U.S. patent number 3,848,118 [Application Number 05/338,683] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-12 for jet printer, particularly for an ink ejection printing mechanism.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Olympia Werke AG. Invention is credited to Eilt-Heyo Rittberg.
United States Patent |
3,848,118 |
Rittberg |
November 12, 1974 |
JET PRINTER, PARTICULARLY FOR AN INK EJECTION PRINTING
MECHANISM
Abstract
In a jet printer including a compression chamber having one end
provided with a discharge nozzle via which printing ink is
propelled onto the surface of paper to be printed, and its other
end communicating with an ink reservoir, the volume of the
compression chamber being made to vary by an exciter system, a
fluidic component having a non-reciprocal flow characteristic is
disposed in the ink flow path between the reservoir and the chamber
to cause the resistance to flow from the chamber toward the
reservoir to be higher than in the opposite direction.
Inventors: |
Rittberg; Eilt-Heyo
(Wilhelmshaven, DT) |
Assignee: |
Olympia Werke AG
(Wilhelmshaven, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
25762835 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/338,683 |
Filed: |
March 5, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/101; 310/328;
310/330; 347/68; 347/48; 137/803; 239/102.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/055 (20130101); Y10T 137/206 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/055 (20060101); B05b 001/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/4,101,102 ;346/75
;137/833,841 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Love; John J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Spencer & Kaye
Claims
I claim:
1. In a jet printer including a compression chamber having one end,
arranged to face the surface to be printed, provided with a
discharge nozzle and its other end provided with an inlet for the
printing liquid coming from a reservoir, and an exciter system
arranged to vary the volume of the chamber in brief pressure
surges, the improvement comprising a fluidic component constituted
by a nozzle and an associated impact plate disposed at the printing
liquid inlet to said chamber and constituting a non-reciprocal flow
element presenting a resistance to flow of liquid which has a
higher value for flow in the direction from said chamber toward the
reservoir than in the opposite direction.
2. Jet printer as defined in claim 1, further comprising a liquid
intake channel between said other end of said chamber and the
reservoir and wherein said nozzle is disposed at said other end of
said chamber and has the form of an intake nozzle, and said impact
plate is disposed closely opposite said nozzle with the space
therebetween constituting part of said intake channel.
3. Jet printer as defined in claim 1, further comprising a supply
channel connected to the reservoir and wherein: said fluidic
component comprises two channels each having an inlet end opening
into said supply channel; and said compression chamber is
constituted by two compression channels each communicating with a
respective one of said fluidic component channels, said compression
channels being joined together at said discharge nozzle.
4. Jet printer as defined in claim 3, wherein said inlet ends of
said fluidic component channels open perpendicularly into said
supply channel.
5. Jet printer as defined in claim 3, wherein said inlet ends of
said fluidic component channels open tangentially into said supply
channel in respectively opposite directions such that said inlet
ends point toward one another.
6. Jet printer as defined in claim 3, wherein each of said
compression channels has an elastic wall portion arranged to coact
with said exciter system in order to produce a change in the volume
of said compression channels.
7. Jet printer as defined in claim 1, wherein a portion of said
compression chamber is constituted by an elastic tube and said
exciter system comprises a piezotoroid enclosing said tube and
arranged to contract said tube radially to vary the volume of said
compression chamber.
8. Jet printer as defined in claim 7, further comprising a fixed
cylindrical body disposed in, and spaced radially from the walls
of, said tube to define therewith annular compression chamber
region.
9. Jet printer as defined in claim 1, further comprising a
cylindrical body in which said chamber is disposed in a manner such
that the liquid flow path between said inlet and siad discharge
nozzle is along the axis of said body;
a cover plate having a deflectable membrane associated with said
exciter system, said membrane being disposed opposite an axial face
of said body at the inlet end thereof and being spaced from said
axial face to define a circular capillary channel therewith, said
channel constituting the printing liquid inlet of said chamber and
having an inlet opening in the form of a slit extending around the
entirety of its circular outer periphery; and
means defining an annular liquid intake channel communicating
between said inlet opening and the reservoir; and
wherein said inlet opening constitutes said nozzle and said impact
plate is a circular impact plate disposed in said intake channel
facing said inlet opening.
10. Jet printer as defined in claim 9, wherein said inlet opening
has the form of an annular nozzle.
11. Jet printer as defined in claim 9 wherein the impact surface of
said impact plate has the form of a cylinder normal to, and
centered on, the median plane of said circular capillary channel
and the height of said plate is between 2 and 2.5 times the height
of said inlet opening normal to such plane.
12. Jet printer as defined in claim 9, further comprising a base
element having a hollow interior in which said cover plate and
cylindrical body are disposed, said cover plate and cylindrical
body being rigidly connected to said base element; and wherein said
base element, said cover plate and said cylindrical body are formed
to define said liquid intake channel between them, and said impact
plate is constituted by a member integral with, and protruding into
the hollow interior of, said base element.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a jet printer, particularly for an
ink ejection printing mechanism, including a chamber whose end
facing the paper to be printed is provided with a discharge nozzle,
whose other end is provided with an intake for the printing liquid
coming from a reservoir, and whose volume can be varied by
temporary pressure surges produced by an exciter system.
Devices of this type are known in which the ink, which is under
pressure in an ink reservoir, is transferred to a tube having a
discharge nozzle. With the aid of electromechanical transducers,
the tube, is subjected to periodic elongations, and thus
constrictions in diameter, which cause the ink to exit from the
housing in the form of ink droplets. The electromechanical
transducers here consist of piezoelectric quartz crystals which are
polarized so that they axially contract or expand when a voltage is
applied.
The structure of this known device is very complicated and
requires, inter alia, an arrangement for producing an excess
pressure. Moreover, since the stream of ink droplets can not be
abruptly cut off, it must be electrically charged so that it can be
deflected when no printing is to take place. Thus an additional
deflection system must be provided similar to that used for the
electron beam in cathode-ray tubes.
An apparatus has been proposed for producing pressure pulses in a
chamber filled with a liquid matter where the chamber, on the other
hand, is closed off by a membrane and, on the other hand, is in
communication with a discharge channel and an intake channel for
the printing liquid coming from a reservoir.
The volume in this chamber can be varied by driving the movable
membrane by means of an electromechanical transducer. In
conjunction with a hydrodynamic decoupling of the liquid streams at
the discharge nozzle, individual ink droplets are produced in this
manner. The drawback is here the complicated filling of the
capillary chambers with liquid, which must take place in a vacuum.
Moreover, the structure is still rather complicated.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a jet printer
in which the refilling of the capillary chambers with liquid can
take place without the need of a vacuum, which is extremely
dependable, and which permits rapid operation with uniform printing
quality.
This is accomplished, according to the present invention, in that a
fluidic component is disposed at the point where the intake channel
for the printing liquid opens into the chamber, the flow resistance
of this fluidic component being very high in the direction from the
chamber to the intake channel and very low in the opposite
direction. The non-reciprocal, or diode effect of these fluidic
components is produced only by physical effects of the stream
deflection or by mutual influence of the liquid streams. Such
fluidic components have been found to permit a simple and compact
structure for an ink ejection head.
In an advantageous embodiment, the fluidic component is a nozzle
impact plate system at the intake side. The fluidic component can
also be made to produce a diode effect through a mutual influencing
of liquid streams in that the component is provided with two
channels which end at one side in the discharge nozzle and at the
other side in an intake channel to the reservoir, which channel is
perpendicular to the above-mentioned two channels. The opening of
the channels into the intake channel may either be perpendicular or
tangential and the channels maybe directed toward one another. The
particular advantage of these fluidic components is that they are
particularly simple and robust in structure. They also permit
refilling the reservoir without a vacuum.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the
present invention, with two channels which open into the intake
channel in a perpendicular direction.
FIG. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2, but with mutually
tangentially directed channel openings.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a detail view, to an enlarged scale of part of the device
of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes an axially symmetrical
housing 1 whose axis is horizontal in the drawing and whose axial
end facing the printed paper is provided with a nozzle body 3 with
a discharge nozzle 5. This discharge nozzle 5 is preceded by a
chamber 7 into which an elastic tube 9 is inserted. The other end
of this tube 9 is connected with a chamber 11 of a second nozzle
body 13 which is kept at a distance from the first nozzle body 3 in
housing 1 by a spacer ring 15. The chambers 9, 11 are connected
with chamber 19 constituting in the space beween the cylindrical
body 40 and the elastic tube 9.
In the space 17 between the nozzle bodies 3 and 13 the elastic wall
constituting the tube 9 is enclosed by a piezotoroid 21 serving as
the exciter system. The elastic wall 9 and the exciter system may
of course also have different structures.
The chamber 11 in nozzle body 13 includes an intake nozzle 23 which
is in communication with a reservoir 29 via an intermediate chamber
25 and a connecting channel 27. The intermediate chamber 25 is
disposed between the nozzle body 13 and an end piece 39 spaced from
nozzle body 13 by a distance defined by a spacer ring 37. In the
intermediate chamber 25 the end piece 39 has a protrusion in the
form of an impact plate close to and facing intake nozzle 23.
If a signal source 35 transmits voltage pulses through line wires
31 and 33 to the piezotoroid 21, the latter contracts radially due
to its polarization. Thus mechanical pressure pulses are given to
the elastic tube so that the volume in the compression chambers 7,
11, 19 is reduced. Because of the nozzle impact plate systems 23,
41 constituting the fluidic component on the intake side of the
compression chamber the flow resistance is greater at the intake
side of the compression chamber when fluid is displaced than on the
outlet side of the compression chambers 7, 11, 19, at which the
discharge nozzle 5 is disposed.
When the piezotoroid 21 swings back into its starting position a
subatmospheric pressure is produced in the compression chambers 7,
11, 19 which causes ink to be sucked through the intake nozzle 23
from the reservoir 29 via channel 27 and intermediate chamber 25.
During this operation, the flow resistance on the outlet side 5 of
the compression chamber is greater than on the intake side 23.
During this suction phase the capillary force of the ink in the
discharge nozzle 5 must be great enough that no air is sucked into
the compression chambers 7, 11, 19. Coaction of the nozzle impact
plate arrangements 23, 41 at the intake side with the discharge
nozzle 5 on the outlet side thus produces a hydrodynamic valve.
In order to achieve a high operating speed, an advantageous
embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a
cylindrical body 40 which is fixed to body 13, by suitable means,
such as circumferentially spaced, radially projecting struts, and
which is arranged in the elastic tube 9 in such a way as to define
an annular compression chamber therewith. This produces a high
volume change or compression ratio for the compression chamber,
this ratio being determined by the chamber volume corresponding to
the starting position and the contracted position, respectively, of
piezotoroid 21.
The arrangement of the nozzle impact plate system on the inlet side
and the discharge nozzle at the outlet side of compression chambers
7, 11, 19 produces a jet printer which is simple in structure and
operation and in which it is possible to fill the capillary
chambers without maintaining a vacuum.
The present invention is in no way limited to the embodiment of
FIG. 1. Rather, deviations from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are
possible within the scope of the invention, these deviations being
represented by structural modifications which conform to the
required conditions and dimensions.
Thus, for example, the fluidic component at the intake of the
chamber may include two channels 43 and 45 as shown in FIG. 2, each
of which has an inlet end which opens into a supply channel 51
which is perpendicular to these channels and which leads to a
reservoir (not shown).
The other ends of the channels 43 and 45 are in communication with
a discharge nozzle 57 via respective compression chambers 52 and
54. The inlet opening of the channels 43 and 45 may here be
perpendicular to the supply channel as shown in FIG. 2, so that the
diode effect is created by a nozzle impact plate arrangement.
On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, channels 63
and 65 are arranged tangentially to one another and open into
supply channel 61. The pressures are here compensated by the
oppositely directed flows of the ink toward channel 61 in such a
way that the ink in the compression chamber 62 and 64 is forced to
flow in the direction of the discharge nozzle 67.
To produce ink droplets it is of course also sufficient to have
only one compression chamber in communication with the discharge
nozzle 57.
In the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3, the compression chambers 52,
54 and 62, 64 are formed of two channels which are parallel to each
other between their ends. In these areas, the compression chambers
52, 54 and 62, 64 have elastic walls 53, 55 and 73, 75,
respectively, the pair of walls of each chamber being disposed
opposite one another and driven by a common oscillation exciter 56
or 66, which may be a piezocrystal. The compression chambers 52, 54
and 62, 64 may of course also be driven by separate exciter
systems. In order to realize a valve effect on the intake side
during the ejection of an ink droplet it is necessary for both
exciter systems to be driven simultaneously.
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show an ink injection head for a printing
mechanism including a cylindrical body 83 with a continuous fluid
chamber 85. This fluid chamber 85 is covered by a plate 87 at the
end facing the printing paper, the cover being provided with a
discharge nozzle 89. The cylindrical body 83 is inserted into a
base body 81 and permanently connected therewith, for example by a
solder connection. The base body 81 is also permanently connected
with a membrane 93 which is closely opposite the body 83 in order
to form therewith a circular capillary chamber 95. The membrane 93
is part of a cover plate 91 and is arranged to be driven, or
deflected by means of a piezoelectric crystal 97 in order to
displace a volume of liquid from the capillary chamber 95.
On its periphery the capillary chamber 95 has a contiguous slit
opening 99 which communicates with annular inlet channels 101, 103.
These inlet channels 101, 103 include interconnected annular
channels 101 and 103 which are bounded by bodies 81 and 83 and by
the plane 104, between body 83 and cover plate 91 and plane 106
between bodies 81 and 83.
Between these annular channels 101 and 103 there is disposed an
impact plate 105 constituted by a protrusion 107 in base body 81
and located closely opposite the slit opening 99. The annular
channel 101 in cover plate 91 is connected with annular channel 103
via a plurality of bores 109 which are distributed around the
periphery of the assembly. Furthermore, the annular channel 103 is
in communication with an ink reservoir (not shown) via a connecting
line 111. The slit opening 99 has the shape of a nozzle in the
direction toward intake channels 101 and 103.
The operation of the arrangement of FIGS. 4-6 is as follows:
If a signal source sends a voltage pulse to the piezocrystal 97,
the crystal contracts radially due to its polarization and bends
through toward the inside. This produces a pressure pulse which is
transmitted to the liquid in the capillary chamber 95 and in
chamber 85.
The nozzle impact plate system 99, 105 forms a fluidic component
and is so designed that this pressure increase in the compression
chambers 85, 95 will not cause liquid to be propelled back to the
reservoir. Thus the pressure wave in the liquid is advantageously
directed toward the outlet nozzle 89, a single droplet being
ejected from the outlet nozzle 89 with each pressure pulse.
When the piezocrystal 95 swings back to its starting position, a
subatmospheric pressure is produced in compression chambers 85, 95
which causes liquid to be drawn from the reservoir through line 111
and annular channels 101, 103 and to quickly flow into capillary
chamber 95.
In order to permit favorable replenishment conditions, the slit
opening 99 is disposed in line with the center of impact plate 105,
the ratio between the height of the opening 99 and the height of
the impact plate 105 both in the direction of the axis of element
83, lying between 1/2 and 1/2.5. During the time when the voltage
pulse drops or returns to zero the direction of the fluid stream in
the connection channel between the opening 99 and the channels 101.
103 is reversed, the fluid can now sucked in the compression
chambers 85, 95 without an affective flow resistance.
On the other hand, these geometric dimensions also establish an
effective flow resistance toward the reservoir for the liquid when
a droplet is to be ejected from the outlet nozzle 89.
The ejection head consists of simple cylindrical parts and can thus
be easily installed. All surfaces of the ejection head which must
have close tolerances lie on planes of separation between members.
An ejection head having a plurality of ejection units in a single
plane also requires only a few simple operating steps for its
fabrication.
It will be understood that the above description of the present
invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and
adaptations, and the same are intended to be comprehended within
the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
* * * * *