U.S. patent number 3,848,873 [Application Number 05/454,903] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-19 for indicators for indicating accelerations in sports equipment which are swung in use.
Invention is credited to David Lees Linning.
United States Patent |
3,848,873 |
Linning |
November 19, 1974 |
INDICATORS FOR INDICATING ACCELERATIONS IN SPORTS EQUIPMENT WHICH
ARE SWUNG IN USE
Abstract
A lightweight indicator appendant to a golf club, or other
sports equipment involving a swinging action in use, gives to the
user of club an indication of any lack of smoothness of his swing
during the actual making of the swing. The indicator is arranged to
be responsive to accelerations of the shaft in directions
transverse to the axis of the shaft. The indicator has a threshold
level of operation and when the threshold is exceeded a movable
part is actuated to produce mechanically, such as by impact between
movable and fixed parts, an audible signal.
Inventors: |
Linning; David Lees (Fearnhead
Warrington, EN) |
Family
ID: |
23806542 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/454,903 |
Filed: |
March 26, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
473/234 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
69/3635 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
69/36 (20060101); A63b 069/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/183,186,194,162,26 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Marlo; George J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Larson, Taylor & Hinds
Claims
I claim:
1. In combination with the shaft of an article of sports equipment
which is swung in use, a lightweight indicator for indicating
predetermined acceleration of the shaft, said indicator comprising
a body part, a movable member part movable in the body part in
response to accelerations of the shaft in directions transverse to
the axis of the shaft during the swinging of the shaft, a stop
member for arresting the movable member part, means on the body
part for secure and demountable attachment of the indicator on said
shaft and means for controlling the movement of said movable member
part so that it moves, at a threshold level of the transverse
acceleration, from a first rest position, through a neutral
equilibrium position to a second rest position at said stop member
and thereby produces mechanically an audible signal on impact with
said stop member.
2. The combination claimed in claim 1 in which said movable member
part comprises a pivoted mass pivotable against the force of a
spring whereby the spring holds the movable member part in said
first rest position and, with pivoting of the mass, the spring
force increases until said neutral equilibrium position is reached
whereupon the spring accelerates the mass towards said second rest
position where the mass strikes the stop member
to produce said audible signal. 3. The combination as claimed in
claim 2 having means to adjust said threshold level, that means
comprising an
adjuster for adjusting the line of action of the spring on the
mass. 4. The combination as claimed in claim 2 having means to
adjust said threshold level, that means comprising an adjuster for
adjusting the
location of said first rest position. 5. The combination as claimed
in
claim 1 having means to adjust said threshold level. 6. The
combination of claim 1 in which said movable member part is exposed
for manual resetting
from said second to said first rest position. 7. The combination of
claim 1 in which there is provided reset means to reset the movable
member part
from said second to said first rest position. 8. The combination of
claim 1 in which the body part and said means on said body part are
formed integrally of plastics material.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to sports equipment, such as golf clubs,
which involve a swinging action in use and the invention provides
an indicator which can be made appendant to the equipment, and
which can indicate to the user of the equipment, whilst making the
swing, certain features of his swing; that is, there is immediate
feed back of information to the user of the equipment.
The nature of the swing of a golf club has been extensively
discussed and written about and the ideal swing is eternally sought
but rarely achieved. It is the applicant's view that a player can
swing more effectively when transverse accelerations (that is, club
head accelerations in directions at right angles to the axis of the
shaft) applied to the golf club are properly controlled and to this
end the present invention provides an indicator which is responsive
to transverse accelerations.
The concept of measuring transverse acceleration of a golf club to
analyse swing is known and in this respect U.S. Pat No. 3,226,704
to Petrash and U.S. pat No. 3,270,564 to Evans are mentioned.
However, the design of known equipment suffers from certain
disadvantages. Certain known equipment tends to be too massive and
hence, when attached to a standard club, it grossly affects swing
weight. Other known equipment tends to be complex and hence costly
and does not provide immediate feed-back of information but
requires a study, after the swing is completed, of a record made
during the swing. The design of certain known equipment also tends
to lack robustness so as to be unable to accept the repeated high
shock loads each time a ball is struck.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is one object of the invention to provide an indicator of simple
construction which can be made appendant to an ordinary golf club
and later removed without affecting the club in any significant
way, thus avoiding the need for a special club.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an indicator of
small mass and size so that, when appended to a club it does not
affect the feel of the club to a significant degree.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an indicator which
produces immediate feed back of an audible signal during the course
of the swing and which is consistently sensitive to a predetermined
threshold transverse acceleration level but robust to withstand
shock loads when a ball is struck.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an indicator which
does not require supplementary devices indirectly associated with
the club to interpret its performance.
The invention provides, in combination with the shaft of an aritcle
of sports equipment which is swung in use, a lightweight indicator
for indicating predetermined acceleration of the shaft, said
indicator comprising a body part, a movable member part movable in
the body part in response to accelerations of the shaft in
directions transverse to the axis of the shaft during the swinging
of the shaft, a stop member for arresting the movable member part,
means on the body part for secure and demountable attachment of the
indicator on said shaft and means for controlling the movement of
said movable member part so that it moves, at a threshold level of
the transverse acceleration, from a first rest position, through a
neutral equilibrium position to a second rest position at said stop
member and thereby produces mechanically an audible signal on
impact with said stop member.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
FIG. 1 shows an indicator according to the invention in use to
detect forcing at the top of a swing of a golf club;
FIG. 2 shows the relative orientation of said indicator on the golf
club;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of said indicator;
FIG. 3a is a sectional plan view of a modification of FIG. 3;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a sectional elevation of an alternative form of
indicator;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another alternative form of
indicator;
FIG. 7 is an external view of the indicator of FIG. 6;
FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 are diagrammatic views of other forms of
indicator.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1 a golfer 10 is shown holding a golf club 11 at the top of
an upswing. The club has securely attached to the shaft 12 thereof
a lightweight indicator 13. The axis of the shaft 12 is represented
by the numeral 99. The direction of acceleration transverse to the
shaft is represented by the arrows 100. The direction in which the
toe of golf club head 14 points is represented by arrow 101.
In FIG. 2 the golfer 10 is shown addressing the ball. An imaginary
clock face 16 is presented in which 9 o'clock represents the
intended line of flight of the ball 15 and 12 o'clock represents
the direction in which the toe 17 of the club points. The indicator
13 is secured to the shaft 12 so that, with the club 11, in the
position shown, the movable member part of the indicator can move
in the 1.30 time direction (arrow 18). This orientation is suited
to the detection of forcing at the top of the swing as per FIG. 1.
The orientation can, however, be varied to suit the character of
the golfer's swing or to detect adverse accelerations transverse to
the shaft at other points of the swing, such as at take-away.
In FIGS. 3 and 4 the indicator 13 is shown as comprising a body
part or housing 20 which has, integral with it, means, in the form
of a arcuate-sectioned strip 21, for secure and demountable
attachment of the indicator 13 on the golf club shaft 12.
Typically, a wound rubber band or adhesive tape 22 could be used
for the attachment.
Within the housing 20 there is a movable member part or
sensorhammer 23. This hammer has drillings 24 which accommodate
stub spindles 25 to allow the hammer to pivot in holes 32 in the
housing 20. Pinned into the upper part of the housing 20 there is a
bridge 26 into which is screwed an adjuster screw 27 which defines
the "starting point" of the hammer 23. The screw and bridge can be
a metal/plastics combination so that the screw is vibration and
shock resistant to unscrewing but at the same time can be adjusted
by hand.
A stop pin 28 is located in the housing 20 for arresting the
movement of hammer 23 and thereby generating mechanically an
audible signal. A tension spring 29 is provided between a spring
anchor pin 30 in the housing 20 and a spring anchor pin 31 in the
hammer 23 so that the spring acts to hold the hammer against the
adjuster screw 27 in the bridge 26. This is the first rest position
of the hammer.
In operation, any acceleration in the direction of the arrow 100
(which direction is transverse to the axis 99 of the shaft 12) will
tend to cause the hammer 23 to pivot in the housing 20. When the
acceleration reaches or exceeds a threshold level the initial
pivoting of hammer 23 will be adequate to overcome the restraint of
the spring 29 and the hammer will move through a neutral
equilibrium position beyond which the tension of the spring acts to
accelerate the hammer 23 to a second rest position so that the
hammer impacts on the stop and thereby produces mechanicially an
audible signal.
A fine range of adjustment is provided by the screw 27. If it is
screwed out of the bridge until the hammer is very close to its
neutral equilibrium position then the threshold of operation will
be very low. If, on the other hand, the screw 27 is screwed into
the bridge a high threshold can be set. The hammer 23 is restored
manually to its first rest position.
In FIG. 3a a body part 20a is shown made from extruded plastics
section. The body part has a clip 21a for gripping a golf club
shaft 12a. The body part has a threaded hole 27a for an adjuster
screw and holes 25b for the pivoting of a sensor-hammer. A stop pin
28a is located in the housing 20a. The pin 28a can be snapped into
position. The thread 27a can accomodate a tight fitting metal
vibration resistant screw. This design exploits the various
characteristics of plastics material to the full to produce a very
low cost article of good quality and performance. A plastic
injection moulding may be used in lieu of an extruded plastic
section. In either case the assembly of the hammer 23 into the body
part 20a requires that the stub spindles 25a be fitted to the unit
through the bush holes 25b of the body part 20a with the hammer in
place. The stub spindles 25a can be a force or push fit in the
hammer, the connection being augmented by a suitable adhesive.
Ample clearance between spindles 25a, and bush holes 25b permits
rotational freedom for the hammer. Alternatively, the spindles 25a
can be fixed rigidly in the body part with ample clearance between
spindles and bush holes in the hammer to permit rotational
freedom.
In FIG. 5 the same basic operation is provided but additionally
other ways of setting the threshold level of operation are shown.
The indicator comprises a framework 40 having a back plate 41 and
two side plates 42. The plate 41 is slotted so that a bracket 43
can pass through the slots for securing the framework 40 to a golf
club shaft 12. A rubber pad 44 is provided as a filler between
shaft 12 and framework 40. A hollow tube 45 spans between side
plates 42 which acts both as an audible signal generating component
and as a strut giving rigidity to the framework.
A mass 46 is pivoted in the side plates 42 at bearings 47 and
carried on arms 48. The mass 46 has a fulcrum screw 49 at which the
top of a spring 50 is attached. The spring is attached at its lower
end to a fulcrum 51 defined by a nut 52 which has a projection 53
movable in a slot 54 defined by a base number 55 of the framework
40. The nut 52 is movable by rotation of an adjuster screw 56 which
is supported in back plate 41 and bracket 57 to vary the line of
action of the spring. The dotted nut 52 shows an alternative
position achieved by adjustment and hence a new line of action of
the spring.
The mass 46 can be provided with an adjusting screw 58 which screws
into a cavity 59 in the mass 46 and is gripped by a compressed
rubber ring 60.
In operation, accelerations in the direction of the arrow 100, that
is transverse to the axis 99 of the golf club shaft 12, tend to
lift the mass 46 away from the plate 41 against the restoring
action of the spring 50. Up to a threshold acceleration the spring
will act to keep the mass against the plate. At or beyond a
threshold of acceleration the mass 46 will move away from plate 41,
through a neutral equilibrium position, in which the fulcrum 51
axis of bearings 47 and fulcrum 49 will all be in line. Beyond the
neutral equilibrium position the spring will act to accelerate the
mass 44 so that it strikes the tube 45 to generate an audible
signal.
Adjustment of threshold can be effected either at screw 58 or at
screw 56. It is not essential that both adjusters are provided. The
mass 46 is restored manually.
In FIGS. 6 and 7 the indicator comprises a casing 70 with a clamp
71 for attachment of the indicator to the shaft 12 of a golf club.
The casing exposes clamping screws 72, a threshold adjusting screw
73 and a restoring lever 74 which emerges from a slot 75 in the
casing 70.
Inside the casing 70 two runners 76 are provided to provide a track
for a steel ball 77 which functions as an inertial mass and also
generates noise when it strikes the casing 70 at the end of the
track provided by the runners 76. The ball normally abuts the
adjusting screw 73 and is held in this position by the action of a
minature ball race 78 on an axle 79. The axle is loaded by leaf
springs 80 so that the ball race 78 presses on the ball 77. The
lever 74 is connected to the axle 79.
In operation, acceleration in the direction 100 tends to cause the
ball 77 to move along the runners 76 but this is resisted by the
restoring force of the springs 80 acting through the ball race 78.
When a threshold of acceleration is exceeded the ball 77 displaces
the ball race 78 to that it is freed from the restraint of the
springs 80 and thereafter the springs act to assist acceleration of
the ball 77 towards the end of the runners 76 when the ball strikes
the casing to generate an audible signal. To restore the ball the
lever 74 is raised and the ball allowed to run back along the
runners 76. To prevent the ball lifting from the runners 76, guard
runners, like runners 76, can be provided above the ball but with
slight clearance with the ball.
Another embodiment can be made to respond to transverse
accelerations in any direction. This embodiment is illustrated in
FIG. 8. A rigid rod 110 in a first equilibrium position is
connected at one end to flexible diaphragm 119 which fits into a
casing 111. A flexible strut 112 is in compression between the
flexible diaphragms 119 and another flexible diaphragm 113, but
whereas it is encastre in diaphragm 119 it is in a free hinge (or
"simply.revreaction. connected) at diaphragm 113. A threshold
transverse force on rod 110, such as could be induced by transverse
acceleration, can cause the rod 110 to move out into a second
equilibrium position and strike the casing 111. In this position
the flexible strut 112 is in a curved configuration, the distance
between the ends of the rod thereby being reduced, and flexible
diaphragm 119 is distorted to hold the rod 110 in its second
position. An adjusting nut 114 and a clip 115 are also provided,
the clip providing means for attaching the indicator to a golf club
shaft.
A further embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 9. Within a casing 121
a rigid crack-shaped lever 122 is located on a beaing 123. The
lever carries at its heel a ball race 124 which bears against a
spring loaded detent 125. The spring load on the detent is
adjustable by screw 126. A transverse acceleration in the
appropriate direction causes the lever 122 to rotate about the
bearing 123 and the ballrace 124 to roll over the spring loaded
detent 125 so that the spring force is acting to force the mass
against the casing 121 and provide an audible signal. The threshold
acceleration required to achieve this is adjustable by varying the
spring load by means of adjustment screw 126. A clip 127 is
provided and a sounding plate 128.
A yet further embodiment (FIG. 10) a casing 141 has two pivot
bearings 142, 143 and a coil spring 144 is held in compression
between these bearings. The upper end of the spring acts on the
bearing 142 through a rod 145 pivoted at the bearing 142, secured
to the upper end of the spring 144, and provided with a hammer head
146. The axis of the spring is, as shown, curved towards the right
hand. When the rod 145 experiences a threshold of acceleration it
moves with a snap, to generate an audible signal as it strikes the
casing 141, and the spring is then curved to the left hand.
Adjustment can be provided by moving the lower bearing to alter the
compression in the spring 144 by adjustment of a screw 146. A clip
147 is provided.
It is desirable that the indicators described above should be small
in size and light in weight. To ensure that the indicators
repeatedly and reproducibly operate very close to their set
thresholds it is desirable that any bearings used should have a low
friction. Minature ball bearings can assist in this respect.
An audible signal may be produced by deflection of a member without
impact, as in a steel leaf clicker.
The springs used in above described indicators have a low spring
rate. Typically the spring 29 has a rate of 1.5 lb/inch.
Indicators as described above weigh less than 1 oz. and typically
about 0.4 oz.
* * * * *