U.S. patent number 3,845,756 [Application Number 05/266,891] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-05 for ergometer device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Sven-Gunnar Sigvard Olsson.
United States Patent |
3,845,756 |
Olsson |
November 5, 1974 |
ERGOMETER DEVICE
Abstract
An ergometer device consists of an exercise machine such as a
pedalling device, braking means to control the force exerted by the
operator upon the pedalling device, and control means to control
the amount of application of the braking means. The control means
are adjusted by means of a control signal which is developed by a
continuous comparison of the pre-selected heartbeat rate as against
the actual rate of the subject's heartbeat together with the
alteration of the rate during the time period of use of the
device.
Inventors: |
Olsson; Sven-Gunnar Sigvard
(Solluntuna, SW) |
Assignee: |
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
(Munich, DT)
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Family
ID: |
26880103 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/266,891 |
Filed: |
June 28, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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184391 |
Sep 29, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
600/520; 482/8;
73/379.07; 482/5; 482/63 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
24/00 (20130101); A63B 2230/062 (20130101); A63B
2230/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
24/00 (20060101); A61b 005/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/2R,2S,2.5R,2.5T,2.6F,2.6R ;272/69,73,DIG.6 ;73/379R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kamm; William E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Richards & Geier
Parent Case Text
The present application is a continuation in part of an earlier
patent application filed Sept. 29, 1971, Ser. No. 184,391. This
earlier patent application is now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. An ergometer comprising, in combination, force exerting means
adapted to be operated by a subject, braking means controlling the
force to be exerted upon the force exerting means, and control
means for determining the amount of braking force to be applied, a
heart frequency measuring means enclosing electrodes connectable to
the subject for producing an electrical signal corresponding to the
real heart frequency f of the subject, an ideal heart frequency
generating means for setting an ideal heart frequency f.sub.e and
producing an electrical signal corresponding to this ideal heart
frequency f.sub.e, a differentiator connected to the output of the
heart frequency measuring means for producing the first derivative
df/dt of the real heart frequency signal, and further comprising an
electronic control signal calculator means connected to the outputs
of said heart frequency measuring means, said ideal heart frequency
generating means and said differentiator for calculating from the
outgoing signals of said heart frequency measuring instrument, said
ideal heart frequency generator and said differentiator a control
signal S.sub.R pursuant to the equation
S.sub.R = (f.sub.e - f) .sup.. K - (df/dt) .sup.. A .sup.. B.sub.f
,
where K and A are constants and B.sub.f is a variable
proportionality factor, said calculator means including means to
provide said proportionality factor as a function of both the real
heart frequency f and the polarity of the real heart frequency
alteration df/dt, which factor B.sub.f in the presence of a
positive polarity of the heart frequency alteration (df/dt >0)
increases with higher real heart frequencies, remains constant in
the presence of negative polarity (df/dt <0), said control
signal S.sub.R is connected to the input of said brake control
means for controlling said brake control means to produce a higher
amount of braking force when the strength of the control signal
increases, and a lower amount of braking force when the strength of
the control signal decreases.
2. An ergometer as described in claim 1, wherein the said producing
means includes control means connected to the outputs of said heart
frequency measuring instrument and said differentiator for
automatically controlling the factor B.sub.f in function of the
real heart frequency f and the polarity of the heart frequency
alteration df/dt as follows:
3. An ergometer as described in claim 1, wherein said electronic
control signal calculator means includes calculating means for
calculating the constants K, A so that the frequency alterational
signal (df/dt .sup.. A .sup.. B.sub.f) corresponds in strength to a
variation signal (f.sub.e - f) .sup.. K of 10 beats/min when
4. An ergometer as described in claim 2, wherein said providing
means of said electronic control signal calculator means for
controlling the factor B.sub.f comprising in combination first
circuit means, operational amplifiers, connected to the output of
the real heart frequency measuring instrument, and producing one
output signals when the real heart frequency f increases in said
steps f <110 , f = 110 to 130, f = 130 to 150, f = 150 to 170, f
>170 beats/min, and second circuit means connected to the output
of said differentiator for producing an output signal corresponding
to the polarity of the signal df/dt, third circuit means connected
to outputs of the first and second circuit means and connecting the
output signals of the first circuit means to switching means, such
as switching transistors only in that case when at the same time,
at the output of the second circuit means exists an output signal
corresponding to a positive polarity of df/dt, said switching means
setting amplifying means connected to the output of said
differentiating device for an amplification of the signal df/dt in
the ratio 1:2:3:4:5 corresponding to the appearance of outgoing
signals of the first circuit means in the steps f <110, f = 110
to 130, f = 130 to 150, f = 150 to 170, f >170 beats/min.
Description
This invention relates to an ergometer wherein the work to be
applied by the person being examined is regulated depending upon a
selected heart frequency value to a value corresponding to this
selected frequency value.
An ergometer is a device utilized in various therapies particularly
in recovery therapy of a patient after a heart attack or
determination of the physiological performance capacity of a
subject. The devices generally include a force exerting device
(such as a pedalling device known as an ergometer bicycle), a
braking device to permit application of differential forces upon
the force exerting device, and control means to selectively apply
the braking device.
In conventional devices of this type the work which is to be
applied is not dependent upon the pedalling frequency of the user.
Thus bicycles are so constructed that with increasing pedalling
frequency the braking action is diminished while with diminishing
pedalling frequency the braking action is increased. The patient
can be then provided with predetermined constant work and his
physiological operating capacity can be then determined by his
actual heart frequency.
An ergometer of this type is not set to a constant work magnitude,
rather the work is measured which the subject is capable of
rendering at a given pre-selected heartbeat rate. The use of such
ergometers affords notable benefits. For example, it is of decisive
importance in rehalibitation after a heart attack that subject's
heart may be subjected to a precise preselected workload, i.e. that
the heart shall function at a pre-selected rate, and that the rate,
for the subject's safety (against overload), shall not be exceeded,
or shall not be exceeded in order to assure an optimum
rehabilitation result. The ergometer can be operated without any
additional medical supervision, as it is automatically provided
that subject proper is never overloaded in a manner to threaten
subject's health even in case of extremely low physiological
performance capacity; consequently it is especially well suited for
use in en masse examinations. The ergometer bicycle can also be
used in work-physilogical examinations in order to determine the
bodily labor involved in a given type of activity. For this purpose
it is only requisite that in the performance of such activity the
rate of heart pulsation of subject be determined and the work to be
done on the ergometer be adapted accordingly.
In heretofore utilized ergometers of the described type the
regulation of the work to be accomplished to a value corresponding
to the preselected heart frequency value, takes place solely by a
regulating signal dependent upon the discrepancy between the
desired and actual value of the subject's heart frequency. Practice
has demonstrated that in a control process of this kind based
merely upon the difference between the theoretical and the actual,
the heart rate does not approach the pre-selected ideal FIGURE
asymptotically, but that, rather, it builds up to such ideal rate
for oscillating above and below it several times. When the ideal
rate is exceeded, heart rates occur which can affect subject's
circulation, especially when subject has poor circulation, to an
extent that could endanger the health and in extreme cases the life
of the subject.
An object of the present invention is to avoid these drawbacks of
existing devices.
Another object is the provision of an ergometer wherein dangerously
high heart frequencies produced by exceeding the theoretical rates
can not occur.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent in the
course of the following specification.
In the accomplishment of the objectives of the present invention it
was found desirable to affect the control by means of a control
signal (S.sub.R) produced by a continuous comparison between the
pre-selected heart rate (f.sub.e) and both the subject's actual
rate at any given moment (f) and the temporary alteration (df/dt)
of such actual rate.
In the ergometer according to the present invention, the strength
of the control signal is not only affected, as in the known
ergometers, by the ideal rate/actual rate discrepancy, but in
addition also by any momentary alteration of the actual rate. If
the effect of the actual rate alteration upon signal strength is
such that the signal at any time is, in response to the degree of
the actual rate alteration, more or less markedly dimished, (marked
decline when there is a rapid increase in heart rate, slight
decline when heart rate increase is less rapid), it is possible to
bring it about that subject's actual heart rate shall approach
subject's pre-selected heart rate asymptotically. The dangerously
high rates far exceeding the theoretical or ideal, cannot then, as
a matter of course, any longer set in.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the control signal
(S.sub.R) is obtained by formation of the difference between a
deviation signal proportional to the difference (f.sub.e = f)
between subject's ideal and actual rate and the rate-alteration
signal that is proportional to the first heart rate differential.
Thus the control signal is suitably formed pursuant to the
equation:
S.sub.R = (f.sub.e - f) .sup.. K - (df/dt) .sup.. A .sup..
B.sub.f
where K and A are constants, and B.sub.f represents a variable
proportionality factor dependent upon the heart rate and the heart
rate alteration polarity. Given positive polarity of the heart rate
variation (df/dt > 0) the factor B.sub.f should increase as
rates increase and remain constant when polarity is negative (df/dt
>0), for all rates. Selection of such variable B.sub.f factor
will take into account the fact that like any other motor the heart
accelerates less as load increases, that is, as the heart rate
increases a further increase in rate within a given time period
declines.
The B.sub.f factor can be continuously altered. It will be
sufficient however if factor B.sub.f holds within definite rate
levels to a constant figure. Sufficiently satisfactory results are
obtained when factor B.sub.f, ion function of heart rate f and the
heart rate alteration sign df/dt, is established as:
a) df/dt>0 B.sub.f = 1 at f < 110 beats/min B.sub.f = 2 at f
= 110 to 130 do. B.sub.f = 3 at f = 130 to 150 do. B.sub.f = 4 at f
= 150 to 170 do. B.sub.f = 5 at f 170 do. b) df/dt<0 B.sub.f = 1
for all heartbeat rates.
An espectially desirable asymptotic behavior of the heartbeat
frequency is obtained when the control signal (S.sub.R) already at
an ideal rate/actual rate variation (f.sub.e = f) of 10 beats/min
drops to zero. To this purpose it has been found advisable so to
establish the constants K and A (with a corresponding B.sub.f
selection) of the variation or frequency alteration signal, that
the zero position of the control signal is reached at the moment
that
a) df/dt = + 90 beats/min.sup.2 when f < 110 beats/min df/dt = +
45 do. do. f = 110 to 130 do. df/dt = + 30 do. do. f = 130 to 150
do. df/dt = + 22.5 do. do. f = 150 to 170 do. df/dt = + 18 do. do.
f > 170 do. b) df/dt = - 90 do. for all heartbeat rates.
The invention will appear more clearly from the following detailed
description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings
showing by way of example only, a preferred embodiment of the
invention idea.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a basic diagram of the circuit of the present
invention.
FIGS. 2 and 3 are detailed switch circuits of the diagram of FIG.
1.
The same structural parts are indicated with the same numerals
throughout the FIGURES.
FIG. 1 shows a subject 1, who treads the pedals 2 of an ergometer
bicycle 3. The tread motion of subject 1 can, by means of a brake 5
which engages transmission chain 4 of the sheel 3, be more or less
forcefully brakes. Setting of the desired brake force is then done
by menas of a brake force adjusting device 6.
An EKG electrode 7 applied to subject's body is used to taking the
subject's heart signals. The signals are fed to a heartbeat
frequency amplifier, which at its output produces an electric
signal corresponding to the actul frequency rate at the time.
The output signals of the frequency amplifier 8 are carried over
the line 9 direct and over line 10 via a differential stage 11 to a
control signal counter 12. Over an additional line 13 there is
attached to signal counter 12 additionally a frequency transmitter
14 for the ideal frequency f.sub.e.
The control signal counter 12 consists essentially of a first
differential step 15 for the formation of a signal corresponding to
the ideal rate/actual rate deviation (f.sub.e - f), with an
after-attached multiplication member 16 for multiplication of the
signal by the constant factor K, the signal being formed from
either multiplying member 17 and 18 for multiplication of the
output signal of differential step 11 by the factor B.sub.f, and
from the constant factor A and a second differential step 19 for
the formation of the difference S.sub.R = (f.sub.e - f) .sup.. K -
(df/dt) .sup.. A .sup.. B.sub.f. Factor B.sub.f can be set
manually, or automatically via control line, in function of the
frequency f, to the previously described magnitudes.
The output signal S.sub.R (control signal) of the control signal
calculator 12 is conveyed to a motor servo unit 21, which, via a
loading unit 22, controls the brake force regulating device 6 in
function of the signal strength at the time prevailing. There is
further connected up with motor servo unit 21 a load integrator 23
to calculate the work done by subject 1 during a pre-set time.
Construction element 24 represents a frequency indicator device
that indicates the actual heartbeat frequency.
THe described embodiment of the present invention operates in such
a manner that every dangerously rapid rate increase in the subject
is, thanks to the thereby induced immediate debilitation of the
control signal, via a corresponding reduction or fixing of the
braking power of brake 5, picked up directly on transmission chain
4. As a result, subject's heart is never, not even briefly,
over-strained, and instead subject's heart beat rate asymptotically
approaches the desired ideal count. If the timed duration with
ratained approximation of the actual to the ideal rate is to be
reduced to a minimum, this can suitably be brought about by in
addition connecting up the second differential counter to the first
heart-rate differential.
According to FIG. 2 the outgoing signals of the heart frequency
amplifier 8 are transmitted to the differentiating stage 11
(RC-member) through an operational amplifier 25 operating as an
impedance changer. The differentiated signal (df/dt) is amplified
in a further operational amplifier 26. Each of the operational
amplifiers 25 and 26 has an RC-circuit 27, 28 for flattening the
available outgoing signal.
The outlet of the operation amplifier 25 is connected through
voltage dividers 29 to 32 (ohmic resistances) with the operational
inlets of operation amplifiers 33 to 36 in the regulated signal
calculator 12. The voltage dividers 29 to 32 are then so set that
for heart frequencies f<100 beats/min. all operational
amplifiers 33 to 36 have a negative outgoing potential. However
from 110 beats/min. the operational amplifier 33 is switched to a
positive outgoing potential, from 130 beats/min. the operational
amplifier 34 is switched to a positive outgoing potential, from 150
beats/min. the operational amplifier 35 and from 170 beats/min. the
operational amplifier 36 are switched to a positive outgoing
potential. Each switching of an operational amplifier 33 to 36 to
positive outgoing potential results in the connection of a
corresponding field effect transistor 41 to 44 through a rearwardly
switched diode 37 to 40.
The operational inlets of transistors 41 to 44 are connected by
further diodes 45 to 48 with the outlet of an operational amplifier
49. This operational amplifier is concerned with the existing
polarity of the change in heart frequency. When the change in heart
frequency has a negative polarity (df/dt< 0), the amplifier
produces a negative outgoing signal which via diodes 45 to 48
prevents an actuation of transistors 41 to 44 through the
operational amplifier 33 to 36. On the other hand, when the change
in heart frequency has a positive polarity (df/dt> 0) the now
positive outgoing voltage of the operational amplifier 49 frees the
transistors 41 to 44 for actuation through the operational
amplifiers 33 to 36.
Each actuation of a transistor 41 to 44 by an operational amplifier
33 to 36 causes the corresponding transistor to become conducting.
This again results in a parallel connection of an ohmic resistance
50 to 53 connected in series with the corresponding transistor 41
to 44, with an ohmic resistance 54 switched at the outlet of the
operational amplifier 26. The ohmic resistances 50 to 54 are
selected to be equal to each other, so that in point 55 there is an
amplification of the signal (df/dt) in the ratio 1:2:3:4:5 for the
individual heart frequency ranges of < 110, 110 to 130,130 to
150, 150 to 170, > 170 beats/min.
The frequency changing signal produced in point 55 is transmitted
to an operational amplifier 56. The operational amplifier 56
receives in point 57 the actual value signal of the heart frequency
amplifier 8 via an ohmic resistance 58 and also receives in point
59 the desired value signal of the desired value giver 14 (setting
of the desired value by the resistance potentiometer 60). The
frequency change signal and the actual value signal are opposed to
the desired value signal. Thus at the outlet of the operational
amplifier 56 the desired regulating signal S.sub.R is produced.
As shown in FIG. 3 the regulating signal S.sub.R is transmitted to
the inlet of an operational amplifier 61 in the motor servo unit
21. The motor servo unit is provided with a motor generator 62
operating alternately as a motor or as a generator. When the
motor-generator operates as a generator, its speed is tested and a
signal is produced corresponding to this speed. This signal is
transmitted as counter coupling signal to the operational amplifier
61 switched as an integrator.
The outgoing signal of the operational amplifier 61 is broken up by
a multivibrator 63 which consists in the usual manner of
transistors 64 and 65, as well as ohmic resistances, diodes and
condensers. The multivibrator 63 has on the outlet side field
effect transistors 66 and 67 one of which is always closed while
the other is conducting. When the transistor 66 is conducting the
motor-generator 62 receives current through the transistors 68 and
69 for motor operation. When the transistor 67 is conducting the
voltage is tested at the motor-generator 62, so that then the
motor-generator 62 operates as a generator. A group of zener diodes
70 is used for limiting the speed of the motor-generator 62.
The motor-generator 62 drives mechanically the inlet potentiometer
71 of the loading unit 22. The loading unit 22 operates as an
impedance changer and is used for adapting a direct current
generator 72 acting as a regulatable brake 5 the outgoing output of
which can go up to 400 watts, to the potentiometer 71. The loading
unit consists of a differential amplifier which regulates the
current of the generator 72 in such manner that this current is
proportional to the setting of the potentiometer 71. The generator
72 is regulated to a constant voltage by the foot movements of the
subject 1 and transmits, for example, a voltage of 85 volts.
The motor-generator 62 also drives the loading integrator 23 a
second potentiometer 73 mechanically coupled with the potentiometer
71. The potentiometer 73 is located at the inlet of an operational
amplifier 74 with an integrating condenser 75. Thus the inlet of
the operational amplifier 74 receives via the potentiometer 73 a
current proportional to the load of the subject.
A further operational amplifier 76 is switched after the amplifier
74 and is used to supply an outgoing impulse at a predetermined
outgoing voltage value of the amplifier 74 produced on the basis of
integration. The outgoing impulse starts a multivibrator 77 which
discharges the integrating condenser 75 through a field effect
transistor 78 and thus releases any further integration. Each
outgoing impulse produced by the operational amplifier 76 is also
transmitted through a transistor amplifier 79 to a counting relay
80 which counts the impulses and the indication of which at the end
of the measured time period constitutes a direct measure of the
work carried out by the subject.
* * * * *