U.S. patent number 3,849,323 [Application Number 05/246,888] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-19 for friction-reducing petroleum mixtures and method of making same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Gwendolyn Patricia Weiner, Ted Weiner. Invention is credited to Clive Hollinshead.
United States Patent |
3,849,323 |
Hollinshead |
November 19, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
FRICTION-REDUCING PETROLEUM MIXTURES AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
Abstract
Conventional petroleum lubricants and fuels are mixed with two
or more naturally derived waxes and oils or their synthetic
equivalents to form a blended petroleum product of high homogeneity
and substantially reduced friction drag. Sesame seed oil and
carnauba wax are representative of the oils and waxes,
respectively. The process involves heating petroleum oils or
greases, adding melted wax and heated natural oil, and in some
cases of high additive concentration, adding an emulsifier and
mixing.
Inventors: |
Hollinshead; Clive (Santa Fe
Springs, CA) |
Assignee: |
Weiner; Ted (Lake Tahoe,
NV)
Weiner; Gwendolyn Patricia (Lake Tahoe, NV)
|
Family
ID: |
26217565 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/246,888 |
Filed: |
April 24, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/308; 44/301;
508/451; 508/463 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M
159/08 (20130101); C10L 1/1802 (20130101); C10L
10/08 (20130101); C10M 2205/18 (20130101); C10N
2040/042 (20200501); C10N 2050/10 (20130101); C10N
2040/044 (20200501); C10M 2207/40 (20130101); C10N
2040/04 (20130101); C10M 2209/104 (20130101); C10N
2040/046 (20200501); C10M 2207/289 (20130101); C10N
2040/08 (20130101); C10M 2207/404 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C10M
159/00 (20060101); C10M 159/08 (20060101); E04F
13/08 (20060101); C10L 1/18 (20060101); C10L
1/10 (20060101); C10m 001/26 (); C10m 003/20 ();
C10m 005/12 (); C10m 007/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;252/56R
;44/66,70,58 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wyman; Daniel E.
Assistant Examiner: Smith; Mrs. Y. H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Strauch, Nolan, Neale, Nies &
Kurz
Claims
I claim:
1. A product useful as a lubricant or fuel additive which consists
essentially of a hydrocarbon lubricant, a wax constituent dispersed
in said hydrocarbon lubricant, and an emulsifier in an amount
sufficient to maintain said wax constituent uniformly dispersed in
said hydrocarbon lubricant, the wax constituent being selected from
the group consisting of candellila, carnuba, Chinese, jojoba,
beetle, myrtle, and sugar cane waxes, beeswax, a synthetic version
of one of the foregoing natural waxes, and mixtures of the
aforesaid waxes, and said wax constituent being present in an
amount ranging from not more than one up to 10 parts of wax per 120
parts of the hydrocarbon.
2. The product of claim 1, wherein the wax constituent is
candellila or a synthetic version thereof.
3. The product of claim 1, wherein the wax constituent is carnuba
or a synthetic version thereof.
4. A product useful as a lubricant or fuel additive which consists
essentially of a hydrocarbon lubricant, a wax constituent dispersed
in said hydrocarbon lubricant, and an emulsifier in an amount
sufficient to maintain said wax constituent uniformly dispersed in
said hydrocarbon lubricant, the wax constituent being selected from
the group consisting of candellila, carnuba, Chinese, jojoba,
beetle, myrtle, and sugar cane waxes, beeswax, and mixtures of the
aforesaid waxes, and said wax constituent being present in an
amount ranging from 1-10 parts of wax per 120 parts of the
hydrocarbon lubricant.
5. The product of claim 4, where the wax constituent is carnauba
wax.
6. The product of claim 4, wherein the wax constituent is
candellila wax.
7. The product of claim 4, wherein the emulsifier is selected from
the group consisting of polyoxyethylene oleyl ethers and
polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurates.
8. The product of claim 4, wherein the amount of the emulsifier is
on the order of one part of emulsifier per 100 parts of hydrocarbon
lubricant.
9. The product of claim 4, wherein said wax constituent is present
in an amount ranging from 3-6 parts of wax per 120 parts of the
hydrocarbon lubricant.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to blended lubricating and fuel products like
that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,595,967 issued July 27, 1971 to
Riedel and Schieman, and more particularly to the mixture of
petroleum products such as fuels, greases, motor oils and
transmission fluids with natural anti-friction materials like
animal and vegetable waxes and oils which are not "mineral" in
source but derived from plants, animals and insects. Unlike the
above patent, which uses a dewaxed base, applicant adds wax. The
inventive process for compounding the mixtures is simple and
unique.
Lubrication of automobiles and other machines and the performance
demands for combustion fuels has led to highly sophisticated
petroleum refinery and chemical industry developments. Fuels are
catalytically separated and "cracked" for specialized petroleum
fractions. Additive chemicals have been developed to enhance even
these complex refinery products. Even with all of the technical
advances, the fuels and lubricants fail to satisfy performance
standards desired by the consuming public and the increasing
strictness of ecological legislation. I have invented blended fuel
and lubricant products and additives, and the process for making
such fuels, additives and lubricants, that are compatible with
conventional petroleum products, which lower friction loads
substantially, enhance combustion engine performance and consist of
ingredients obtainable in quantity at low cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention contemplates blended petroleum products consisting
essentially of a petroleum product (which may be conventional), a
natural wax and a natural oil, mixed in approximate proportions of
several parts petroleum product to one part of natural oil and wax
combined. In an alternate petroleum mixture wherein the proportion
of natural oil and wax approaches 1 to 1, a conventional emulsifier
is one ingredient of the mixture.
The additive mixture of the invention contemplates a conventional
petroleum product mixed with a lesser amount of a natural wax and a
lesser amount of a natural oil. In an alternate additive mixture
the ingredients may comprise a greater amount of natural oil and a
lesser amount of natural wax.
In many instances in the disclosure herein, synthesized equivalents
of natural products may be substituted for the named natural oils
and waxes referred to, and this application is to be understood not
to exclude such substitution.
A preferred mixture of the invention for use as a motor oil
comprises 3 quarts of conventional motor oil, 2 ounces of carnauba
wax and 1 quart of sesame seed oil, combined in a homogenous
liquid.
In accordance with the process of the invention, the preferred
blended petroleum product is achieved by the steps of adding the
carnauba wax to the sesame seed oil, heating the oil and wax,
mixing the oil and wax to dissolve the wax, heating the
conventional motor oil, and mixing the combined sesame seed oil and
wax into the heated motor oil.
Similar process is used to compound transmission oil fluid
additive, motor oil additive, fuel additive and lubricating
greases. In some instances where high viscosity results from
addition of proportionately large quantities of natural wax or oil
ingredients, the added step of mixing a conventional emulsifier is
included in the method, and also when the wax or oil is of high
viscosity.
The process and the resultant petroleum mixtures benefit engine and
other moving part assemblies by reduced friction, lessened piston
blow-by, extremely long crankcase life and almost total absence,
even after prolonged usage, of varnish, acid and sludge. These and
other advantages are apparent from the following detailed
description and test data.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
MOTOR OIL
A crankcase motor oil consisting essentially of S A E 20 motor oil,
carnauba wax and sesame seed oil in the proportions of 1 pint motor
oil, 1 ounce carnauba wax and 1 pint sesame seed oil was placed in
the crankcase of a 1971 Ford Transport Wagon. The vehicle was
driven from Los Angeles to Caracas, Venezuela, and back. The
crankcase was flushed in Mexico City with a conventional motor oil,
which was drained after 100 miles and replaced with the petroleum
product of the invention. The wagon crankcase was not replenished
nor was the oil changed for the rest of the round trip, nor for a
distance thereafter until an aggregate of 29,000 miles had been
traversed. Added petroleum product of the invention was added as
necessitated by oil loss from periodic oil filter changes, in no
case exceeding one pint per filter change.
The crankcase pan was removed and the crankcase inspected. No
evidence of sludge, acid or varnish was detected. No motor wear was
evident. During the test trip the engine ran at reduced
temperature, gave fuel mileage averaging 10 to 15 percent better
than previous performance and top speeds 5 to 15 miles per hour in
excess of previous performance.
Similar local city driving tests with a 1969 Buick Skylark resulted
in markedly similar performance improvements.
GREASES
A manual transmission lubricant which tested well comprises S A E
80 lubricant, candelilla and beeswax, preferably in respective
quantities of 1 gallon, 1 ounce and 2 ounces.
A wheel bearing and chassis lubricant consisting essentially of
conventional S A E 80 grease, a natural oil such as jojoba or
sesame and a natural wax, such as carnauba or candelilla, is
combined in the proportions of 25 pounds of grease, 1 pint of oil
and 6 ounces of wax. The oil and wax are first combined after
heating and then added to the heated grease. Candelilla is
sometimes called colloquially "carmanilla."
In spin tests an automobile front wheel was raised from the ground,
spun to maximum RPMs by hand and allowed to rotate unimpeded. The
wheel came to rest after three minutes. The same wheel was raised,
demounted, the bearings cleaned and repacked with the described
lubricant of the invention and remounted. The wheel was then spun
by hand to maximum RPMs as before and allowed to rotate umimpeded.
The wheel came to rest after one hour and five minutes.
It has been found that many other natural waxes and vegetable oils
can be combined with conventional petroleum products in accordance
with the teaching of the invention with beneficial results. The
following partial tabulation will be helpful in comprehending the
presently known available natural oils and waxes, herein
characterized as "anti-friction agents."
Other natural oils and fats are listed in Merriam Webster
(Unabridged) under "oil" in Tables I and II.
__________________________________________________________________________
Waxes Oils
__________________________________________________________________________
Name Source Name Source Carnauba (copernicia cerifera) Sesame seed
(Sesamum indicum) Candelilla (Euphorbia anti- Cotton seed (Olein,
linolien, syphilitica) palmitrin, stearin) Chinese wax (scale
insect Ericerus Cajun (Furcraea cubensis) pela) (ceryl cerotate)
Beeswax Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious) Bettle wax Cohune Palm
Oil (Attalia cohune) Jojoba (distilled from oil) Jojoba (Simmondsia
Californica) Sugar cane wax Castor (Ricinus communis) Myrtle
(Bayberry-Myrica sp.)
__________________________________________________________________________
The emulsifiers are known by trade names such as TWEEN, SORBO, SPAN
and BRIDJ and are generally identified chemically as
polyoxyethylene (10) Oleyl Ether or polyoxyethylene (20) sorbiton
monolaurate.
The invention does not preclude synthesized equivalents of the
above natural anti-friction agents. Beeswax in synthetic form, for
instance, contributes to a satisfactory petroleum mixture for
crankcase or motor oil. However, a blended petroleum product with
beeswax in the synthetic form does tend to break down after about
15,000 miles use and a varnish residue forms.
While castor oil is easy to combine with other ingredients, it has
little tolerance for high heat and is thus limited in scope in
combination with the other ingredients of the inventive blended
petroleum product.
ADDITIVES
Transmission fluid additives have performed successfully when made
in accordance with the invention and consist essentially of
conventional transmission fluid, a natural wax such as candelilla
and a natural oil such as jojoba. Preferably the proportions are 9
quarts fluid, 1 1/4 ounces wax and 1 quart jojoba oil.
The process comprises the steps of heating the wax and the oil,
dissolving the wax in the oil and mixing the resultant with the
transmission fluid, which may also be heated. The temperatures of
the various heats are preferably within 15.degree. F. of 200.
Very good results obtain when two or more waxes in equal amounts
are combined to make up the wax proportion. A combination of
carnauba, jojoba and candelilla waxes with jojoba oil and
transmission fluid in the stated proportions has resulted in
lessening of noise, smoother shifting and improved idle.
Fuel additives consisting essentially of natural antifriction
agents in a solvent have been prepared and tested. One such
additive consisted of 1 ounce of carnauba wax dissolved in one
gallon of safflower oil. The carnauba was melted and added to
heated safflower oil or solid carnauba wax mixed in heated oil at a
temperature matching the melting point of the wax. Carnauba has a
melting point of about 180.degree. F. in the commercial form used.
Most of the listed waxes melt between 160.degree. to 190.degree. F.
Two ounces of the resultant homogenous liquid is then added to
about 20 gallons of fuel such as gasoline. Engines tested with the
blended fuel performed smoother, started easier and effected a
reduction in harmful exhaust emissions when compared to performance
on conventional fuel. The latter effect is believed to be due to a
lessening of piston drag such that blow-by is decreased into the
crankcase, since the piston is freer to move with initial gas
expansion at start-up and acceleration. Less blow-by decreases
dilution of crankcase oil and unsettling of carburetor adjustment,
the chief result of presently required crankcase ventilation
systems imposed by legislation.
A diesel fuel additive with beneficial effects on engine
performance consists essentially of beeswax dissolved in safflower
oil under heat, and may be added to diesel fuel in the proportion
of 1/40 ounce of mixture additive to one gallon of fuel.
It has been found that beeswax in liquid form may be added directly
to a small amount of diesel fuel when the latter is elevated in
temperature below its flashpoint and the resultant added to bulk
fuel. The liquid wax is obtained by melting.
Lowered smog emissions and improved fuel consumption were proved
with 2 ounces of the wax-oil mixture added to 40 gallons of diesel
fuel in the tank of a truck then tested over the road.
Similar valuable improvement has occurred in performances of fuels
such as aviation gasoline and kerosene jet fuel when a natural
anti-friction agent such as a natural wax or a blend of natural
waxes in a suitable solvent is added in the desired proportions to
such fuels. An additive including carnauba or beeswax has
benefitted jet fuel. Beeswax additive has enhanced performance of
both aviation and automotive gasoline fuels.
Blended natural waxes combined with conventional motor oils has
provided high performance and test results. One such blended
petroleum product consisted essentially of S A E 20 motor oil, a
carnauba wax, candelilla wax and the distilled wax of jojoba oil in
the proportions of 3 ounces of the combined waxes homogenously
mixed with 1 gallon of the S A E 20 motor oil. An independent test
laboratory made tension tests of the above-described blended
petroleum product. Test results indicated greatly increased tensile
strength - in the range of 35,000 as compared with a figure of
28,000 - 32,000 for conventional motor oil and about 27,000 for
socalled "specialty" oils of conventional composition.
The tested petroleum product was tested shortly after being
processed. Under certain conditions, where complete homogeneity is
lacking, the natural waxes may eventually separate and settle. It
is therefore desirable to include an emulsifier in the product. In
a blended petroleum product such as that tested the emulsifier is
added in an amount approximating one percent by volume.
In small quantities the petroleum product like a motor oil may be
prepared by mixing 2 ounces of beeswax and 1 ounce of carnauba wax
in 1 quart of petroleum oil heated to about 140.degree.. The
resultant is then added to 3 quarts more of heated oil. The mixture
is then cooled to about 120.degree. and the whole mixed
mechanically with about 1 1/3 ounces of an emulsifier like "Bridj
89." Such a petroleum product has a long shelf life in addition to
improved anti-friction qualities.
If the first mixture of petroleum oil and additive is positively
agitated at the proper temperature, quantities of additive up to
about 2 1/2 ounces stay suspended without the aid of emulsifiers.
However, when the concentration of additive exceeds that amount and
agitation is nominal during initial mixing it is desirable to
include an emulsifier.
While waxes and natural oils of various types and from various
sources have been set forth herein as examples, it is to be
understood that the invention contemplates as ingredients may other
un-named anti-friction agents of natural, contrasted with mineral,
source and combined in various proportions with petroleum, or with
each other. Therefore, since many variations within the scope of
the invention will occur to those trained to this field in view of
the teaching herein, it is desired that the invention be measured
by the appended claims rather than by the illustrative disclosure
herein.
* * * * *