U.S. patent number 3,850,041 [Application Number 05/385,686] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-26 for total stopping distance indicator.
Invention is credited to Herbert S. Seaman.
United States Patent |
3,850,041 |
Seaman |
November 26, 1974 |
TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE INDICATOR
Abstract
Disclosed is a total stopping distance indicator including a
speed responsive device that controls an indicator such as a
variable light source. The light source projects a variable beam of
light in front of an equipped vehicle. In one preferred embodiment
the intensity of the light beam is variable and in another
preferred embodiment the direction of the light beam is variable.
In either embodiment, the components of the system are adjusted so
that the light just reaches the fringe of the area required for a
safe stop at any given speed.
Inventors: |
Seaman; Herbert S. (Ashland,
MA) |
Family
ID: |
23522443 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/385,686 |
Filed: |
August 6, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
73/495;
340/435 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01P
1/08 (20130101); B60Q 9/008 (20130101); B60Q
2400/50 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60Q
1/52 (20060101); B60Q 1/50 (20060101); G01P
1/08 (20060101); G01P 1/00 (20060101); G01p
003/36 (); B60q 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;73/495,519 ;116/116
;340/62,104 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gill; James J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Toupal; John E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A motor vehicle stopping distance indicator for mounting on
motor vehicles and comprising:
speed responsive means for determining the speed of the vehicles;
and
a stopping indicator comprising a variable light source means for
projecting ahead of the vehicle a visible light beam having a
variable length responsive to said speed responsive means so as to
indicate the total safe stopping distance of the vehicle by making
the length of the projected beam equal to the distance normally
required to stop the vehicle under predetermined conditions.
2. An indicator according to claim 1 wherein said variable light
source means comprises variable orientation means for projecting
the beam of light in different directions with respect to the motor
vehicle.
3. An indicator according to claim 2 wherein said variable light
source means comprises strobe light source means.
4. An indicator according to claim 3 wherein said strobe light
source means comprises red strobe light source means.
5. An indicator according to claim 2 comprising bumper level
mounting means for mounting said variable light source means at
bumper level.
6. An indicator according to claim 1 wherein said variable light
source means comprises variable intensity light source means for
projecting a beam of light of a variable intensity.
7. An indicator according to claim 6 wherein said variable light
source means comprises strobe light source means.
8. An indicator according to claim 7 wherein said strobe light
source means comprises red strobe light source means.
9. An indicator according to claim 1 wherein said speed responsive
means comprises speedometer means.
10. An indicator according to claim 9 wherein said speed responsive
means comprises indicia indicative of required stopping distances.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to motor vehicle speed responsive devices
and, more particularly, to those devices that indicate total
stopping distance required at any given vehicle speed.
As our highways have become more congested, the problem of drivers
too closely following the vehicle in front of them has become more
serious. Student drivers are taught that for each 10 miles per hour
of speed they should maintain one car length of separation between
their vehicle and the preceding vehicle. This rule is often ignored
and, even when followed, it sometimes proves inadequate. That is so
because the rule does not take into consideration the possibility
that the first car in a series may stop by panic breaking or by
impact. Consequently it is desirable that the separation between
vehicles be greater than one car length for each 10 miles per hour
of vehicle speed, particularly at high speeds. In fact, it has been
found that the desired separation between vehicles in the range of
speed commonly driven increases with speed in approximately an
exponential fashion.
The exponential relationship between speed and vehicle separation
has prevented the adoption of a simple general rule to permit
drivers to easily convert vehicle speed to desired vehicle
separations. Consequently modified speedometer type devices were
devised to apprise drivers of desired vehicle separation. See, for
example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,845,721 issued to Adler.
A problem encountered in the utilization of apparatus such as that
disclosed by Adler is that the vehicle separations indicated for
medium and high speed driving are so great that most drivers cannot
properly judge them with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Thus the
desired improvement in vehicle safety was not fully achieved.
Finally, apparatus such as Doppler or radar systems were developed
to provide an alarm when the separation between vehicles fell below
the desired minimum. However, due to the high cost of these
systems, they have not been widely adopted.
The object of this invention, therefore, is to provide a relatively
low cost vehicle separation indicator that will accurately apprise
a vehicle operator when the separation between his vehicle and the
preceding vehicle has fallen below a minimum desired
separation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is characterized by a motor vehicle stopping
distance indicator including a speed responsive device that
controls an indicator such as a variable light source which
projects a beam of light in front of the vehicle. Two variable
light source embodiments are disclosed. In one of the embodiments
the orientation of the light source is controlled by the speed
responsive device so that the direction of the beam varies with
speed. At lower speeds the light source is directed at a relatively
sharp downward angle and thus strikes the road surface relatively
near the vehicle. As speed increases, the beam is projected farther
from the vehicle. In the second embodiment the intensity of the
light source is variable and the intensity becomes greater as the
vehicle speed becomes greater. In each embodiment the beam of light
is indicative of the safe vehicle stopping distance inasmuch as the
vehicle will require the entire illuminated space to stop.
Furthermore, the beam indicates safe following distance inasmuch as
when the beam is illuminating the vehicle preceding the equipped
vehicle the vehicle separation is inadequate. It is realized that
the subject device loses some of its effectiveness as a following
distance indicator on curved and hilly roads where the beam may be
directed away from the preceding vehicle from time to time but it
is felt that that function is most needed on flat straight roads
where persons have a tendency to speed and follow too closely. In
addition, the stopping distance indication has great value on
curved roads because trees near the road may be illuminated if the
vehicle is moving at high speed. Such illumination of trees should
serve as a warning to slow down on curves.
Preferably, the light source includes a strobe light source to
provide a very narrow high intensity beam and thus improve beam
visibility during daylight hours. Furthermore, it is preferable
that the beam be colored, as for example, red. If a high intensity
colored beam is provided, it can be distinguished from light
emanating from vehicle headlights during evening hours.
Another embodiment disclosed includes a speed responsive device
including a movable indicator portion for indicating the speed of
the vehicle. Also included is a stopping footage indicator with a
scale bearing indicia indicative of the number of feet required to
stop. The footage scale is read in conjunction with a stopping
footage indicator portion of the movable indicator. Finally, there
is included a following distance indicator including a following
distance scale calibrated in units of car lengths for indicating,
in conjunction with a following distance portion of the movable
indicator, safe following distances. This embodiment continually
advises drivers of the speed of their vehicle, the number of feet
required to stop the vehicle at a given speed and a safe following
distance in terms of car lengths. Consequently, the driver is
constantly aware of whether or not he is driving safely and within
the posted speed limits.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features and objects of the present invention will
become more apparent upon a perusal of the following description
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle equipped with the subject
apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one preferred embodiment of the
subject indicator apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the variable light source utilized in
a second preferred embodiment of the indicator apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of another embodiment of the subject invention;
and
FIG. 5 is another diagram of the device depicted in FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring first to FIG. 1 there is an elevation view of an
automobile 21 including a motor vehicle stopping distance indicator
22 with a variable light source 23 that projects a beam of light 24
and is mounted near the vehicle front bumper 25.
Referring now to FIG. 2 there is a block diagram of one embodiment
of a vehicle stopping distance indicator 22a. A speedometer cable
26 is coupled to the equipped vehicle's speedometer 27 in the
conventional manner. The speedometer 27, in response to vehicle
speed, sets a potentiometer 28 via a coupling 29. The output of the
potentiometer is coupled by a line 31 to a variable intensity light
source 23a that includes a variable intensity strobe that
preferably produces a very narrow beam 24a of red, or other
colored, light. It will be appreciated that as the speed sensed by
the speedometer 27 increases the intensity of the beam 24a
increases.
Referring now to FIG. 3 there is shown a portion of a second
preferred embodiment 22b of a motor vehicle stopping distance
indicator. A variable light source 23b is shown in section. A
speedometer like the speedometer 27 is utilized and the speedometer
output is coupled by a line 29b to a servo mechanism 32 that
includes an output shaft 30. The angular position of the output
shaft 30 is dependent on the signal on the line 29b and thus on the
vehicle speed. A small strobe 33 that produces a red light is
mounted in a reflector 34 that is secured to the light source
housing at a pivot point 35. A stud 36 projects from the rear of
the reflector 34 and interacts with a groove 37 in a cam drum 38
that is coupled to the shaft 30. Consequently, the angular position
of the cam 38 and thus the position of the reflector 34 is
dependent on the signal on the line 29b. A line 39 couples a strobe
power source 41 to the strobe 33. The combined effects of the
strobe 33 and the reflector 34 produce a narrow, well-focused beam
of red light 24b that passes through an opening in the vehicle
front bumper 25. The variable position light source 23b is mounted
on a mounting plate 42 at a level of the vehicle front bumper 25.
The various components of the light source 23b are selected so that
the light beam 24b illuminates an area farther from the vehicle as
the vehicle speed increases.
During operation of either the embodiment 22a or 22b, the vehicle
can safely be driven as long as the preceding vehicle is not
illuminated by the beams of red light 24a or 24b. If the separation
between the equipped vehicle 21 and the preceding vehicle falls to
less than the desired minimum vehicle separation, the preceding
vehicle will be illuminated by the beam 24a or 24b. It will be
appreciated, of course, that the permissable vehicle separation is
dependent on the vehicle speed which controls the intensity of the
beam 24a or the angular position of the beam 24b.
It is considered advantageous that the speedometer 27 be calibrated
with dual scales. Thus, the speedometer 27 can indicate both
vehicle speed in miles per hour in the conventional fashion, and
can indicate minimum vehicle separation or vehicle stopping
distance in units of car lengths or feet, or both.
It is felt that an option of a less expensive variable light source
can be utilized if it is to be functional only at night. For a
night driving light source the beam does not have to be so powerful
or well defined. However, the beam should still be colored so as to
be distinguishable from the light emanating from automobile
headlights. While night use only of the device does not provide
complete protection, it is felt that use of a speedometer
indicative of safe stopping distances, coupled with the indication
of stopping distance provided by the light, will develop good
driving habits while driving at night. If these good habits are
carried over to day time driving, a desirable improvement in
automobile safety will result.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5 there is shown another embodiment of
a motor vehicle stopping distance indicator 51 including a speed
responsive device 52 with a scale 53 bearing indicia 54 indicative
of vehicle speeds similar to a conventional speedometer. A mask
portion 50 (shown only in FIG. 5) defines an aperture window 55 and
a pointer 56. The entire mask and pointer moves in response to
conventional apparatus to indicate vehicle speed in the
conventional manner. Visible behind a lower stopping footage
indicator portion 57 of the window 55 is a block containing indicia
58, specifically the numeral 132. The significance of the indicia
58 is that it would require the vehicle 132 feet to stop the speed
of 40 miles per hour. An upper car length indicator portion 59 of
the window 55 reveals a block containing indicia 61 indicative of
the outline of an automobile with the numeral 8 therein. The
significance of the indicia 61 is that the vehicle should maintain
a separation of 8 car lengths between it and the preceding vehicle
at a speed of 40 miles per hour. It will be appreciated that the
indicia 58 is only part of a footage indicator scale and the
indicia 61 is part of a car length indicator scale. Normally,
however, all but what is within the window 55 is obscured by the
mask 50 as shown in FIG. 5. The moving mask itself has been
eliminated in FIG. 4 to clearly show the scales utilized in the
device 51.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in light of the above teachings. For
example, other methods of preventing variable illumination can be
used. It is to be understood, therefore, that the invention can be
practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
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