U.S. patent number 3,849,057 [Application Number 05/349,819] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-19 for jet flame cleaning and coating apparatus and method.
This patent grant is currently assigned to C. S. Peck Co., Inc.. Invention is credited to Clarence A. Garrison, Clifford Peck.
United States Patent |
3,849,057 |
Peck , et al. |
November 19, 1974 |
JET FLAME CLEANING AND COATING APPARATUS AND METHOD
Abstract
A flame head producing a high velocity jet flame is utilized
with a venturi type adapter unit which creates a vacuum pick-up for
abrasive particles or coating materials that are stored in a
non-pressurized container, said material being propelled at a high
velocity and temperature through the flame. Since the flame from
the head is virtually oxygen free or inert, neither the coating
particles, the abrasive particles, nor the surface being treated
will be oxidized.
Inventors: |
Peck; Clifford (Elberton,
GA), Garrison; Clarence A. (Monroe, LA) |
Assignee: |
C. S. Peck Co., Inc. (Elberton,
GA)
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Family
ID: |
26793404 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/349,819 |
Filed: |
April 10, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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97553 |
Dec 14, 1970 |
3741792 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
431/158; 239/336;
239/434; 427/223 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B24C
5/00 (20130101); B05B 7/205 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B24C
5/00 (20060101); B05B 7/16 (20060101); B05B
7/20 (20060101); B05b 007/20 (); B05b 007/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/46FC,46FB,46FZ,46FS,105.1,105.2 ;134/17,7 ;431/158,4,126
;239/79,85,336,434 ;110/22A,22B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1,089,518 |
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Mar 1955 |
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FR |
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1,529,230 |
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Feb 1970 |
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DT |
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Primary Examiner: Favors; Edward G.
Assistant Examiner: Yuen; Henry C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Newton, Hopkins & Ormsby
Parent Case Text
This is a division, of application Ser. No. 097,553, filed
12/14/70, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,741,792.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A flame jet apparatus comprising a combustion chamber,
pressurized means for feeding a hydrocarbon fuel and oxidant into
said chamber, said chamber having at least one outlet orifice for
releasing a combustion jet flame, a venturi type adapter disposed
outwardly of said outlet orifice, a non-pressurized container for
storing a material to be dispensed, and at least one pick-up line
leading from said venturi adapter to said container, whereby
passage of the combustion jet flame past the venturi adapter
creates a vacuum in said pick-up line drawing said material into
said flame, said apparatus being characterized by a pair of
oppositely disposed pick-up lines positioned on a generally
cylindrically formed venturi adapter, said adapter having a
plurality of graduated, stepped internal bores that are provided
with at least two apertures in each of said bores and which are
located proximate to the point of entry of said pick-up lines into
said venturi adapter.
2. A flame jet apparatus comprising a combustion chamber,
pressurized means for feeding a hydrocarbon fuel and oxidant into
said chamber, said chamber having at least one outlet orifice for
releasing a combustion jet flame, a venturi type adapter disposed
outwardly of said outlet orifice, a non-pressurized container for
storing a material to be dispensed, and at least one pick-up line
leading from said venturi adapter to said container, whereby
passage of the combustion jet flame past the venturi adapter
creates a vacuum in said pick-up line drawing said material into
said flame, said apparatus being characterized in that the venturi
adapter is a twin venturi type aerated injector having two pick-up
lines entering said adapter from opposite sides thereof, said
adapter having its principal axes angularly disposed to the axis of
said outlet orifice, and a pressurized air line entering said
adapter along its principal axis prior to the points of entry of
the pick-up lines.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the container stores abrasive
particles, said container having a hollow projecting portion at the
bottom thereof that connects with said pick-up line, and an air
intake means being provided at the end of said projecting
member.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 in which the container stores a coating
material, said container having an inlet at the bottom thereof for
a source of pressurized air, an aerator located above said inlet, a
screen located above said aerator, and a cover for the container to
keep the supply of aerated coating particles in the container.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to improvements in jet
flame heads, and more particularly, the present invention pertains
to new and improved flame heads wherein a venturi type adapter is
fitted to the end of the flame head thereby creating a vacuum
pick-up for coating or abrasive particles which are then propelled
through the flame.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Various methods and apparatus for flame drilling and flame coating
are known in the art. It is well known to use a high velocity,
inert, supersonic flame which is produced in a combustion chamber
when a hydrocarbon fuel is mixed with an oxidant such as air. This
results in a continuous combustion, which, in turn, produces a high
velocity, high temperature, essentially oxygen-free jet flame.
One such prior art flame drilling method and apparatus is disclosed
in Browning, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,463,249, the teachings of
which as to the prior art are incorporated by reference into this
specification. In summary, a high velocity jet flame is produced by
burning a hydrocarbon fuel with air in a combustion chamber under
high pressure. The resulting jet stream composed of the products of
combustion and nitrogen is directed against a rock or mineral mass.
Abrasive particles may be added as a cutting aid where required.
While the method disclosed by Browning has advantages, it is also
apparent that it is not without its drawbacks. For example, if
abrasive particles are to be used in the flame drilling process, it
is necessary to introduce intermittently the abrasive particles by
means of a pressurized pot into the combustion chamber. This
requires additional and costly equipment, together with the
attendant complications of handling and maintaining said equipment.
Furthermore, while the Browning patent describes a modification of
the apparatus therein suitable for using abrasive particles in a
drilling process, there is no teaching or suggestion of any
utilization of the apparatus therein described for coating. Since
such an apparatus produces a jet flame having a very high
temperature and being virgually oxygen free, it would be most
desirable if means could be provided so that a jet flame having
these characteristics could be used to clean a surface and coat it
with organic or inorganic materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The general purpose of this invention is to provide a method and
apparatus for flame cleaning with abrasives, and optionally for
flame cleaning a surface and coating same with organic or inorganic
materials. It is a general purpose of this invention to provide a
method of flame cleaning with abrasives having all of the
advantages of similarly employed prior art devices with none of the
above described disadvantages. In order to attain this, the present
invention provides a unique venturi type adapter that is positioned
at the end of a flame head and which creates a vacuum pick-up for
coating or abrasive particles which are then propelled at a high
velocity and temperature through the jet flame. The vacuum pick-up
eliminates the need for a pressurized container for the materials
which are to be flame sprayed.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a
venturi type attachment that may be positioned at the end of a
flame head and which creates a vaccuum pick-up for particles to be
propelled through the flame.
It is another object of this invention to provide a flame head
suitable for propelling abrasive particles through the flame, and
which does not require the use of a pressurized container for the
abrasive.
Another object of this invention is to provide a flame head
attachment which enables coating particles to be applied through
the exhausting flame.
A further object of this invention is to provide a flame head
suitable for underwater cleaning and coating.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a flame head
suitable for granite channeling, or flame-sand blasting.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a flame head
suitable for producing carbon black.
The foregoing and other objects are attained in accordance with the
present invention by an apparatus having a venturi type attachment
at the end of a flame head. The venturi adapter utilizes the
velocity of the hot gases being emitted from the combustion chamber
to create a vacuum, which may be attached to a non-pressurized
container by suitable connecting means. The vacuum created as the
flame of hot gases passes through the venturi adapter pulls either
the abrasive or coating material from the non-pressurized container
into the flame pattern. These particles of abrasive or coating
material are picked up by the flame from the adapter, accelerated
to a velocity of approximately 3,600 feet per second, and propelled
by the velocity of the supersonic flame onto the surface to be
cleaned or coated. The high temperature of approximately
3,000.degree. F. of the flame also causes a thermal expansion to
take place in the material being treated, thus loosening any loose
or corrosive material on the surface thereof, which in turn is
removed by the velocity of the supersonic flame.
These and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention
will become more fully apparent to those skilled in the art from
the following description of an illustrative embodiment of the
invention and as shown in the annexed Drawings wherein like
reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the
several Figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a flame blasting head incorporating
the venturi abrasive adapter;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a flame head incorporating the
venturi coating adapter;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a flame blasting
adapter of the type shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a flame coating adapter of the type shown
in FIG. 2; and,
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the adapter shown in
FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF AN ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, the flame cleaning device of the present
invention is shown in perspective view, having central pressurized
air and fuel lines 6, and vacuum pick-up lines 18, which lead to a
non-pressurized container or pot 9, which may contain, for example,
abrasive particles. The venturi adapter 15 is attached at the
outlet side of the flame sprayer, and has a terminal orifice 17 at
the distant end thereof.
In FIG. 2, a modification of the apparatus is shown which is
suitable for coating purposes. The venturi adapter 25, having an
aerated powder injector 21, is disposed at right angles to the
outlet orifice 12. A center air line 26 is provided in addition to
the two side vacuum lines 18.
The actual operation of a flame blasting device in accordance with
the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 3. A non-pressurized
abrasive container or pot 9 is filled with abrasive particles 8.
Pressurized air and fuel lines 6 feed into combustion chamber 11,
where the fuel is ignited. The heated, expanding gases are forced
through the head outlet orifice 12, and thence through the stepped
bores B.sub.1, B.sub.2, and B.sub.3 of the venturi adapter 15 of
the present invention. It will be noted that the distant end of the
bore of largest diameter B.sub.3 is the terminal orifice 17. The
pressure in the combustion chamber is generally of the order of 70
psi, resulting in a supersonic jet flame 13, which forms shock
diamonds 14 after passing through the head outlet orifice 12 as the
inert gases are expanded to the atmosphere. The supersonic jet
flame is typically moving at a velocity of about 3,600 feet per
second. As this flame passes the aperatures 16, it creates a vacuum
with the range of 18 to 25 inches of mercury. This vacuum acts
through vacuum lines 18, sucking abrasive particles from the
abrasive container or pot 9 through vacuum abrasive pick-up unit 10
which is provided with an air inlet 19 that may be adjusted to
regulate the amount of abrasive particle pick-up. Thus, the vacuum
created as the flame of hot gases passes through the venturi
adapter pulls the abrasive particles from the non-pressurized
container or pot 9 through the aperatures 16 into the flame
pattern. These abrasive particles are then picked up bythe flame
inside the venturi adapter, and increased to a velocity of
approximately 3,600 feet per second. The particles are propelled by
the velocity of the supersonic flame onto the surfaces to be
cleaned. In a cleaning operation, the high flame temperature of
approximately 3,000.degree. F. also causes a thermal expansion to
take place on the material being cleaned, thus loosening the
corrosive material which is in turn removed by the velocity of the
supersonic flame with the aid of the abrasive particles therein. In
combination with the shock waves and the heat of the flame, a
highly efficient cleaning method is provided, since the flame and
abrasive particles are essentially oxygen-free. Thus, it will be
apparent that this apparatus is suitable for use in a wide variety
of applications, such as cleaning underwater, channeling granite
etc.
In one modification of the present invention, carbon black may be
produced merely by substituting a hydrocarbon compound for the
abrasive particles (usually sand) contained in the pot 9. The
extremely high temperatures of the venturi adapter flame result in
an instantaneous conversion of the hydrocarbons into carbon black,
which is propelled through the supersonic jet flame in the same
manner as the aforementioned abrasive particles.
A modification of the venturi apparatus of the present invention
for coating purposes is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. An air line from a
compressor or other suitable source of pressurized air is shown at
24, which supplies air to be forced through the aerator 23, and
coating particles are then carried upwards by the air flow through
the flufferating screen 22. The particles are maintained in the
upper chamber of the coating aerator by aerator lid 20. These
aerated coating particles 30 are then drawn by the vacuum through
vacuum lines 18 into the venturi injector, then into the supersonic
jet flame 13 where they are melted and fused on the substrate.
The venturi 25 shown in FIG. 5 is disposed at right angles 35 with
respect to the outlet orifice. An air line is provided at 26 to
regulate the rate of coating pick-up. The twin venturi type aerated
powder injector 21 is held in place by one or more injector
securing bands 27, or other suitable means, attached to the burner
tip 33. The combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel and oxidant in the
combustion chamber 11 creates a supersonic jet flame passing
through head outlet orifice 12 at speeds of approximately 3,600
feet per second. A vacuum is created by the flow of these gases at
right angles to the outlet 35 of the venturi coating adapter 25.
Additional vacuum may be provided within the adapter at the
juncture of vacuum lines 18 by forcing air through one or more air
lines 26 that pass into the venturi adapter, thereby aiding the
venturi adapter 25 in introducing coating particles into the
supersonic jet flame. An air flow provided through air line 26 may
serve two main functions: first, to assist in keeping the venturi
adapter cool; second, to increase the velocity of the fine coating
partilces into the jet stream. Thus, if an air line 26 is used,
there will generally be no need for an additional cooling
provision, since it will serve to keep the venturi adapter 25
relatively cool.
METHOD
The method of the present invention utilizes the high velocity,
inert, supersonic flame that is processed in the combustion chamber
where a hydrocarbon fuel is mixed with an oxidant. The high
velocity gases are released through a restricted orifice and are of
a temperature within the range of 2,800.degree.F. to
4,000.degree.F. and travel at a velocity within the range of 3,000
to 3,800 feet per second. Either an abrasive material or protective
coating material is introduced into the jet flame exteriorly of the
combustion chamber. The method of the present invention may be
utilized with either a pressurized or non-pressurized abrasive pot
as the distinctive step advanced in the present method is the
introduction of abrasive or protective coating materials exteriorly
of the combustion chamber. The venturi adaptors which have
heretofore been described in detail are particularly adapted to
this method. The protective coating material may be an organic or
inorganic material as well as blends of organic, blends of
inorganic, or blends of organic and inorganic materials. A
particularly suitable coating is polyethylene. It should be noted
that the present method may be used to clean a surface, to coat a
surface with a protective material, or to both clean and coat.
It will be appreciated that while the foregoing disclosure relates
only to illustrative embodiments of the invention in flame cleaning
with abrasives and flame coating with organic or inorganic
materials, and in the production of carbon black, it is capable of
delivering and coating many materials for various purposes, and
will provide suitable cleaning and coating methods under different
conditions.
* * * * *