranged so that the finest meshes are at the downstream end and
the coarsest meshes are nearest to disk 2. If the screens are in
intimate contact with each other as shown in FIG. 7, the screens
may have identical sturdy meshes and their meshes should be
arranged to have different angular positions with respect to each
other.
Although the disk 2 has been exemplified as having substantially
rectangular apertures (see FIG. 5), these apertures alternatively
may be circular, elliptical or of any other desired cross-section.
The disk should include means for diverging the plural jet streams
and the diverging means may be molded or otherwise formed either on
the upstream side of the disk, as shown, or on its downstream
side.
Common to the two spout-end structures illustrated, for example, in
FIGS. 2 and 7, are a perforated diaphragm, such as 2, a plurality
of screens, such as the two spaced screens 3 and 4 shown in FIG. 2,
or the three contiguous screens shown in FIG. 7, and an
intermediate space or chamber 11 providing a region of
sub-atmospheric pressure between the disk 2 and the specified
screens. The sub-atmospheric pressure is developed principally by
the high velocity jet streams traversing the apertures in the disk
2. These jet streams, as already noted, are frusto-conical in
contour, and the slope of the contour in a confined space such as
11 depends upon a number of factors, such as the pressure of the
incoming water reaching the disk 2, the number of apertures in the
disk 2, their cross-sectional areas and their shapes, etc. The
presence of sub-atmospheric pressure during the flow of water
serves to change the slope of the several jet streams traversing
the disk 2 so that the jet streams may reach outwardly, whereby
adjacent streams will tend to more clearly overlap each other.
Virtually the entire surface of the screens will then be supplied
with water. The sub-atmospheric pressure region also introduces the
suction effect which acts to diminish, if not eliminate, possible
leakage over the dam 16 and through the threaded segment 19. The
several screens will break down the traversing water components
into finely divided, quite minute water particles so that they may
be coordinated and coalesced. Aided by the sloping walls, such as
12 of FIG. 2, and 34 and 35 of FIG. 7 of the body 1, and aided also
by the curvatures of the screens which are pointed in the
downstream direction, the water elements will be joined together
into a single, well confined stream which is emitted as a
non-aerated stream through the discharge port designated 13 in FIG.
2 and designated 37 in FIG. 7. The stream will also be
substantially splashless.
* * * * *