U.S. patent number 3,848,511 [Application Number 05/362,133] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-19 for gas utilization device for automatic guns, more particularly for automatic shotguns.
This patent grant is currently assigned to S.p.A. Luigi Moranchi. Invention is credited to Ernesto Zanoni.
United States Patent |
3,848,511 |
Zanoni |
November 19, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
GAS UTILIZATION DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC GUNS, MORE PARTICULARLY FOR
AUTOMATIC SHOTGUNS
Abstract
The barrel of an automatic shotgun is provided with a downwardly
depending cylindrical element which enclosed a portion of the
cylindrical magazine. A sleeve-like element is slidably mounted on
the magazine within the cylindrical element and an annular gas
chamber is defined between the sleeve-like element and the
cylindrical element. At least one communication aperture is formed
between the barrel and the annular chamber and gas seals are
provided between the sleeve-like element and the cylindrical
element on opposite sides of the annular chamber. The recoil mass
is slidably mounted on the cylindrical magazine adjacent the
sleeve-like member so that the gases entering the annular chamber
will drive the sleeve-shaped element against the recoil mass to
actuate the mechanisms of the gun.
Inventors: |
Zanoni; Ernesto (Brescia,
IT) |
Assignee: |
S.p.A. Luigi Moranchi (Brescia,
IT)
|
Family
ID: |
11214010 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/362,133 |
Filed: |
May 21, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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May 19, 1972 [IT] |
|
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024571/72 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
89/191.02 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
5/26 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
5/00 (20060101); F41A 5/26 (20060101); F41d
005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;89/191A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bentley; Stephen C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, Zinn &
Macpeak
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A gas utilization device for automatic guns, more particularly
automatic shotguns of the type which comprise a cylindrical
magazine extending parallel to the barrel of the gun and below the
same, said device being characterized in that it comprises a
cylindrical element connected to the barrel and enclosing a part of
the magazine, a substantially sleeve-like element slidably and
coaxially mounted on at least the said part of the magazine, an
annular chamber defined between said sleeve-like element and the
cylindrical element, means for sealing the gas under pressure to
isolate said chamber from said part of the magazine, an annular
piston connected externally and coaxially to the substantially
sleeve-like element, a recoil mass slidably mounted on the magazine
outside the cylindrical element adjacent said sleeve-like element,
at least one communication aperture between the barrel and the
annular chamber formed between the cylindrical element and the
substantially sleeve-like element; the gases entering in said
chamber driving the annular piston and the substantially
sleeve-shaped element against the recoil mass thereby causing
activation of the mechanisms of the gun.
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means
for sealing the gas under pressure to isolate the annular chamber
from said part of the magazine comprises a plurality of annular
shoulders defined on the lateral internal surface of the
cylindrical element in front of the communication aperture between
the barrel and the annular chamber; said shoulders being in
constant sliding contact in a gas sealing manner with the
substantially sleeve-like element.
3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the
substantially sleeve-like element is provided at the rear of the
annular piston with a plurality of annular rims having an external
diameter equal to the outer diameter of said annular piston and
constituting, in effect, gas sealing elements in contact with the
lateral internal surface of the cylindrical element.
4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the
substantially sleeve-like element is provided at its end with
arresting means cooperating with the base of the cylindrical
element and designed to limit the course of the annular piston and
to accurately position the annular piston within the cylinder
before each shot.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a gas operated device for
automatic guns, more particularly but not exclusively for automatic
guns.
2. Prior Art
In connection with the above type of guns, it is known in the art
to base the operation of the mechanisms for the automatic loading
of the gun and the structure and interconnection of these
mechanisms on the principle of using the energy of the shot gas
(more precisely, the energy from the gas) to drive a mobile recoil
mass, which, in its reciprocating movement as each shot is fired,
activates the above-mentioned mechanisms.
It is also known in the art to use a so-called shot chamber gas
utilization device for exploiting the energy from the gas. The most
common form of this device consists essentially of a
cylinder-piston unit. The piston in this unit is driven by the shot
chamber gas obtained from the barrel of the gun inside the cylinder
and it transfers this drive to the aforesaid mobile recoil mass
which activates the mechanisms of the autoloading gun. More
precisely, a shot chamber gas utilization device of the
above-mentioned type comprises essentially a cylindrical element
integral with the barrel of the gun and enclosing a part of the
cartridge magazine, which with the internal surface of the cylinder
forms an annular chamber closed at the front.
This chamber is in communication by way of apertures provided in
the wall of the barrel and in the wall of the cylinder with the
interior of the barrel of the gun. The device also comprises a
piston consisting of an annular element (ring-shaped) slidably
mounted outside of the aforesaid part of the magazine within the
chamber defined by the cylinder and the magazine itself. The gas
obtained from within the barrel of the gun in the abovementioned
annular chamber acts on the annular piston driving it rapidly
towards and against the recoil mass, which generally consists of a
sleeve element slidably and externally connected to the magazine
and in contact with the piston.
To ensure the necessary sealing of the annular piston and the
magazine on which the former is slidably mounted, this connection
is provided with a relatively large amount of friction while
simultaneously ensuring the desired sealing with respect to the
shot chamber gas (under pressure) and the necessary mobility of the
piston. Owing to the prearranged value of the friction, the course
of the piston outside the cylinder is extremely limited since as
soon as the piston leaves the annular chamber of the cylinder the
gases begin to expand in a chamber with larger dimensions in
communication with the atmosphere. The repositioning of the annular
piston inside the cylinder for the utilization of the energy from
the gases of a successive firing is effected by the same recoil
mass, which, driven by a previously compressed spring, returns to
the initial position. Examples of the known devices described above
are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,909,101 and 3,200,710.
However, there is a technical problem which affects the known gas
utilization devices of the type described above. This problem,
which has hitherto remained unsolved, involves serious
disadvantages. More precisely, this technical problem consists in
that the shot combustion gases in the chamber defined by the
cylinder and the part of the magazine enclosed by the cylinder are
in contact with the outer lateral surface of the magazine thereby
causing the formation on the same of deposits and directly to the
formation of scale. These deposits in turn increase the friction
between the mobile annular piston and the aforesaid part of the
magazine on which the piston slides. This causes a reduction in the
amount of drive which the piston exercises on the mobile recoil
mass. This reduction increases with the frequency of use of the
gun.
Along with this reduction there is the possibility of undesired
jamming of the weapon. To prevent this, frequent cleaning and
maintenance of the parts constituting the gas utilization device,
is necessary. In addition to these disadvantages, a further
disadvantage consists in that, owing to his inexperience or
insufficient knowledge of the reciprocal connection of the elements
constituting the device, the user frequently has to call on the
services of a mechanic for the maintenance of the gun.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the present invention is to provide a gas
utilization device, the structural and functional features of which
are such as to effectively solve the above technical problem, i.e.,
to provide a shot gas utilization device, the structure of which is
such as to prevent contact between the gas and the outer lateral
surface of the magazine thereby preventing the formation of
deposits or scale between this surface and the piston which slides
on the same.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device of
the above-mentioned type, the structural and operational features
of which, apart from ensuring prolonged use of the gun on which the
device has been fitted and also more reliable operation than the
known devices, also render the device easy to produce and to fit on
automatic guns presently in use, without requiring special
adjustment of the structure of the gun itself. Neither will the
application of this device require the use of other mechanisms or
of numerous other constitutive elements, which would in some way
complicate the already complicated structure of an automatic
gun.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a shot gas
utilization device which is relatively simple to produce and
implement by way of known processes and using commercially
available materials thereby rendering the device profitable from a
stictly economical standpoint.
These and other objects, which will be made more apparent in the
following description are achieved by a shot gas utilization device
for automatic guns, more particularly for shotguns, comprising a
cylindrical cartridge magazine extending parallel to the barrel of
the gun. According to the invention, this device is characterized
in that it comprises a cylindrical element connected to the barrel
and enclosing a part of the magazine, a substantially sleeve-like
element slidably and coaxially mounted on at least the
above-mentioned part of the magazine and forming with the
cylindrical element an annular chamber, means for sealing gas under
pressure to isolate the chamber from the enclosed part of the
magazine, an annular piston externally and coaxially connected to
the substantially sleeve-like element, with which is joined in
translation a recoil mass slidably mounted on the magazine outside
the cylindrical element, at least one communication aperture
between the barrel and the annular chamber formed by the
cylindrical element and the substantially sleeve-like element; the
gases entering the above chamber driving the substantially
sleeve-like element against the recoil mass to activate the
mechanisms of the gun.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention
will be made apparent in the following detailed description of a
preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a shot gas utilization
device for automatic guns according to the invention provided by
way of a non-limitative example with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of an automatic shotgun
on which the gas utilization device according to the invention has
been fitted,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a gas utilization device according
to the invention with the parts separated,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale of a gas
utilization device according to the present invention,
FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV--IV of FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With reference to the above figures, the shot gas utilization
device according to the present invention is illustrated in use on
an automatic shotgun, diagrammatically indicated by 1 in FIG. 1,
and comprising a cylindrical cartridge magazine 2 closed at the
front by a threaded plug 3 and extending parallel to the barrel 4
of the gun below said barrel.
The shot gas utilization device according to the present invention
comprises a cylindrical element 5 rigidly connected to the barrel 4
and enclosing a part of the magazine 2. A sleeve element 6 is
slidably mounted with a certain amount of friction on the aforesaid
part of the magazine. This sleeve element 6 defines with the
lateral internal surface of the cylindrical element 5 an annular
chamber 7. This annular chamber 7 is in communication with the
interior of the barrel 4 of the automatic gun by way of a couple of
apertures 8 and 9 (FIG.4) provided in the wall of the barrel and
the cylindrical element 5, and extending in an inclined manner
downwards and towards the back of the barrel 4. The lateral
internal surface of the cylindrical element 5 defines, in front, at
the mouth of the apertures 8 and 9 in the annular chamber 7, a
plurality of spaced annular shoulders 10 constituting, in effect,
the gas sealing rings in contact with the lateral, outer surface of
the sleeve element 6. The gas utilization device according to the
present invention also comprises an annular piston 11 solidly
connected externally to the sleeve element 6, with which it forms a
single piece. Advantageously, further annular rims 12 and 13 having
an external diameter equal to the outer diameter of the annular
piston 11 and constituting the elements for sealing the gas under
pressure in contact with the lateral internal surface of the
cylindrical element 5, are provided downstream of the annular
piston 11 on the sleeve element 6. Outside the cylindrical element
5, the sleeve element 6 defines a final annular rim 14 having an
outer diameter which is larger than the internal diameter of the
cylindrical element 5 and which, advantageously, is equal to the
outer diameter of the cylindrical element 5. The sleeve element 6
is provided outside the cylindrical element 5 and at its end
opposite to the end provided with the annular rim 14, with an
arresting element 15 (FIG. 3). This arresting element 15
advantageously consists of a pair of half rings 16 and 17 (FIG.2)
connected externally to the sleeve element 6 by way of an elastic
band 18. This arresting element 15 has an larger outer diameter
than the internal diameter of the cylindrical element 5.
A recoil mass generally indicated by 19 in FIG. 2, is slidably
mounted on the magazine 2 of the gun on which the gas utilization
device according to the invention is fitted. This recoil mass
consists of a sleeve element 20 terminating at the front in an
annular rim 21 having the same diameter and shape as the annular
rim 14 at the end of the sleeve element 6 with which it is intended
to cooperate. Rigidly connected to the sleeve 20 are prepositioned
shaft-like elements or rods 22 and 23 for the activation of the
mechanisms normally provided in automatic shot guns for the
automatic loading process. The above described device and the
recoil mass, which constitutes part thereof, are housed in the
stock 24 of the gun, forming a chamber 25 of large dimensions,
which communicates with the atmosphere via the apertures 26.
The shot gas utilization device according to the invention operates
as follows: When the automatic gun is ready to be fired, the device
according to the invention is in the position indicated in FIG. 3,
more precisely, the terminal or rear annular rim 14 of the sleeve
element 6 is in contact with the rear mouth of the cylindrical
element 5 while the annular piston 11 is positioned close to the
openings of the passages 8 and 9 in the annular chamber 7 defined
by the cylindrical element 5 and the sleeve element 6. The front
end 21 of the recoil mass 19 is in contact with the terminal
annular rim 14 of the sleeve element 6. This contact is maintained
by the spring means normally provided in the mechanisms of an
automatic shotgun. These means are not represented.
After a shot has been fired, as soon as the charge clears the
openings of the passages 8 and 9 in the barrel 4 of the gun, some
of the gas reaches the interior of the chamber 7. There the gas
acts on the annular piston 11, which, together with the sleeve
element 6 moves rapidly backwards driving the recoil mass 19
against the spring means (not shown). The course of the annular
piston 11 and the sleeve element 6, with which the piston forms a
single piece, has a value slightly greater than the length of the
cylindrical element 5 at the rear of the passages 8 and 9. In fact,
as soon as the annular piston 11 leaves the sealing engagement with
the lateral internal surface of the cylindrical element 5, the
gases, which were at first under pressure in the cylinder 7, expand
in the larger chamber 25 and from there are discharged outside the
stock 24 by way of the apertures 26. The action of the gases on the
piston 11 then begins to cease. Owing to the friction normally
present with the sleeve element 6 slidably mounted on the magazine
2, this action stops almost instantaneously. Furthermore, the
arresting element 15 is provided to ensure that this arrest occurs.
This element 15 is mounted outside the sleeve element 6 at a
distance from the front end of the cylinder 5 corresponding to the
course of the piston. The return movement of the sleeve element 6
and the annular piston 11, which is integral therewith, to the
initial position, is governed by the return of the recoil mass 19
driven by the spring means.
It is apparent from all that has been described and illustrated
that the gas utilization device according to the present invention
completely fulfils the aims in view and resolves the previously
defined technical problem. The shot gases are actually no longer in
contact with the magazine 2 on which slide both the sleeve element
6 with the annular piston 11 and the recoil mass 19. Apart from the
presence of the sleeve element 6, the isolation of the magazine
from contact with the gases is further ensured by the presence of
the sealing rings 10 defined inside the cylindrical element 5, at
the front of the passages 8 and 9 and by the sealing rings 12 and
13 integral with the sleeve element 6 at the rear of the annular
piston 11. A constructive feature which constitutes one of the
features according to the invention and which is intended to ensure
the above-mentioned isolation of the magazine from the gases, thus
solving the technical problem cited initially, consists in that the
sleeve element 6 is provided with greater length than the course of
the annular piston 11 when driven by the gases.
The above described invention may obviously be modified in various
ways without departing from the scope thereof. It is also possible
to replace elements by equivalent technical elements. The materials
used and dimensions employed may vary as necssary.
* * * * *