U.S. patent number 3,849,623 [Application Number 05/409,495] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-19 for microwave heating apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Raytheon Company. Invention is credited to Charles L. Gilliatt.
United States Patent |
3,849,623 |
Gilliatt |
November 19, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
MICROWAVE HEATING APPARATUS
Abstract
A microwave heating apparatus is disclosed having a system for
support and radiating articles within an enclosure. Such system
comprises a movable table adapted to move sequentially in
orthogonal directions and provide a substantially continuous
orbital movement. The microwave energy radiation is thereby
distributed uniformly to heat a large number of supported articles
without resorting to prior art distribution means such as
cyclically varying mode stirring means.
Inventors: |
Gilliatt; Charles L. (Andover,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Raytheon Company (Lexington,
MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23620734 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/409,495 |
Filed: |
October 25, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/754; 269/60;
219/762 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
6/80 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05B
6/80 (20060101); H05b 009/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/10.55
;269/58,60,61 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reynolds; Bruce A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Rost; Edgar O. Pannone; Joseph D.
Murphy; H. A.
Claims
I claim:
1. Microwave heating apparatus comprising:
a plurality of conductive walls defining an enclosure;
a source of electromagnetic energy having a predetermined operating
frequency;
means for radiating said energy within said enclosure;
a system for supporting and moving an article to be heated within
said enclosure;
said system comprising a table member and means to move said table
member sequentially in orthogonal linear directions to provide
substantially continuous orbital movement.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said system comprises
a plurality of bearing assemblies including superimposed upper and
lower fixed ball race members and a movable center ball race member
with said upper and lower members secured, respectively, to said
table member and an enclosure conductive wall at predetermined
points with said center members being interconnected by coplanar
rods.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said bearing
assemblies provide orthogonally disposed channel and race grooves
together with a plurality of balls in each assembly adapted to move
said center members orthogonally in two linear directions.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3 wherein at least three balls
are provided in each race groove and at least two of said balls are
of a larger diameter.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said table member is
provided with opposing parallel sides and said bearing assemblies
are disposed adjacent to the corners of said table member.
6. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said coplanar rods
are loosely coupled to a substantially rigid plate member.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the total excursion
distance of said continuous orbital movement in orthogonal
directions is at least one-quarter of a wavelength at the frequency
of the free space energy waves radiated within said enclosure.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said bearing
assemblies comprise superimposed upper and lower ball race members
secured, respectively, to said table member and an enclosure
conductive wall; said members defining circular oppositely disposed
race grooves with a ball disposed within both grooves.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to microwave heating apparatus having an
improved system for the distribution of energy during heating.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of microwave energy as a source of heat has become widely
accepted for a large number of domestic and industrial products due
to the rapid heating times provided by such energy sources. Heating
with microwaves provides the so-called "dielectric heating"
phenomenon by the absorption of energy and high frequency
oscillatory motion of molecules within the article being heated by
the combined electric and magnetic fields to cause rapid rise in
temperature due to molecular friction. Various materials have
differing dielectric loss characteristics and, therefore, the rate
of heating is a variable factor. The energy is typically radiated
within enclosures defining a confined area capable of supporting
many free space wavelengths at the operating frequency and the
articles are commonly disposed on a fixed table or transported
through the enclosure by means of a conveyor. The energy is
typically cyclically varied in multimode energy patterns by such
means as mode stirrers.
Microwave energy is generated from such sources as the magnetron
oscillator. The region operation is in the electromagnetic energy
spectrum at frequencies of 915 .+-. 13 MHz or 2,450 .+-. 50 MHz in
the industrial, scientific and medical band assigned for microwave
heating apparatus by government regulatory agencies. For the
purposes of the present description, the term "microwave" is
defined as energy in the region of the spectrum having wavelengths
in the order of 1 meter to 1 millimeter and frequencies in the
order of 300 MHz to 300 GHz.
Microwave heating is particularly useful for poor thermally
conductive materials, such as rubber, foods, paper, wood, leather,
plaster, plastic and the like. In the foundry industry molds or
cores used in casting of metal parts are typically fabricated from
such materials as sand or plaster mixed with a binder which is
cured by heat to render the mold or core self-supporting. The base
material, such as sand or plaster, is inherently a poor or
nonthermally conductive material and the curing times by prior art
energy sources are extremely lengthy. U.S. Pat. No. 3,519,517,
issued July 7, 1970 to E. C. Dench and assigned to the assignee of
the present invention describes the utilization of electromagnetic
microwave energy for curing green foundry molds or cores having a
predominantly granular refractory composition by using lossy
additives, as well as resin binders. The use of microwave energy
significantly reduces the over-all time required for curing from
several hours to times in the order of minutes. Numerous co-pending
applications such as the applications of James M. Valentine, Ser.
No. 253,204, filed May 15, 1972 and Ser. No. 253,205, also filed on
May 15, 1972 also provide additional examples of microwave energy
usage in the foundry industry.
In view of the fact that the heating enclosures typically utilized
are of a conductive material, the energy from such sources as the
magnetron is reflected from the walls in numerous field mode
distribution patterns which can be varied by means of stirrers
having vanes actuated by a motor to result in an even distribution
of the energy throughout the enclosure. Additionally, prior art
embodiments suggest the use of a rotating turntable on which an
article is supported. Such means, however, require a substantial
enclosure area for the circular path which limits the quantity of
articles which can be supported on the turntable. Where large
volume production is desired, therefore, tunnel-type energy
applicators and transporting conveyors are utilized.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention a microwave heating
apparatus is provided having a support and movement system
including a table and attached bearing assembly means adapted for
sequential linear movement in orthogonal directions to provide a
substantially continuously moving orbital path. The system is
substantially free of backlash and is capable of handling a large
number of articles since all of the space provided by the table is
utilized. The microwave energy is efficiently and uniformly
radiated to heat all of the product supported and moved by the
orbital system. The invention is particularly advantageous for use
in the heating of articles having a considerable amount of dust,
sand or other particulate matter which results during the
processing. It is difficult to heat such products by rotation
during curing, particularly where intricate surface detail and
close dimensional tolerances are required. The invention also
introduces a capability of utilizing groups of individual
juxtapositioned microwave power modules with the total desired
power being supplied by the combined output of the individual
modules.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Details of the illustrative embodiments of the invention will now
be described with reference being directed to the accompanying
drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded isometric view of a linear bearing assembly
of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion assembly shown in
FIG. 2;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic views of the center and lower ball
race members of the bearing assembly shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 at the
outermost excursion points;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the bottom of the assembled orbital
support and movement system embodying the invention;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a drive mechanism for the system
shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic representation of a typical orbital
excursion path of an article handled by the disclosed system;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a portion of an alternative bearing
assembly;
FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of an orbital support and
movement system embodying the assembly shown in FIG. 9; and
FIG. 11 is an isometric view of an alternative component of an
eccentric drive mechanism of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1 the microwave heating apparatus 10 embodying
the invention comprises a plurality of parallel conductive walls 12
defining an enclosure 14 having a predetermined confined area. An
access opening 16 is provided in the front wall of the apparatus.
Door 18 encloses the access opening 16 and is controlled by arms 20
provided with locking means 22 engaging slots 24 to support the
door in an open position for loading. The door 18 is provided with
a viewing window 26 having a plurality of perforations dimensioned
to prevent the escape of energy at the operating frequency. Door 18
is supported by hinges 28 affixed to the front peripheral wall 30
surrounding the access opening 16.
The microwave energy is fed by the conventional probe antenna means
from individual packaged power modules 32 including all electrical
circuits. A cable 34 provides for the coupling of the electrical
energy from a source to the modules. Each of the microwave energy
modules 32 has, illustratively, an output of approximately 750
watts at the allocated frequency. In this embodiment ten such
sources are provided with a total power capability of 7,500 watts.
Each module is separately controlled so that the power levels can
be set in increments, if desired. The total number of modules is
dependent on the required power for heating the articles within the
enclosure. The microwave heating apparatus is supported by frame
members 36. The system of the invention comprises a continuously
movable table member 38 disposed adjacent to the bottom enclosure
wall which is actuated by eccentric drive mechanism 40 supported on
plate 42.
The details of the support member 38 adapted to move in an orbital
path by sequential translation of linear movement in orthogonal
directions will now be described with reference being directed to
FIGS. 2-6, inclusive. The linear movement translation means
comprise bearing assemblies 44 disposed at the four corners of the
movable table 38. Each of the bearing assemblies 44 comprise a
plurality of superimposed members including a lower ball race
member 46 which is attached to the enclosure bottom wall and
defines a closed end race groove 50 on its upper surface 48. Balls
52, 53 and 54 are located within the groove 50. It will be noted
that outer balls 52 and 54 are of the larger diameter and bear the
load weight while the intervening ball 53 is somewhat smaller and
acts as a spacer to prevent undue wear and chafing. The balls may
be of any durable material such as metal or plastic.
A movable center ball race member 56 has on its lower surface an
open-ended channel 58 which contacts the balls 52, 53 and 54
disposed within the groove 50. With arrangement the linear motion
of the race members is not rigidly limited by tolerances of the
race grooves and channels. The upper surface of member 56 has a
closed end race groove 62 substantially similar to groove 50 in
lower ball race member 46. The respective grooves 50 and 62,
however, are orthogonally oriented. A similar set of balls 64, 65
and 66 are disposed within the groove 62.
A fixed upper race member 68, substantially similar to lower ball
race member 46, has an open-ended channel 70, substantially similar
to channel 58 in center ball race member 56. The balls 64, 65 and
66 contact the walls of the channel 70. The upper surface of the
race member 68 is secured to the table member 38.
The linear movement in the orthogonal directions is controlled by
the movable center ball race members 56. Coplanar rod members 72
interconnect opposite center ball race members along the longer
sides of table member 38. Rod members 74 interconnect the
oppositely disposed center ball race members along the shorter
sidewalls. In the final assembly, as shown in FIG. 6, a rigid plate
76 having an aperture 78 is attached by means of clamps 80 to the
coplanar rods to keep the movable center race members at the
corners of the arrangement in the desired rectangular orientation
to prevent twisting or rotary motion with the sequential orbital
movement of the plate member 38. An eccentric mechanism, to be
described, provides for the continuous orbital movement in the
directions indicated by the arrows 81-84 inclusive.
Referring again to FIG. 3, a cross section of assembled lower and
center ball race assemblies 46 and 56, respectively, is shown. The
orientation of the outer balls 52 and 54 riding on the channel 58
wall surfaces is illustrated with ball 54 being visible. The
different elevations of the coplanar rod members 72 and 74 will
also be noted. The interrelationship of the race members having
orthogonally disposed grooves at the different levels permits the
orthogonal linear movement.
In FIGS. 4 and 5 another feature of the invention will be noted. In
these views the lower ball race assemblies 46 are shown in the
outermost excursion points. In FIG. 4 the ball 52 contacts one wall
of the groove 50 as the center member 56 moves to the left. In FIG.
5 the oppositely disposed larger diameter ball 54 contacts the
opposing wall of the closed end groove 50 to thereby limit the
travel of the center ball race member 56 in the reverse direction.
Channel 58 provided in the underside of the center ball race member
56 is open-ended which reduces the need for critical tolerances. It
will be noted that the outermost balls 52 and 54 carry the entire
load weight.
In FIG. 7 the eccentric drive mechanism 40 for actuation of the
table member 38 in the orbital path is illustrated including the
motor and gearing arrangement coupled to vertical shaft 86. An
eccentric 88 is keyed to the vertical shaft 86 and carries a cam
follower bearing 90 on its upper surface. Drive socket 92 is
rotatably supported on cam follower 90 and extends through aperture
78 in plate 76.
Referring to FIG. 8 the translation of movement articles supported
on the table member 38 to equalize the exposure to the microwave
energy is illustrated. The combined movement of the rotating
eccentric and linear bearing assemblies with interconnected
coplanar rods results in continuous sequential orthogonal movement
as shown by arrows 81-84, inclusive in FIG. 6 to define an orbital
path. The diameter of the orbit is indicated by circular arrow 94
for each article. For the optimum dielectric heating the diameter
of the orbit is desirably one-quarter of a wavelength of the
operating frequency. At the allocated frequency of 2,450 MHz the
approximate electrical wavelength would be 4.8 inches so that the
required total movement of each object supported on the table would
be one-quarter of this value or approximately 1.2 inches. The
sequential movement of the orbital support system in each
orthogonal direction is required to be only one-half of this value
or one-eighth of a wavelength so that the movement of the support
system in each direction is in the range of 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch.
The invention, therefore, provides means for heating a much larger
number of objects within the enclosure since the inscribed orbit
required for movement is substantially smaller than the area
required for a rotating turntable. In addition, where the
processing requires the utilization of atmosphere exhausting means,
such as an evacuated Bell jar connected to external pump means, it
is much simpler to provide such an arrangement with the orbital
moving and support system rather than a rotating turntable which
requires an intricate rotary hose coupling. The exposure to the
radiated microwave energy provided by the system of the invention
results in the energy being uniformly distributed without the need
for auxiliary mode stirring or other distribution arrangements of
prior art embodiments.
Referring next to FIG. 9 an alternative bearing assembly 96 will be
described. In this embodiment a first circular ball race member 98
is affixed to the table member 38 at the corners. A lower similar
ball race member 100 is affixed to the bottom enclosure conductive
wall 12. Each of the ball race members is provided with a circular
groove 102 and 104 with wall sections 106 and 108 to effectively
stop the limit of the movement of a single ball 110 disposed in
contact with each of the grooves 102 and 104. Referring to FIG. 10
the overall movement of the alternative bearing assemblies is
schematically illustrated. The assembly in each of the four corners
is fixed to the respective components, hereinbefore enumerated, and
an eccentric drive mechanism having a cam follower 90 similar to
that illustrated in FIG. 7 provides for the continuous orbital
movement of the plate member 38 as indicated by the arrow 112 and
the dashed line path 114. The sequential movement, for example, in
the orthogonal direction indicated by arrow 116 results in the
movement of the table until the ball within each of the four
bearing assemblies comes in contact with an opposing stop wall 106
and 108 as indicated in FIG. 9 The next step in the sequential
operation of the orbital support system is in the orthogonal
direction indicated by the arrrow 118. Rotation of the ball within
the grooves 102 and 104 permits the movement of the support table
member 38 in this direction. Similarly and sequentially the
movement of the table member is provided as indicated by arrows 120
and 122 until the full orbital path has been traversed.
Referring to FIG. 11 an alternative eccentric 124 is shown. The cam
follower bearing 126 is supported on a movable block 130 which is
controlled by the movement of lead screw 128 to adjust the
disposition of the block 130 relative to fixed block 132 having a
surface 134 on which the movable block rides. The movement of the
screw 128 thereby adjusts the eccentricity gap 136 to compensate
for any discrepancies in mechanical tolerances existing between
different components and to control, to a substantial degree, any
backlash in the overall system.
Numerous other modifications, variations and alterations will be
evident to those skilled in the art. The foregoing description of
the preferred embodiments is, therefore, intended to be interpreted
broadly and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *