U.S. patent number 3,846,800 [Application Number 05/403,149] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-05 for ink jet recording method and apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Winston H. Chen.
United States Patent |
3,846,800 |
Chen |
November 5, 1974 |
INK JET RECORDING METHOD AND APPARATUS
Abstract
A base voltage of one polarity and signal voltages of the
opposite polarity are applied to the charging electrode of an ink
jet printer in selected sequences, so that two or more oppositely
charged drops merge in flight to produce larger drops, thus
controlling not only the placing of the drops on a document but the
density of the printing also.
Inventors: |
Chen; Winston H. (Vestal,
NY) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23594641 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/403,149 |
Filed: |
October 3, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
347/76;
347/15 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/2128 (20130101); B41J 2/185 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/21 (20060101); G01d 015/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/1,75 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hartary; Joseph W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Giolma; Francis V.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a method of printing on a document wherein ink is supplied to
a nozzle under pressure and varicosities are produced in the ink
stream to cause the stream to break up into uniformly sized and
spaced drops in the region of a charging electrode which is
energized to charge selected ones of said drops for causing them to
deflect while passing through an electric field, the improvement
which comprises;
energizing said charging electrode with signal voltages of one
polarity at spaced time intervals to charge spaced ink drops to
deflect them onto said document in a predetermined pattern, and
energizing said charging electrode at intervening time intervals
with a base voltage of the opposite polarity and sufficient value
to cause selected ones of said signal voltage charged drops to
merge in flight before being deflected to print on said
document.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1 characterized by every other
ink drop being charged by a signal voltage and the intervening
drops being charged by a uniform base voltage so that pairs of
adjacent drops merge in flight to form larger drops with a
resultant increase in the density of the printing.
3. The invention as defined in claim 1 characterized by every
fourth drop being charged by a signal voltage, and the two drops on
either side of each such fourth drop being charged with a base
voltage of the opposite polarity so that three successive ink drops
combine in flight and form a larger drop with a resultant increase
in print density.
4. In an ink drop printer having a nozzle for producing a stream of
ink drops,
transducer means associated with said nozzle for producing
varicosities in the ink stream to insure uniform drop
formation,
clock means for applying timed pulses to said transducer means,
a charging electrode positioned in predetermined spaced relation
with said nozzle for charging selected ones of said ink drops,
deflection means providing a field beyond said charging electrode
to deflect said charged ink drops,
and means connecting said charging electrode to a source of data
signals,
the improvement comprising circuit means connected between said
charging electrode and said source of data signals and said clock
means for selectively charging selected spaced ink drops with
predetermined data signals of one polarity and intervening drops
with a uniform base voltage of the opposite polarity to cause
selected ones of said data signal charged ink drops and said base
voltage charged ink drops and said base voltage charged ink drops
to combine in flight before being deflected by said deflecting
field.
5. The invention as defined in claim 4 characterized by said
circuit means including logic means and a differential amplifier
connected between the charging electrode and the data source and
said clock means operable to selectively gate inputs to said
differential amplifier from said data source and said clock
means.
6. The invention as defined in claim 5 characterized by said
circuit means including gating means connecting said data source
and a source of base voltage to said differential amplifier.
7. The invention as defined in claim 6 characterized by said logic
means functioning in accordance with the following truth table:
where A and B are gray scale binary signals from the datas source,
G and D are the gating signals for data source and base voltage
signals respectively, and V1, V2 and V3 are the charging voltages
applied to drops 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to ink jet printing methods and
apparatus, and it has reference in particular to drop size and
print density control in ink jet printing.
2. Description of the Prior Art
U.S. Pat. No. 3,465,351 which issued on Sept. 2, 1969 to R. I.
Keur, et al., entitled "Ink Drop Writing Apparatus" describes a
phase correction system in which a 33KHz test signal is applied to
drops formed at a 66KHz rate so that only every other drop is
charged, and charged and uncharged drops combine and are detected
by a target to check for proper phasing of drop formation and
charging signal. ink jet printer.
U.S. Pat. NO. 3,596,276, which issued on July, 27, 1971 to
Lovelady, et al., entitled "Ink Jet Printer with Droplet Phase
Control Means" discloses the application of a negative sawtooth
test signal during non-printing intervals for the purposes of
detecting and correcting phase errors between the drop formation
and the drop charging in an
U.S. Pat. No. 3,604,846 which issued on Sept. 14, 1971 to D.
Behane, et al., discloses gray scale printing by assigning from
zero to nine separate drops of ink to a unit area in accordance
with the darkness of a surface being copied, in order to vary the
density of printing.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Generally stated, it is an object of this invention to provide an
improved method of ink jet printing.
Another object of the invention is to provide a simple and
effective ink jet printer for gray scale printing.
It is an important object of the invention to provide for so
charging successive drops in an ink jet printer that they attract
each other and merge into larger drops in flight.
Another important object of the invention is to provide for
selectively charging alternate drops in a stream of ink drops with
opposite polarities so that they merge in predetermined
arrangements.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide for selectively
charging different drops in an ink jet printer as they form in
accordance with data signals and a base signal of a different
polarity so that they combine in flight according to different
predetermined patterns.
By charging the drops of successive pairs of drops, one with a base
voltage of one polarity and the other with a signal voltage of the
opposite polarity, the two drops of each pair may be made to
combine in flight and form larger drops prior to being deflected
onto the document for printing.
Print density may be controlled in an ink jet printer by
selectively charging alternate drops of ink with a base voltage of
one polarity and signal voltages of the opposite polarity to cause
different numbers of the drops to combine and form larger drops
which produce a more dense printout.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide for gating
character signals and base voltage signals to a differential
amplifier supplying the charging voltage to the charging electrode
in an ink jet printer so as to cause selective groups of ink drops
to merge and control the density of printing.
It is also an important object of the invention to provide for
using logic circuits to selectively gate data signals and base
voltage signals to the charging electrode of an ink jet printer
through a differential amplifier so as to effect selective merging
of two or more charged ink drops before being deflected to print on
a document.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the
invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the
following more detailed description of a preferred embodiment of
the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawing
FIG. 1 is a schematic view in side elevation of an ink jet printer
structure showing the general arrangement of the nozzle,
transducer, charging electrode, deflection plates and document;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of a portion of the system of
FIG. 1 showing the relations between oppositely charged adjacent
drops as they travel from the charging electrode to the deflection
electrodes;
FIG. 3 is a reproduction of a photograph of the ink jet drop stream
showing an enlarged drop formed by merged ink drops;
FIG. 4 is a showing of a typical charging electrode waveform for
forming merged ink drops from three adjacent drops in the
stream.
FIG. 5 is a reproduction of print samples made from merged ink
drops using a charging electrode waveform as shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an ink jet control system
for printing with merged ink drops;
FIG. 7 is a truth table illustrating the logic conditions for the
logic in FIG. 6 for different ink drop charging conditions for
producing different ink drop densities, and
FIG. 8 shows typical waveforms for the system of FIG. 6 for
different drop charging conditions.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1 the reference numeral 30 denotes generally a
schematic representation of an ink jet printer in which a nozzle 31
is connected to a source of ink under pressure for producing a
stream of ink 32. A transducer 33 is connected to the nozzle 31 and
energized from a suitable periodic source of electrical energy for
causing the stream play to break into drops of ink 34. The drops 34
are suitably charged by means of a charging electrode 35 and then
passed between deflection plates 36 and 37 which are raised to a
suitable potential to provide a fixed field therebetween for
deflecting charge drops onto a document 38 for printing or into a
gutter 40 for return to the ink source. According to the invention
the drops 34 are so charged that adjacent drops attract each other
and merge into larger drops 42 during flight. These merged drops
then pass between the deflection plates 36 and 37 and are deflected
corresponding to the amount of charges they carry to predetermined
positions on the document 38. Uncharged drops 34 are not deflected
when they pass between the deflection plates 36 and 37, and are
collected by the gutter 40.
A unique way of charging and combining droplets 34 into larger
droplets 42 for printing is based on a phenomena observed in
experiments. It has been discovered that when a succession of
droplets in flight carry alternate signs of charges, such as the
charges Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 on adjacent drops 34 as shown in FIG. 2
where Q.sub.1 is a positive charge and Q.sub.2 is a negative
charge, they attract each other by electrostatic force and result
in merging as shown at 42 before they reach the deflection plates
if the following condition is satisfied:
S > (8.pi..epsilon..sub.o m/9Q.sub.1 Q.sub.2 ) .sup.1/2
(.lambda.-D) .sup.3/2 v (Eq. 1)
where
S = Distance between drop formation point and deflection plates. v
= velocity of droplets m = mass of droplet Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2 =
Charges of two adjacent drops ( Q.sub.1 & Q.sub.2 are opposite
in sign) .lambda. = Wave length D = Drop diameter .epsilon..sub.0 =
permittivity of free space
For instance, when S = .400, v = 450/sec., V.sub.1 (base voltage)
=- -30V, V.sub.2 (signal voltage) = +140V, .lambda. = .010, D =
.004, ink resistivity = 200 ohm cm, the merging of droplets takes
place as shown schematically in FIG. 2 and in the reproduction of
an actual printing operation in FIG. 3.
For the present printing scheme, a typical charging voltage pattern
is composed of a base voltage and signal voltages. They are
opposite in sign and are pulsed alternatively as shown in FIG. 4
where drops 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, etc. are charged by a base
voltage V.sub.B and drops 2, 5, 8, 11, etc. are charged by signal
voltages V.sub.2, V.sub.5, V.sub.8, V.sub.11, etc. The signal
voltages V.sub.2, V.sub.5, V.sub.8, determine the amount of
deflection of the associated drops.
The parameters of the printing system Sv, .lambda., D.sub.m,
V.sub.B, and V are arranged to satisfy the requirements of equation
1 so that the merging effect will take place. Thus drops 1, 2 and 3
with charges Q.sub.B, Q.sub.2, and Q.sub.B induced by the voltages
V.sub.B, V.sub.2 and V.sub.B merge into a single drop. The
deflection of this merged drop on paper is: (Deflection of drops 1,
2, 3) =
K (2 Q.sub.B - Q.sub.2 /3m ) (E/v.sup.2) (L.sub.1 L.sub.2 +
L.sub.1.sup.2 /2)
where
K = constant E = Electric Field L.sub.1 = Length of Deflection
plates L.sub.2 = Distance between Deflection plates and paper
By controlling the signal voltages it is possible to deflect all
the merged drops onto predetermined positions on the paper to form
matrix printing. For instance the charging voltage pattern of FIG.
4 will make a printing of a vertical bar composed of 9 dots such as
shown in FIG. 5 which is a reproduction of an actual print sample,
each of the dots comprising three merged ink drops. Another print
sample is shown in FIG. 5 which is a condensed 7 .times. 9 matrix
block. Note that each dot on the paper is made of 3 droplets issued
by the nozzle 31.
Referring to FIG. 6 the referenced numeral 50 designates generally
a logic control system for an ink jet printer embodying the
features of the invention. As shown, the transducer 33 is energized
from a clock or oscillator 52 which provides the desired varicosity
effects for separating the ink stream 32 into droplets 34 which are
charged by means of a charging electrode 35. A data source 54
provides data signal voltages to a digital to analog converter 56.
Instead of connecting the digital to analog converter 56 directly
to the charging electrode 35, it is connected to the charging
electrode through a differential amplifier 58 and an analog gate
60. A logic circuit 62 is provided which is connected to the
differential amplifier 58 through an analog gate 64. The logic
circuit 62 provides gating signals to the analog gates 60 and 62
for gating output signals from the digital to analog converter 56
to one terminal 66 of the differential amplifier 55, and to the
analog gate 64 for gating a base voltage signal V.sub.B to the
other input terminal 68 of the differential amplifier. Resistors R1
and R2 determine the ratio of the effects of the inputs at the
terminals 66 and 68 on the output voltage V.sub.o at the terminal
70 of the differential amplifier, which is connected to the
charging electrode 35. The logic circuit 62 is designed to operate
in accordance with the truth table shown in FIG. 7. Clock signals
are provided by the oscillator 52 to the logic circuit 62 as well
as to the data source 54. The data source also provides tone or
gray scale control signals A and B to the logic for determining the
output voltage at V.sub.O in accordance with the input signals at
the terminals 66 and 68.
Referring to FIG. 8, it will be seen that the clock 52 provides
clock pulse signals as shown at a. The digital to analog converter
56 provides a step or staircase waveform V.sub.DA as shown at b.
The A and B signals are shown at c and d respectively while the
output signals of the logic circuit 62, D and G, are shown at e and
f, respectively. The output voltages V.sub.A1 and V.sub.A2 of the
gates 60 and 64 are shown at g and h, respectively. Combinations of
these signals result in an output voltage V.sub.O as shown by the
curve j at the bottom of the page. For example, referring to the
truth table in FIG. 7 when the input signals to the logic circuit
62 are not A and not B (A and B) the output signals G and D are
equal to zero and the output voltages V.sub.O are zero for
successive drops 1, 2 and 3. When the input signal to the logic
circuit 62 is not A and B (A and B) then the output signal G will
be zero but the output signal D will be up and the voltage on drop
2 will correspond to the voltage V.sub.A1 as shown by j in FIG. 8.
When the input to the logic circuit 62 is A and not B (A and B)
then the output signals G and D will both be up and the output
voltages V.sub.1 and V.sub.2 will be up while the voltage V.sub.3
will be zero as shown as j1. Accordingly, 2 drops will combine to
form a single drop giving printing of double the density of a
single drop. Where the condition when A and B signals are both
applied to the logic circuit 62 then the outputs G and D are both
up and voltages V.sub.1, V.sub.2 and V.sub.3 are all up as shown at
j2 so that the base voltage V.sub.B is applied to drops 2 and 3 of
each sequence, and drops 1, 2 and 3 combine to provide a single
drop 42 three times the size of a single original drop 34, thus
increasing the density of the printing.
From the above description and the accompanying drawing it will be
apparent that the invention provides a simple and effective way of
controlling the density of printing. By selectively applying
control voltages to the logic circuit 62, ink drops may be caused
to merge to provide single drops of one, two, three or more times
the size of a normal drop and printing of different densities may
be thereby effected.
While the invention has been described with reference to a
preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those
skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be
made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention.
* * * * *