U.S. patent number 3,850,819 [Application Number 05/283,928] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-26 for low fuming spin finish for nylon weaving yarns.
This patent grant is currently assigned to ICI United States Inc.. Invention is credited to Barry Michael Shay.
United States Patent |
3,850,819 |
Shay |
November 26, 1974 |
LOW FUMING SPIN FINISH FOR NYLON WEAVING YARNS
Abstract
A lubricating composition useful in the processing of nylon
yarns consisting of 30 to 50 percent vegetable oils and
trimethylolalkane esters of fatty acids having 8 to 10 carbon
atoms, 10 to 30 percent imidazolinium alkyl sulfates, and 20 to 60
percent of an emulsifier selected from a group consisting of
alkoxylated fatty acid esters of sorbitan and sorbitol and
alkoxylated alkyl phenols.
Inventors: |
Shay; Barry Michael
(Wilmington, DE) |
Assignee: |
ICI United States Inc.
(Wilmington, DE)
|
Family
ID: |
23088172 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/283,928 |
Filed: |
August 25, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
252/8.84;
8/115.6 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06M
13/224 (20130101); D06M 13/473 (20130101); D06M
15/53 (20130101); D06M 7/00 (20130101); C10M
2207/404 (20130101); C10M 2209/104 (20130101); C10M
2207/281 (20130101); D06M 2200/40 (20130101); C10M
2219/042 (20130101); C10M 2207/283 (20130101); C10M
2207/282 (20130101); C10M 2201/02 (20130101); C10N
2040/46 (20200501); C10M 2207/286 (20130101); C10M
2215/224 (20130101); C10M 2207/40 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D06M
15/53 (20060101); D06M 15/37 (20060101); D06M
13/473 (20060101); D06M 13/224 (20060101); D06M
13/00 (20060101); D06m 013/46 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/138.8N,139.5A,139.5F ;252/8.75 ;8/115.6 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lechert, Jr.; Stephen J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A nylon spin finish composition which is compatible with
polyacrylic acid size applied therewith consisting essentially
of:
a. 30-50 percent of lubricant selected from the group consisting of
soybean oil, coconut oil, triesters of fatty acids having 8 to 10
carbon atoms of 1,1,1-trimethylolethane and
1,1,1-trimethylolpropane;
b. 10-30 percent by weight of diethyl sulfate quarternary of
1-hydroxy ethyl-2-heptadecenyl-imidazoline;
c. 20-60 percent by weight of an emulsifier selected from the group
consisting of polyoxyethylene (20)sorbitan monolaurate,
polyoxyethylene(8) nonylphenol and polyoxyethylene(40)sorbitol
hexaoleate.
2. A composition of claim 1 consisting essentially of 50 percent by
weight trimethylol ethane tripelargonate; 25 percent
polyoxyethylene(8)nonylphenol and 25 percent by weight
diethylsulfate quarternary of 1-hydroxyethyl-2-heptadecenyl
imidazoline.
3. A composition of claim 1 consisting essentially of 40 percent by
weight trimethylolethane tripelargonate; 30 percent by weight
polyoxyethylene(8)nonylphenol and 30 percent by weight diethyl
sulfate quarternary of 1-hydroxyethyl-2-heptadecenyl
imidazoline.
4. An aqueous emulsion of the compositions of claim 1 containing
97-65 percent water.
Description
The present invention relates to textile lubricating compositions
that resist degradation and fuming in high temperature applications
to nylon fibers and which will not adversely affect the application
of polyacrylic acid size overcoatings applied thereafter.
In the preparation of yarns suitable for textile manufacture it is
necessary to apply a lubricant to the filaments to permit
processing of the yarn with minimum difficulty. As is well known in
the art, selection of a suitable lubricant composition is not
readily made since many diverse requirements are imposed on the
lubricant composition by the nature of a yarn's end use and the
manner in which it is manufactured. Of particular concern in high
temperature processing is the formation of hard insoluble resins
and the fuming of the finish when contacting heated surfaces.
Usually these surfaces are heated above the boiling point of water
which is a major solvent for many spin compositions and can be
evaporated without causing health problems in the atmosphere
surrounding the processing equipment. However, most compositions
either because they degrade or because they contain violatile
components form noxious vapors which are irritating to those
working in and around such equipment.
Previously the use of high temperature spin finishes required an
additional washing step to remove them from the fiber prior to the
application of polyacrylic acid sizes because they were not
compatible with the finish coating.
The novel spin finishes of the present invention, therefore, solves
environmental problems as well as the problem of compatability with
polyacrylic acid sizes applied to the yarns.
It is the primary objective of this invention to provide a textile
spin finish composition suitable for use in the preparation of
nylon yarns employing high temperature processes and which are
subsequently treated with polyacrylic acid type sizes.
Another object is to provide nylon yarns having a lubricant finish
and a polyacrylic acid size overfilm.
These and other apparent objects are obtained in accordance with
the invention by the application to the nylon filament of an
aqueous composition containing about 1 to 35 percent of a spin
finish consisting essentially of 30 to 50 percent by weight of a
lubricant selected from soybean oil, coconut oil or
1,1,1-trimethylol alkane triesters of fatty acids having 8 to 10
carbon atoms; 10 to 30 percent of
1-hydroxyethyl-2-heptadecenyl-imidazoline as an antistatic agent;
and 20 to 60 percent weight of one or more of the following
emulsifiers: polyoxyethylene (20)sorbitan monolaurate,
polyoxyethylene(8)nonylphenol, and a surfactant made by condensing
40 mols of ethyleneoxide with a mol of sorbitol hexaoleate
containing 15 percent by weight water.
In the conventional manufacture of yarn from polyhexamethylene
adipamide, polycaproamide or other known nylon compositions
primarily designed as weaving yarns, the nylon yarn comes into
contact with a plurality of heated rolls. In one typical process,
nylon polymer is melt spun and the resulting filament strands are
passed around a roll having at least one surface immersed in a bath
of lubricating finish. Strands leaving the finished roll are
converged by means of a guide. The yarn is then fed by a feed roll
to a draw pin and then to first stage draw rolls. In this step,
part of the total drawing that is to occur is applied. The yarn
then passes over a heated tube and from there to a second stage
draw roll where the remainder of the draw is imparted. The drawn
yarn is then wound in the conventional manner. The heated tube
referred to can serve to preheat the yarn as it passes over second
stage draw rolls. A typical hot tube temperature is in the range of
about 185.degree. to 190.degree.C. The second stage draw rolls are
heated to about 225.degree.C. This temperature serves to volatilize
part of the finish that is present on the yarn and aggravates
oxidizing conditions, resulting in gum or resin formation. During
this operation, the decomposition of the finish ingredients fill
the atmosphere around the draw and spin equipment and serve as
serious irritants to the operators thereof. In using the finish
composition of the present invention the down-time of equipment is
substantially reduced thereby increasing the efficiency of the
operation and the personnel required to operate it.
Prior to weaving nylon fabrics, a film forming material called a
size is applied to both spun and filament yarns in an operation
called slashing in order to strengthen and protect these yarns from
the abrasive action of the weaving process. While starch and
gellatin based sizes have been used for many years on regenerated
cellulose and acetate yarns, these sizing materials do not function
properly on nylon yarns due to a combination of poor yarn wetting
properties and a lack of adequate adhesion between the size and the
yarn. In addition, many spin finish systems employed to insure
proper spinning, drawing, and packaging of the yarn interfere
subsequently with the proper adhesion of the size to the yarn.
Polyacrylic acid sizes have been developed which offer excellent
adhesive properties suitable for nylon yarn applications due mainly
to the formation of a chemical bond between carboxyl groups in
polyacrylic acid and the amido groups in nylon. Several
manufacturers produce a complete line of polyacrylic acids sizes
which vary in their molecular weight and/or in the use of
copolymers or additives. Sizes have been developed for specific
nylon fiber applications such as low molecular weight polymer
(5,000 - 50,000) for easy penetration in the large fiber bundles
versus high molecular weight materials (50,000 - 250,000) for
application to fine denier nylons. Such materials are available as
aqueous solutions and are sold by B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co. as
Good-rite K-702, K-732, and K-714; by Rohm and Haas Co. as Acrysol
A-1, A-3; and by Polymer Industries, Inc. as Polyfilm 236 to name a
few. Sized yarns usually have coating of polyacrylic acid ranging
from 0.5 - 2 percent by weight of the yarn.
Prior art spin finishes such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,464,922; 3,402,127; 3,575,856; 3,338,830; 3,428,560; 3,421,935,
usually contain a combination of ingredients which function as the
lubricant, antistat and emulsifier. These are deficient for the
above described purposes either because they are incompatible with
the polyacrylic acids size, they do not function properly as a
lubricant at high temperatures or that they produce excessive
fuming.
The compositions of the present invention are prepared by mixing
the components to produce a homogeneous solution. Each of the
components employed is commercially available and can be used in
this invention as obtained without special treatment. For example,
any commercially available vegetable oil such as soybean oil and
coconut oil or tri-fatty acid esters such as caprylic, pelargonic,
capric and mixtures thereof of 1,1,1-trimethylolethane or
trimethylol propane can be mixed with commercially available
antistats such as diethyl sulfate quaternary of
1-hydroxyethyl-2-heptadecenylimidazoline and thereafter with 20 to
60 percent of one or more of the following emulsifiers such as
polyoxyethylene(20)sorbitan monolaurate,
polyoxyethylene(40)sorbitol hexaoleate, and
polyoxyethylene(8)-nonylphenol.
The finish is usually applied to the nylon yarn filament in amounts
from 0.5 to about 1.5 percent by weight of the yarn as aqueous
solutions containing 98 percent to about 65 percent water.
There are various methods for applying the finish to the yarn. In
one method the yarn passes in contact with a roller or wick
partially immersed in the aqueous finish compositions. The other
finish application methods consists of spraying, brushing or
immersing the yarn in aqueous finish composition baths such as
described in the spinning and drawing steps above.
Preferred finishes are formed by blending 40 to 60 percent
trimethylolethane tripelargonate, 20 to 35 percent
polyoxyethylene(8)nonylphenol and 20 to 30 percent diethylsulfate
quarternary of 1-hydroxyethyl-2-heptadecenyl imadazoline.
SIZE-SPIN COMPATABILITY TEST
A quick method has been devised for demonstrating the compatability
of polyacrylic acids sizes with spin finish compositions. Such a
test circumvents the longer procedure needed for coating nylon
yarns with finish and acrylic acid size compositions to demonstrate
compatability. The test is carried out by preparing a size bath
heated to 55.degree.C. and thereafter adding 2 percent by weight of
a finish composition to be tested. In the instant test, 2 baths
were prepared one containing 6.25 percent by weight of POLYFILM 236
and the other 6.25 percent solids of ACRYSOL A-3 both being
polyacrylic acid sizes manufactured by Polymer Industries, Inc. and
Rohm & Haas, respectively. These two sizes are considered
representative of the range of products commercially available.
After a five minute period of storage, the size/finish systems are
checked for compatability and any system that exhibits gross
separation is considered incompatible. If compatible, they are then
cast onto a TEFLON surface and dried in an oven at 70.degree.C. and
the films that result are evaluated. The finish is considered
compatible with the size if the films are non-tacky and similar in
appearance to those films cast from the size alone.
Nylon yarns and filaments having first been coated with the spin
finishes of the present invention are therefore compatible with
polyacrylic acid sizes readily commercially available by the
definition imparted by the above test. The test results further
indicate that when nylon is treated first with the spin finish and
thereafter with polyacrylic acid sizes that the size will function
as designed and will not suffer any loss in performance due to spin
finish incompatability problems.
The following example is presented to illustrate a preferred
composition of the invention but it is not intended to limit the
scope of the invention or its application.
EXAMPLE 1
A preferred spin finish is prepared by mixing the following
components:
Component % By Weight ______________________________________
1,1,1-trimethylolethane 50% tripelargonate
polyoxyethylene(8)nonylphenol 25% diethylsulfate quarternary of
1-hydroxyethyl-2-heptadecenyl- imidazoline 25%
______________________________________
The mix is then added to water and heated to about 50.degree.C. to
form an aqueous solution containing 85 percent water. The spin
finish requires no homogenization to form a stable emulsion.
The aqueous finish composition is then applied to a melt spun 185
denier/34 filament nylon 66 yarn at a point between the spinerette
and the bobbin used to take up the filaments. The yarn is thus
coated with 1 percent finish based on the yarn weight. These
filaments are then drawn on a conventional draw-winding machine
employing two sets of rolls; a draw-pin between said rolls, around
which the yarn is snug and thereafter into a takeup assembly in
which the yarn is wound on a cheese. Utilizing conventional
procedures, the yarn is then wound onto a beam and subsequently,
the sheet of yarns from the beam is passed through a slasher where
the sizing material such as Acrysol A3 is applied in aqueous
solutions.
The finish-polyacrylic size coated nylon upon examination exhibited
no tackiness or clouding of the surface. No noticeable separation
occurred in the size bath as the finished nylon passed through
it.
The slashed yarn is then ready for weaving. The yarn exhibits very
good lubricity, excellent bundle cohesion and good antistatic
properties during the weaving operation.
EXAMPLE 2
A spin finish is prepared by mixing the following components:
Component % By Weight ______________________________________
Trimethylolethane tri-C.sub.8.sub.-10 40% fatty acid ester
Polyoxyethylene(8)nonylphenol 30% Diethylsulfate quarternary of 30%
1-hydroxyethyl-2-heptadecenyl- imidazoline
______________________________________
Nylon fibers can be processed in a manner similar to Example 1 and
sized with several polyacrylic acid solutions having molecular
weights ranging in 5,000 - 10,000; less than 50,000; less than
150,000; and 180,000 - 220,000 to give coating weights of 0.5 - 2
percent by weight of the yarn. The yarns can be woven by many
techniques without abnormal difficulty.
* * * * *